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序列化-pickle,json
1、序列化
將對(duì)象的狀態(tài)信息轉(zhuǎn)換為可以存儲(chǔ)或者可以傳輸?shù)男问竭^程
內(nèi)存中有一些結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù),希望保存下來沖用,或者發(fā)送給別人使用
很多游戲允許你在退出的時(shí)候保存進(jìn)度,然后你再次啟動(dòng)的時(shí)候回到退出的地方。
2、常用的一些序列化
pickle,cPickle
JSON
Shelve
YAML
3、序列化對(duì)象到磁盤,所有的python支持的類型都可以用pickle做序列化
序列化到磁盤:pickle.dump(obj, file),從磁盤反序列化:pickle.load(file)
序列化到內(nèi)存:pickle.dumps(obj),從內(nèi)存反序列化:pickle.loads(str)
#pickle序列化到磁盤,pickle.dump(參數(shù)1,參數(shù)2),fd是問價(jià)句炳 In [1]: import pickle In [2]: entry = {'a':11, 'b':22} In [3]: with open('/tmp/1.pickle','wb') as fd: #w表示寫方式,b表示二進(jìn)制 ...: pickle.dump(entry, fd) [root@133 ~]# file /tmp/1.pickle /tmp/1.pickle: ASCII text [root@133 ~]cat /tmp/1.pickle (dp0 S'a' p1 I11 sS'b' p2 I22 #pickle.load(fd)從硬盤反序列化, In [7]: with open('/tmp/1.pickle') as fd: ...: a = pickle.load(fd) ...: In [8]: a Out[8]: {'a': 11, 'b': 22} #pickle序列化數(shù)據(jù)到內(nèi)存中, In [14]: entry = {'a':11, 'b':22} In [15]: b = pickle.dumps(entry) In [16]: b Out[16]: "(dp0\nS'a'\np1\nI11\nsS'b'\np2\nI22\ns." #pickle.loads(fd)從內(nèi)存反序列化 In [17]: entry1=pickle.loads(b) In [19]: entry1 Out[19]: {'a': 11, 'b': 22}
pickle簡(jiǎn)單應(yīng)用
[root@133 tmp]# cd /opt/python/django/ [root@133 django]# cp -pr simplecmdb simplecmdbbak [root@133 simplecmdb]# cd /opt/python/django/simplecmdbbak/simplecmdb [root@133 simplecmdb]# vim settings.py #注釋掉默認(rèn)的sqlite3數(shù)據(jù)庫 #DATABASES = { # 'default': { # 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', # 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'), # } #} #指定使用mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫 DATABASES = { 'default':{ 'ENGINE':'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME':'cmdb', 'USER':'root', 'PASSWORD':'Amos!@#$', 'HOST':'127.0.0.1', 'PORT':'3306', } }
登錄mysql,創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫cmdb,在數(shù)據(jù)庫cmdb中創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表
[root@133 simplecmdbbak]# cd /opt/python/django/simplecmdbbak [root@133 simplecmdbbak]# rm -rf db.sqlite3 #刪除sqlite3的數(shù)據(jù)庫 [root@133 simplecmdbbak]# cd hostinfo/ [root@133 hostinfo]# vim models.py #models.py已經(jīng)定義了數(shù)據(jù)表,只要同步即可在mysql中建表 from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Host(models.Model): hostname = models.CharField(max_length = 50) ip = models.IPAddressField() vendor = models.CharField(max_length = 50) product = models.CharField(max_length = 50) sn = models.CharField(max_length = 50) cpu_model = models.CharField(max_length = 50) cpu_num = models.IntegerField(max_length = 50) memory = models.CharField(max_length = 50) osver = models.CharField(max_length = 50) #查看數(shù)據(jù)庫配置文件有沒有錯(cuò)誤 [root@133 simplecmdbbak]# python manage.py validate 0 errors found mysql> create database cmdb; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) [root@133 simplecmdbbak]# python manage.py syncdb Creating tables ... Creating table django_admin_log Creating table auth_permission Creating table auth_group_permissions Creating table auth_group Creating table auth_user_groups Creating table auth_user_user_permissions Creating table auth_user Creating table django_content_type Creating table django_session Creating table hostinfo_host Creating table hostinfo_hostgroup_members Creating table hostinfo_hostgroup You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined. Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes Username (leave blank to use 'root'): root Email address: 1350368559@qq.com Password: Password (again): Superuser created successfully. Installing custom SQL ... Installing indexes ... Installed 0 object(s) from 0 fixture(s) [root@133 simplecmdbbak]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: mysql> use cmdb; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +----------------------------+ | Tables_in_cmdb | +----------------------------+ | auth_group | | auth_group_permissions | | auth_permission | | auth_user | | auth_user_groups | | auth_user_user_permissions | | django_admin_log | | django_content_type | | django_session | | hostinfo_host | | hostinfo_hostgroup | | hostinfo_hostgroup_members | +----------------------------+ 12 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> exit Bye
修改系統(tǒng)收集信息
[root@133 django]# vim /opt/python/django/sysinformation-pickle.py import pickle # d = urllib.urlencode(dic) d = pickle.dumps(dic) #使用pickle將收集到的信息保存到內(nèi)存中 #修改視圖文件,得到屬性文件 [root@133 django]# vim /opt/python/django/simplecmdbbak/hostinfo/views.py print req.body
啟動(dòng)django服務(wù)器
[root@133 simplecmdbbak]# python manage.py runserver 112.65.140.133:8080
執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)收集腳本:python sysinformation-pickle.py,報(bào)錯(cuò)500,排查過程如下:
[root@133 django]# python sysinformation-pickle.py #由于后邊的變量值沒有收到具體的信息報(bào)錯(cuò) Traceback (most recent call last): File "sysinformation-pickle.py", line 118, in <module> req = urllib2.urlopen('http://112.65.140.133:8080/hostinfo/collect/',d) File "/opt/amos/python2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 126, in urlopen return _opener.open(url, data, timeout) File "/opt/amos/python2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 406, in open response = meth(req, response) File "/opt/amos/python2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 519, in http_response 'http', request, response, code, msg, hdrs) File "/opt/amos/python2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 444, in error return self._call_chain(*args) File "/opt/amos/python2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 378, in _call_chain result = func(*args) File "/opt/amos/python2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 527, in http_error_default raise HTTPError(req.get_full_url(), code, msg, hdrs, fp) urllib2.HTTPError: HTTP Error 500: INTERNAL SERVER ERROR [root@133 simplecmdbbak]# python manage.py runserver 112.65.140.133:8080 Validating models... 0 errors found January 15, 2017 - 18:00:56 Django version 1.6.5, using settings 'simplecmdb.settings' Starting development server at http://112.65.140.133:8080/ Quit the server with CONTROL-C. #以下是pickle發(fā)送到服務(wù)器的信息,格式是pickle格式,由simplecmdbbak/hostinfo/views.py處理得到的 (dp0 S'osver' p1 S'CentOS release 6.7 (Final)' p2 sS'product' p3 S'PowerEdge R710' p4 sS'vendor' p5 S'Dell Inc.' p6 sS'sn' p7 S'4HBDT2X' p8 sS'memory' p9 S'19976M' p10 sS'cpu_num' p11 I8 sS'ip' p12 (S'br1' p13 S'112.65.140.133' p14 S'A4:BA:DB:20:93:23' p15 tp16 sS'hostname' p17 S'133' p18 sS'cpu_model' p19 S'Intel(R) 2.00GHz' p20 s. None None None None None None None None None [15/Jan/2017 18:01:04] "POST /hostinfo/collect/ HTTP/1.1" 500 118260 #測(cè)試,如果將:sysinformation-pickle.py修改為: d = urllib.urlencode(dic) # d = pickle.dumps(dic) 結(jié)果就是: osver=CentOS+release+6.7+%28Final%29&product=PowerEdge+R710&vendor=Dell+Inc.&sn=4HBDT2X&memory=19976M&cpu_num=8&ip=%28%27br1%27%2C+%27112.65.140.133%27%2C+%27A4%3ABA%3ADB%3A20%3A93%3A23%27%29&hostname=133&cpu_model=Intel%28R%29+2.00GHz 133 ('br1', '112.65.140.133', 'A4:BA:DB:20:93:23') CentOS release 6.7 (Final) Dell Inc. PowerEdge R710 Intel(R) 2.00GHz 8 19976M 4HBDT2X 數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)發(fā)送到djago這里,如何將數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)序列化出來成為字典,即可正常使用。 [root@133 django]# vim /opt/python/django/simplecmdbbak/hostinfo/views.py from django.shortcuts import render from django.http import HttpResponse from hostinfo.models import Host import pickle # Create your views here. def collect(req): if req.POST: print pickle.loads(req.body) [root@133 django]# python sysinformation-pickle.py#結(jié)果顯示已經(jīng)去得了pickle loads出來的字典了 {'product': 'PowerEdge R710', 'vendor': 'Dell Inc.', 'cpu_num': 8, 'ip': ('br1', '112.65.140.133', 'A4:BA:DB:20:93:23'), 'hostname': '133', 'cpu_model': 'Intel(R) 2.00GHz', 'osver': 'CentOS release 6.7 (Final)', 'sn': '4HBDT2X', 'memory': '19976M'} [root@133 django]# vim /opt/python/django/simplecmdbbak/hostinfo/views.py import pickle def collect(req): if req.POST: obj = pickle.loads(req.body) hostname = obj['hostname'] print hostname ip = obj['ip'] print ip osver = obj['osver'] print osver vendor = obj['vendor'] print vendor product = obj['product'] print product cpu_model = obj['cpu_model'] print cpu_model cpu_num = obj['cpu_num'] print cpu_num memory = obj['memory'] print memory sn = obj['sn'] print sn :10,27s/req.POST.get/obj/ :10,27s/(/[/ :10,27s/)/]/ [root@133 simplecmdb]# vim hostinfo/models.py from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Host(models.Model): hostname = models.CharField(max_length = 200) ip = models.IPAddressField() vendor = models.CharField(max_length = 200) product = models.CharField(max_length = 200) sn = models.CharField(max_length = 200) cpu_model = models.CharField(max_length = 200) cpu_num = models.IntegerField(max_length = 200) memory = models.CharField(max_length = 200) osver = models.CharField(max_length = 200) def __unicode__(self): return self.hostname 數(shù)據(jù)庫字段的長度改為200,然后數(shù)據(jù)庫cmdb刪除,重新同步的,結(jié)果還是一樣。500 搞不清為什么會(huì)這樣? 另外一個(gè)問題: #d = urllib.urlencode(dic) d = pickle.dumps(dic) req = urllib2.urlopen('http://112.65.140.133:8080/hostinfo/collect/',d) print req.read() #d = urllib.urlencode(dic) 這里的d難道不用urlencode嗎?不轉(zhuǎn)換成urlencode格式,怎么能用urllib2.urlopen發(fā)送處理呢? host是實(shí)例,不是字典,所以不能這樣host['hostname'],只能host.hostname這樣來調(diào)用屬性。 可以在實(shí)例化( host = Host())之前來打印hostname、ip等信息,來進(jìn)行拍錯(cuò)。 這里的d是序列化后的對(duì)象,這里可以使用pickle序列化,跟使用json一樣。 視頻里有三種方式 1. 使用urlencode 2. 使用pickle 3. 使用json 我的問題找到了,原因是:ip = models.IPAddressField() 無法保存元祖。 def collect(req): if req.POST: print pickle.loads(req.body) obj = pickle.loads(req.body) hostname = obj['hostname'] ip = obj['ip'] osver = obj['osver'] vendor = obj['vendor'] product = obj['product'] cpu_model = obj['cpu_model'] cpu_num = obj['cpu_num'] memory = obj['memory'] sn = obj['sn'] print sn print 'pickle load ok' host = Host() host.hostname = hostname host.ip = ip host.osver = osver host.vendor = vendor host.product = product host.cpu_model = cpu_model host.cpu_num = cpu_num host.memory = memory host.sn = sn print host.sn host.save() print "host save ok" #沒有打印 print host.sn #沒有打印 return HttpResponse('OK') else: return HttpResponse('no data') 結(jié)果是: [16/Jan/2017 11:34:20] "POST /hostinfo/collect/ HTTP/1.1" 500 72226 {'product': 'PowerEdge R710', 'vendor': 'Dell Inc.', 'cpu_num': 8, 'ip': ('br1', '112.65.140.133', 'A4:BA:DB:20:93:23'), 'hostname': '133', 'cpu_model': 'Intel(R) 2.00GHz', 'osver': 'CentOS release 6.7 (Final)', 'sn': '4HBDT2X', 'memory': '19976M'} 4HBDT2X pickle load ok 4HBDT2X 很明顯是host.save()沒有成功,但是我卻不知道為什么沒有成功? 最后發(fā)現(xiàn)是: 我打印出來的IP被我設(shè)置為三個(gè)參數(shù): def parseIfconfig(parsed_data): dic = {} tuple_addr= ('lo','vir','vnet','em3','em4') parsed_data = [i for i in parsed_data if i and not i.startswith(tuple_addr)] for lines in parsed_data: line_list = lines.split('\n') devname = line_list[0].split()[0] macaddr = line_list[0].split()[-1] ipaddr = line_list[1].split()[1].split(':')[1] break dic['ip'] = devname,ipaddr,macaddr return dic ip如果是:'ip': '112.65.140.133' 就可以保存了 而實(shí)際結(jié)果是:'ip': ('br1', '112.65.140.133', 'A4:BA:DB:20:93:23') 所以無法保存到數(shù)據(jù)庫中,所以會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò) 改為: dic['ip'] = ipaddr 就ok了
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