Oracle 中 table 函數(shù)的應(yīng)用淺析
表函數(shù)可接受查詢語句或游標(biāo)作為輸入?yún)?shù)，并可輸出多行數(shù)據(jù)。該函數(shù)可以平行執(zhí)行，并可持續(xù)輸出數(shù)據(jù)流，被稱作管道式輸出。應(yīng)用表函數(shù)可將數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換分階段處理，并省去中間結(jié)果的存儲和緩沖表。
1. 用游標(biāo)傳遞數(shù)據(jù)
利用游標(biāo) REF CURSOR 可將數(shù)據(jù)集（多行記錄）傳遞到PL/SQL函數(shù)：
SELECT *
FROM TABLE (myfunction (CURSOR (SELECT *
FROM mytab)));
2. 利用兩個實體化視圖（或表）作為樣板數(shù)據(jù)
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW sum_sales_country_mv
BUILD IMMEDIATE
REFRESH COMPLETE
ENABLE QUERY REWRITE
AS
SELECT SUBSTR (s.calendar_month_desc, 1, 4) YEAR, c.country_id country,
SUM (sum_amount_sold) sum_amount_sold
FROM sum_sales_month_mv s, customers c
WHERE s.cust_id = c.cust_id
AND c.country_id IN ('US', 'UK', 'FR', 'ES', 'JP', 'AU')
GROUP BY SUBSTR (s.calendar_month_desc, 1, 4), c.country_id
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW sum_es_gend_mv
BUILD DEFERRED
REFRESH FAST
ENABLE QUERY REWRITE
AS
SELECT SUBSTR (s.calendar_month_desc, 1, 4) YEAR,
s.calendar_month_desc cal_month, c.cust_gender,
SUM (sum_amount_sold) sum_amount_sold
FROM sum_sales_month_mv s, customer c
WHERE s.cust_id = c.cust_id
AND c.country_id = 'ES'
AND sunstr (s.calendar_month_desc, 1, 4) = '2000'
GROUP BY SUBSTR (s.calendar_month_desc, 1, 4),
s.calendar_month_desc,
c.cust_gender;
3. 定義對象類型和基于對象類型的表類型
定義對象類型并且為進(jìn)一步引用做好淮備。
（1）定義對象類型：TYPE sales_country_t
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW sum_es_gend_mv
BUILD DEFERRED
REFRESH FAST
ENABLE QUERY REWRITE
AS
SELECT SUBSTR (s.calendar_month_desc, 1, 4) YEAR,
s.calendar_month_desc cal_month, c.cust_gender,
SUM (sum_amount_sold) sum_amount_sold
FROM sum_sales_month_mv s, customer c
WHERE s.cust_id = c.cust_id
AND c.country_id = 'ES'
AND sunstr (s.calendar_month_desc, 1, 4) = '2000'
GROUP BY SUBSTR (s.calendar_month_desc, 1, 4),
s.calendar_month_desc,
c.cust_gender;
（2）定義表類型：TYPE SUM_SALES_COUNTRY_T_TAB
CREATE TYPE sum_sales_country_t_tab AS TABLE OF sales_country_t;
（3）定義對象類型：TYPE sales_gender_t
CREATE TYPE sales_gender_t AS OBJECT (
YEAR VARCHAR2 (4),
country_id CHAR (2),
cust_gender CHAR (1),
sum_amount_sold NUMBER
);
（4）定義表類型：TYPE SUM_SALES_GENDER_T_TAB
CREATE TYPE sum_sales_gender_t_tab AS TABLE OF sales_gender_t;
（5）定義對象類型：TYPE sales_roll_t
CREATE TYPE sales_roll_t AS OBJECT (
channel_desc VARCHAR2 (20),
country_id CHAR (2),
sum_amount_sold NUMBER
);
（6）定義表類型：TYPE SUM_SALES_ROLL_T_TAB
CREATE TYPE sum_sales_roll_t_tab AS TABLE OF sales_roll_t;
（7）檢查一下建立的類型
SELECT object_name, object_type, status
FROM user_objects
WHERE object_type = 'TYPE';
4. 定義包：Create package and define REF CURSOR
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE cursor_pkg
I TYPE sales_country_t_rec IS RECORD (
YEAR VARCHAR (4),
country CHAR (2),
sum_amount_sold NUMBER
);
TYPE sales_gender_t_rec IS RECORD (
YEAR VARCHAR2 (4),
country_id CHAR (2),
cust_gender CHAR (1),
sum_amount_sold NUMBER
);
TYPE sales_roll_t_rec IS RECORD (
channel_desc VARCHAR2 (20),
country_id CHAR (2),
sum_amount_sold NUMBER
);
TYPE sales_country_t_rectab IS TABLE OF sales_country_t_rec;
TYPE sales_roll_t_rectab IS TABLE OF sales_roll_t_rec;
TYPE strong_refcur_t IS REF CURSOR
RETURN sales_country_t_rec;
TYPE row_refcur_t IS REF CURSOR
RETURN sum_sales_country_mv%ROWTYPE;
TYPE roll_refcur_t IS REF CURSOR
RETURN sales_roll_t_rec;
TYPE refcur_t IS REF CURSOR;
END corsor_pkg;
5. 定義表函數(shù)
（1）定義表函數(shù)：FUNCTION Table_Ref_Cur_Week
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION table_ref_cur_week (cur CURSOR.refcur_t)
RETURN sum_sales_country_t_tab
IS
YEAR VARCHAR (4);
country CHAR (2);
sum_amount_sold NUMBER;
objset sum_sales_country_t_tab := sum_sales_country_t_tab ();
i NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
LOOP
-- Fetch from cursor variable
FETCH cur
INTO YEAR, country, sum_amount_sold;
EXIT WHEN cur%NOTFOUND;
-- exit when last row is fetched
-- append to collection
i := i + 1;
objset.EXTEND;
objset (i) := sales_country_t (YEAR, country, sum_amount_sold);
END LOOP;
CLOSE cur;
RETURN objset;
END;
/
（2）定義表函數(shù)：FUNCTION Table_Ref_Cur_Strong
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION table_ref_cur_strong (cur cursor_pkg.strong_refcur_t)
RETURN sum_sales_country_t_tab PIPELINED
IS
YEAR VARCHAR (4);
country CHAR (2);
sum_amount_sold NUMBER;
i NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
LOOP
FETCH cur
INTO YEAR, country, sum_amount_sold;
EXIT WHEN cur%NOTFOUND; -- exit when last row fetched
PIPE ROW (sales_country_t (YEAR, country, sum_amount_sold));
END LOOP;
CLOSE cur;
RETURN;
END;
/
（3）定義表函數(shù)：FUNCTION Table_Ref_Cur_row
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION table_ref_cur_row (cur cursor_pkg.row_refcur_t)
RETURN sum_sales_country_t_tab PIPELINED
IS
in_rec cur%ROWTYPE;
out_rec sales_country_t := sales_country_t (NULL, NULL, NULL);
BEGIN
LOOP
FETCH cur
INTO in_rec;
EXIT WHEN cur%NOTFOUND; -- exit when last row is fetched
out_rec.YEAR := in_rec.YEAR;
out_rec.country := in_rec.country;
out_rec.sum_amount_sold := in_rec.sum_amount_sold;
PIPE ROW (out_rec);
END LOOP;
CLOSE cur;
RETURN;
END;
/
（4）定義表函數(shù)：FUNCTION Gender_Table_Ref_Cur_Week
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION gender_table_ref_cur_week (cur cursor_pkg.refcur_t)
RETURN sum_sales_gender_t_tab
IS
YEAR VARCHAR2 (4);
country_id CHAR (2);
cust_gender CHAR (1);
sum_amount_sold NUMBER;
objset sum_sales_gender_t_tab := sum_sales_gender_t_tab ();
i NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
LOOP
FETCH cur
INTO YEAR, country_id, cust_gender, sum_amount_sold;
EXIT WHEN cur%NOTFOUND; -- exit when last row is fetched
i := i + 1;
objset.EXTEND;
objset (i) :=
sum_sales_gender_t (YEAR, country_id, cust_gender, sum_amount_sold);
END LOOP;
CLOSE cur;
RETURN objset;
END;
/
6. 調(diào)用表函數(shù)
下列 SQL 查詢語句調(diào)用已被定義的表函數(shù)。
SELECT *
FROM TABLE (table_ref_cur_week (CURSOR (SELECT *
FROM sum_sales_country_mv)));
SELECT *
FROM TABLE (table_ref_cur_strong (CURSOR (SELECT *
FROM sum_sales_country_mv)));
SELECT *
FROM TABLE (table_ref_cur_row (CURSOR (SELECT *
FROM sum_sales_country_mv)));
SELECT *
FROM TABLE (table_ref_cur_week (CURSOR (SELECT *
FROM sum_sales_country_mv
WHERE country = 'AU')));
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