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寫在前面的話
每年逢年過節(jié),一票難求讀者肯定不陌生。這篇文章,我們帶領讀者從零實現(xiàn)一款12306刷票軟件,其核心原理還是通過發(fā)送http請求模擬登錄12306網(wǎng)站的購票的過程,最后買到票。
關于http請求的格式和如何組裝http數(shù)據(jù)包給服務器發(fā)送請求,我們在上一篇文章《從零實現(xiàn)一個http服務器》中已經(jīng)詳細介紹過了,如果還不明白的朋友可以去那篇文章看下。
鄭重申明一下:這里介紹的技術僅供用于學習,不可用于惡意×××12306服務器,請勿濫用本文介紹的技術。對12306服務器造成的任何損失,后果自負。
當然,由于12306服務器用戶量巨大,為了防止黃牛和其他一些非法×××者,12306的很多url和在購票過程中各個步驟的協(xié)議細節(jié)經(jīng)常發(fā)生變化。所以,本文中介紹的一些具體的url,可能在你看到本文時已經(jīng)失效。但是這并沒有關系,只要你掌握了本文中介紹的分析方法,您就可以靈活地修改您的代碼,以適應最新的12306服務器的要求。舉個例子,如12306的查票接口目前的url是:https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query,可能過幾天就變成了https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryX,再過幾天又可能變成https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryY,然后一個星期后又可能變成https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryZ,這些筆者都見過。所以,重在原理的學習,掌握了原理,不管12306的相關url變成什么樣,都可以以不變應萬變。哎,12306在與黃牛斗爭的路上越走越遠啊。T_T
本文將使用以下工具來分析12306購票的過程,然后使用C++語言,模擬相關的過程,最終購票。
1、Chrome瀏覽器(其他的瀏覽器也可以,都有類似的界面,如Chrome,裝了httpwatch的IE瀏覽器等)
2、一個可以登錄12306網(wǎng)址并且可以購票的12306賬號
一、查票與站點信息接口
之所以先分析這個接口,是因為查票不需要用戶登錄的,相對來說最簡單。我們在Chrome瀏覽器中打開12306余票查詢頁面,網(wǎng)址是:https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init,如下圖所示:
然后在頁面中右鍵菜單中選擇【檢查】菜單,打開后,選擇【網(wǎng)絡】選項卡。如下圖所示:
打開后頁面變成二分窗口了,左側(cè)是正常的網(wǎng)頁頁面,右側(cè)是瀏覽器自帶的控制臺,當我們在左側(cè)頁面中進行操作后,右側(cè)會顯示我們?yōu)g覽器發(fā)送的各種http請求和應答。我們這里隨便查一個票吧,如查2018年5月20日從上海到北京的票,點擊查詢后,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)右側(cè)是這樣的:
通過圖中列表的type值是xhr,我們可以得出這是一個ajax請求(ajax是瀏覽器原生支持的一種異步請求,詳情請自行百度)。我們選擇這個請求,你能看到這個請求的細節(jié)——請求和響應結(jié)果:
在reponse中,我們可以看到我們的這個http的去除http頭的響應結(jié)果:
這是一個json格式,我們找個json格式化工具,把這個json格式化后貼出來給大家看一下,其實您后面會發(fā)現(xiàn)12306的http請求結(jié)果中與購票相關的數(shù)據(jù)基本上都是json格式。這里的json如下:
{
"validateMessagesShowId": "_validatorMessage",
"status": true,
"httpstatus": 200,
"data": {
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"null|23:00-06:00系統(tǒng)維護時間|5l0000G15060|G150|AOH|VNP|AOH|VNP|16:05|22:00|05:55|IS_TIME_NOT_BUY|B+kl5hvzm26b184g8odo4t15OHC22ban1A1nGGF301bDERGO|20180520|3|H6|01|10|1|0|||||||||||1|有|8||O0M090|OM9|0", "null|23:00-06:00系統(tǒng)維護時間|5l0000G152E0|G152|AOH|VNP|AOH|VNP|16:18|22:12|05:54|IS_TIME_NOT_BUY|81VzXPX7cSnMfNL08HCNwU+u50GpJ+QNOZctnNmnxXE8onhQ|20180520|3|H6|01|10|1|0|||||||||||無|有|15||O0M090|OM9|0", "null|23:00-06:00系統(tǒng)維護時間|5l00000G1613|G16|AOH|VNP|AOH|VNP|17:00|21:36|04:36|IS_TIME_NOT_BUY|1Tjp2E11rAd8KSvlP8BLxwfyqQNNurrS6nFPFNIumUhIkIX3|20180520|3|H6|01|05|1|0|||||||||||1|無|4||O0M090|OM9|0", "null|23:00-06:00系統(tǒng)維護時間|5l0000G15470|G154|AOH|VNP|AOH|VNP|17:13|22:48|05:35|IS_TIME_NOT_BUY|FMIX4FHuTLpNf0wPQlJhJvoLN5kawBBXSs2PWGQJ/422H0c0|20180520|3|H6|01|08|1|0|||||||||||無|有|5||O0M090|OM9|0", "null|23:00-06:00系統(tǒng)維護時間|5l0000G156R0|G156|AOH|VNP|AOH|VNP|17:18|22:58|05:40|IS_TIME_NOT_BUY|wnJtQjVkFz37b4Xp1eP4obJTdrV9ioOqRUvqvJzy7+AYI7YL|20180520|3|H6|01|09|1|0|||||||||||1|有|17||O0M090|OM9|0", "null|23:00-06:00系統(tǒng)維護時間|5600000G44B0|G44|HGH|VNP|AOH|VNP|17:23|23:08|05:45|IS_TIME_NOT_BUY|4M/BToLy7SoKriz9NLnM6EZwyFF9Tt//rrPb6JCTSb6DtMgW|20180520|3|H6|04|13|1|0|||||||||||8|無|1||O0M090|OM9|0", "null|23:00-06:00系統(tǒng)維護時間|5l0000G158C0|G158|AOH|VNP|AOH|VNP|17:34|23:29|05:55|IS_TIME_NOT_BUY|3qcvQyDRKrXX2hJGyupGQxH/evCUFK0TJKN6KMqh8Lzyu/dQ|20180520|3|H6|01|10|1|0|||||||||||1|有|15||O0M090|OM9|0", "null|23:00-06:00系統(tǒng)維護時間|5l0000G160V0|G160|AOH|VNP|AOH|VNP|17:44|23:48|06:04|IS_TIME_NOT_BUY|Fs4rA/vbQ+b+MOZP5UK4sCe4nmEcE9xJsA1SywdMcZ2otlav|20180520|3|H6|01|10|1|0|||||||||||有|有|有||O0M090|OM9|0", "null|23:00-06:00系統(tǒng)維護時間|5l00000G1829|G18|AOH|VNP|AOH|VNP|18:00|22:36|04:36|IS_TIME_NOT_BUY|NEuxbLCppnaF8Fm+wuVXDFCSMsVBbOGsCrawCMD/YLarh7s3|20180520|3|H6|01|05|1|0|||||||||||1|5|4||O0M090|OM9|0", "null|23:00-06:00系統(tǒng)維護時間|550000T11061|T110|SHH|BJP|SHH|BJP|18:02|09:30|15:28|IS_TIME_NOT_BUY|Zqy8vHHz4tA2WNH/H1f8d2PE0pc2k+48QoX2hffwrKeUU8zTljDvKT0kSNLlww66AJUR/1v6ckE=|20180520|3|H3|01|09|0|0||無||無|||有||2|1|||||1040106030|14163|0", "null|23:00-06:00系統(tǒng)維護時間|5l00000G2219|G22|AOH|VNP|AOH|VNP|19:00|23:18|04:18|IS_TIME_NOT_BUY|pbuRJ1NgYwLV0f1B6kNwLT1sMCL9o/+CDoQJ6vd1Kbe3GP+1|20180520|3|H6|01|03|1|0|||||||||||6|3|5||O0M090|OM9|0", "null|23:00-06:00系統(tǒng)維護時間|550000D31270|D312|SHH|VNP|SHH|VNP|19:10|07:07|11:57|IS_TIME_NOT_BUY|QNf6TCZV01wG6pmiy2gz3lg/QUAA/Uvm|20180520|3|H3|01|04|0|0||||5||||||||||1|F040|F4|1", "null|23:00-06:00系統(tǒng)維護時間|550000D32260|D322|SHH|VNP|SHH|VNP|19:53|07:45|11:52|IS_TIME_NOT_BUY|xtuqf0inq39vWyfVaA6GfBad2dPnjBk6|20180520|3|H3|01|03|0|0||||有|||||||無||||O040|O4|0", "null|23:00-06:00系統(tǒng)維護時間|550000D31490|D314|SHH|VNP|SHH|VNP|21:07|08:55|11:48|IS_TIME_NOT_BUY|Lamvi3Rs8Nk3cxG7zey21PJvsuzo7v5O|20180520|3|H3|01|04|0|0||||有|||||||5||||O040|O4|0"],
"flag": "1",
"map": {
"AOH": "上海虹橋",
"BJP": "北京",
"VNP": "北京南",
"SHH": "上海"
}
},
"messages": [],
"validateMessages": {}
}
其中含有的余票信息在result節(jié)點中,這是一個數(shù)組。每個節(jié)點以|分割,我們可以格式化后顯示在自己的界面上:
我這里做的界面比較簡陋,讀者如果有興趣可以做更精美的界面。我們列下這個請求發(fā)送的http數(shù)據(jù)包和應答包:
請求包:
GET /otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2018-05-20&leftTicketDTO.from_station=SHH&leftTicketDTO.to_station=BJP&purpose_codes=ADULT HTTP/1.1
Host: kyfw.12306.cn
Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: no-cache
Accept: */*
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
If-Modified-Since: 0
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.181 Safari/537.36
Referer: https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8
Cookie: RAIL_EXPIRATION=1526978933395; RAIL_DEVICEID=WKxIYg-q1zjIPVu7VjulZ9PqEGvW2gUB9LvoM1Vx8fa7l3SUwnO_BVSatbTq506c6VYNOaxAiRaUcGFTMjCz9cPayEIc9vJ0pHaXdSqDlujJP8YrIoXbpAAs60l99z8bEtnHgAJzxLzKiv2nka5nmLY_BMNur8b8; _jc_save_fromStation=%u4E0A%u6D77%2CSHH; _jc_save_toStation=%u5317%u4EAC%2CBJP; _jc_save_fromDate=2018-05-20; _jc_save_toDate=2018-05-19; _jc_save_wfdc_flag=dc
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 19 May 2018 15:23:58 GMT
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
ct: C1_217_85_8
Content-Encoding: gzip
Age: 1
X-Via: 1.1 houdianxin183:6 (Cdn Cache Server V2.0)
Connection: keep-alive
X-Dscp-Value: 0
X-Cdn-Src-Port: 33963
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store
通過上一篇文章《從零實現(xiàn)一個http服務器》我們知道這是一個http GET請求,其中在url后面是請求附帶的參數(shù):
leftTicketDTO.train_date: 2018-05-20
leftTicketDTO.from_station: SHH
leftTicketDTO.to_station: BJP
purpose_codes: ADULT
這四個參數(shù)分別是購票日期、出發(fā)站、到達站和票類型(這里是成人票(普通票)),正好對應我們界面上的查詢信息:
但是,讀者可能會問,這里的出發(fā)站和到達站分別是SHH和BJP,這些站點代碼,我如何獲得呢?因為只有知道這些站點編碼我才能自己購買指定出發(fā)站和到達站的火車票啊。如果您是一位細心的人,您肯定會想到,我們查票的時候再進入查票頁面,這些站點信息就已經(jīng)有了,那么可能是在這個查票頁面加載時,從服務器請求的站點信息,所以我們刷新下查票頁面,發(fā)現(xiàn)果然是這樣:
進入查票頁面之前,瀏覽器從https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9053下載一個叫station.name.js文件,這是一個javascript腳本,里面只有一行代碼,就是定義了一個station_names的js變量,之所以url地址后面加一個station_version=1.9053,你可以理解成版本號,但是主要是通過一個隨機值1.9053,讓瀏覽器不要使用緩存中的station_name.js,而是每次都從服務器重新加載下這個文件,這樣的話如果站點信息有更新,也可以避免因為緩存問題,導致本地的緩存與服務器上的站點信息不一致。由于站點信息比較多,我們截個圖吧:
看上圖,我們可以看出來,每個站點信息都是通過@符號分割,然后通過|分割每一個站點的各種信息。這樣的話,根據(jù)上文的格式假如我們要查詢2018年5月30日從長春到南京的火車普通票,就可以通過網(wǎng)址https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2018-05-30&leftTicketDTO.from_station=CCT&leftTicketDTO.to_station=NJH&purpose_codes=ADULT。
當然,這里需要說明一下的就是,由于全國的火車站點信息文件比較大,我們程序解析起來時間較長,加上火車站編碼信息并不是經(jīng)常變動,所以,我們我們沒必要每次都下載這個station_name.js,所以我在寫程序模擬這個請求時,一般先看本地有沒有這個文件,如果有就使用本地的,沒有才發(fā)http請求向12306服務器請求。這里我貼下我請求站點信息的程序代碼(C++代碼):
/**
* 獲取全國車站信息
* @param si 返回的車站信息
* @param bForceDownload 強制從網(wǎng)絡上下載,即不使用本地副本
*/
bool GetStationInfo(vector<stationinfo>& si, bool bForceDownload = false);
#define URL_STATION_NAMES? ?"https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9053"
bool Client12306::GetStationInfo(vector<stationinfo>& si, bool bForceDownload/* = false*/)
{
FILE* pfile;
pfile = fopen("station_name.js", "rt+");
//文件不存在,則必須下載
if (pfile == NULL)
{
bForceDownload = true;
}
string strResponse;
if (bForceDownload)
{
if (pfile != NULL)
fclose(pfile);
pfile = fopen("station_name.js", "wt+");
if (pfile == NULL)
{
LogError("Unable to create station_name.js");
return false;
}
CURLcode res;
CURL* curl = curl_easy_init();
if (NULL == curl)
{
fclose(pfile);
return false;
}
//URL_STATION_NAMES
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, URL_STATION_NAMES);
//響應結(jié)果中保留頭部信息
//curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "");
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, NULL);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, OnWriteData);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, (void *)&strResponse);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, 1);
//設定為不驗證證書和HOST
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, false);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, 10);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 10);
res = curl_easy_perform(curl);
bool bError = false;
if (res == CURLE_OK)
{
int code;
res = curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &code);
if (code != 200)
{
bError = true;
LogError("http response code is not 200, code=%d", code);
}
}
else
{
LogError("http request error, error code = %d", res);
bError = true;
}
curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
if (bError)
{
fclose(pfile);
return !bError;
}
if (fwrite(strResponse.data(), strResponse.length(), 1, pfile) != 1)
{
LogError("Write data to station_name.js error");
return false;
}
fclose(pfile);
}
//直接讀取文件
else
{
//得到文件大小
fseek(pfile, 0, SEEK_END);
int length = ftell(pfile);
if (length < 0)
{
LogError("invalid station_name.js file");
fclose(pfile);
}
fseek(pfile, 0, SEEK_SET);
length++;
char* buf = new char[length];
memset(buf, 0, length*sizeof(char));
if (fread(buf, length-1, 1, pfile) != 1)
{
LogError("read station_name.js file error");
fclose(pfile);
return false;
}
strResponse = buf;
fclose(pfile);
}
/*
返回結(jié)果為一個js文件,
var station_names = '@bjb|北京北|VAP|beijingbei|bjb|0@bjd|北京東|BOP|beijingdong|bjd|1@bji|北京|BJP|beijing|bj|2"
*/
//LogInfo("recv json = %s", strResponse.c_str());
OutputDebugStringA(strResponse.c_str());
vector<string> singleStation;
split(strResponse, "@", singleStation);
size_t size = singleStation.size();
for (size_t i = 1; i < size; ++i)
{
vector<string> v;
split(singleStation[i], "|", v);
if (v.size() < 6)
continue;
stationinfo st;
st.code1 = v[0];
st.hanzi = v[1];
st.code2 = v[2];
st.pingyin = v[3];
st.simplepingyin = v[4];
st.no = atol(v[5].c_str());
si.push_back(st);
}
return true;
}
這里用了一個站點信息結(jié)構體stationinfo,定義如下:
//var station_names = '@bjb|北京北|VAP|beijingbei|bjb|0@bjd|北京東|BOP|beijingdong|bjd|1@bji|北京|BJP|beijing|bj|2
struct stationinfo
{
string code1;
string hanzi;
string code2;
string pingyin;
string simplepingyin;
int no;
};
因為我們這里目的是為了模擬http請求做買火車票相關的操作,而不是技術方面本身,所以為了快速實現(xiàn)我們的目的,我們就使用curl庫。這個庫是一個強大的http相關的庫,例如12306服務器返回的數(shù)據(jù)可能是分塊的(chunked),這個庫也能幫我們組裝好;再例如,服務器返回的數(shù)據(jù)是使用gzip格式壓縮的,curl也會幫我們自動解壓好。所以,接下來的所有12306的接口,都基于我封裝的curl庫一個接口:
/**
* 發(fā)送一個http請求
*@param url 請求的url
*@param strResponse http響應結(jié)果
*@param get true為GET,false為POST
*@param headers 附帶發(fā)送的http頭信息
*@param postdata post附帶的數(shù)據(jù)
*@param bReserveHeaders http響應結(jié)果是否保留頭部信息
*@param timeout http請求超時時間
*/
bool HttpRequest(const char* url, string& strResponse, bool get = true, const char* headers = NULL, const char* postdata = NULL, bool bReserveHeaders = false, int timeout = 10);
函數(shù)各種參數(shù)已經(jīng)在函數(shù)注釋中寫的清清楚楚了,這里就不一一解釋了。這個函數(shù)的實現(xiàn)代碼如下:
bool Client12306::HttpRequest(const char* url,
string& strResponse,
bool get/* = true*/,
const char* headers/* = NULL*/,
const char* postdata/* = NULL*/,
bool bReserveHeaders/* = false*/,
int timeout/* = 10*/)
{
CURLcode res;
CURL* curl = curl_easy_init();
if (NULL == curl)
{
LogError("curl lib init error");
return false;
}
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, url);
//響應結(jié)果中保留頭部信息
if (bReserveHeaders)
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "");
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, NULL);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, OnWriteData);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, (void *)&strResponse);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, 1);
//設定為不驗證證書和HOST
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, false);
//設置超時時間
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, timeout);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, timeout);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_REFERER, URL_REFERER);
//12306早期版本是不需要USERAGENT這個字段的,現(xiàn)在必須了,估計是為了避免一些第三方的非法刺探吧。
//如果沒有這個字段,會返回
/*
HTTP/1.0 302 Moved Temporarily
Location: http://www.12306.cn/mormhweb/logFiles/error.html
Server: Cdn Cache Server V2.0
Mime-Version: 1.0
Date: Fri, 18 May 2018 02:52:05 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 0
Expires: Fri, 18 May 2018 02:52:05 GMT
X-Via: 1.0 PSshgqdxxx63:10 (Cdn Cache Server V2.0)
Connection: keep-alive
X-Dscp-Value: 0
*/
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/65.0.3325.146 Safari/537.36");
//不設置接收的編碼格式或者設置為空,libcurl會自動解壓壓縮的格式,如gzip
//curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip, deflate, br");
//添加自定義頭信息
if (headers != NULL)
{
//LogInfo("http custom header: %s", headers);
struct curl_slist *chunk = NULL;
chunk = curl_slist_append(chunk, headers);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, chunk);
}
if (!get && postdata != NULL)
{
//LogInfo("http post data: %s", postdata);
curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, postdata);
}
LogInfo("http %s: url=%s, headers=%s, postdata=%s", get ? "get" : "post", url, headers != NULL ? headers : "", postdata!=NULL?postdata : "");
res = curl_easy_perform(curl);
bool bError = false;
if (res == CURLE_OK)
{
int code;
res = curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &code);
if (code != 200 && code != 302)
{
bError = true;
LogError("http response code is not 200 or 302, code=%d", code);
}
}
else
{
LogError("http request error, error code = %d", res);
bError = true;
}
curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
LogInfo("http response: %s", strResponse.c_str());
return !bError;
}
正如上面注釋中所提到的,瀏覽器在發(fā)送http請求時帶的一些字段,我們不是必須的,如查票接口瀏覽器可能會發(fā)以下http數(shù)據(jù)包:
GET /otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2018-05-30&leftTicketDTO.from_station=SHH&leftTicketDTO.to_station=BJP&purpose_codes=ADULT HTTP/1.1
Host: kyfw.12306.cn
Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: no-cache
Accept: */*
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
If-Modified-Since: 0
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.181 Safari/537.36
Referer: https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8
Cookie: JSESSIONID=ACD9CB098169C4D73CDE80D6F6C38E5A; RAIL_EXPIRATION=1526978933395; RAIL_DEVICEID=WKxIYg-q1zjIPVu7VjulZ9PqEGvW2gUB9LvoM1Vx8fa7l3SUwnO_BVSatbTq506c6VYNOaxAiRaUcGFTMjCz9cPayEIc9vJ0pHaXdSqDlujJP8YrIoXbpAAs60l99z8bEtnHgAJzxLzKiv2nka5nmLY_BMNur8b8; _jc_save_fromStation=%u4E0A%u6D77%2CSHH; _jc_save_toStation=%u5317%u4EAC%2CBJP; _jc_save_wfdc_flag=dc; route=c5c62a339e7744272a54643b3be5bf64; BIGipServerotn=1708720394.50210.0000; _jc_save_fromDate=2018-05-30; _jc_save_toDate=2018-05-20
其中像Connection、Cache-Control、Accept、If-Modified-Since等字段都不是必須的,所以我們在模擬我們自己的http請求時可以不用可以添加這些字段,當然據(jù)我觀察,12306服務器現(xiàn)在對發(fā)送過來的http數(shù)據(jù)包要求越來越嚴格了,如去年的時候,User-Agent這個字段還不是必須的,現(xiàn)在如果你不帶上這個字段,可能12306返回的結(jié)果就不一定正確。當然,不正確的結(jié)果中一定不會有明確的錯誤信息,充其量可能會告訴你頁面不存在或者系統(tǒng)繁忙請稍后再試,這是服務器自我保護的一種重要的措施,試想你做服務器程序,會告訴非法用戶明確的錯誤信息嗎?那樣不就給了非法×××服務器的人不斷重試的機會了嘛。
需要特別注意的是:查票接口發(fā)送的http協(xié)議的頭還有一個字段叫Cookie,其值是一串非常奇怪的東西:JSESSIONID=ACD9CB098169C4D73CDE80D6F6C38E5A; RAIL_EXPIRATION=1526978933395; RAIL_DEVICEID=WKxIYg-q1zjIPVu7VjulZ9PqEGvW2gUB9LvoM1Vx8fa7l3SUwnO_BVSatbTq506c6VYNOaxAiRaUcGFTMjCz9cPayEIc9vJ0pHaXdSqDlujJP8YrIoXbpAAs60l99z8bEtnHgAJzxLzKiv2nka5nmLY_BMNur8b8; _jc_save_fromStation=%u4E0A%u6D77%2CSHH; _jc_save_toStation=%u5317%u4EAC%2CBJP; _jc_save_wfdc_flag=dc; route=c5c62a339e7744272a54643b3be5bf64; BIGipServerotn=1708720394.50210.0000; _jc_save_fromDate=2018-05-30; _jc_save_toDate=2018-05-2。
在這串字符中有一個JSESSIONID,在不需要登錄的查票接口,我們可以傳或者不傳這個字段值。但是在購票以及查詢常用聯(lián)系人這些需要在已經(jīng)登錄的情況下才能進行的操作,我們必須帶上這個數(shù)據(jù),這是服務器給你的token(驗證令牌),而這個令牌是在剛進入12306站點時,服務器發(fā)過來的,你后面的登錄等操作必須帶上這個token,否則服務器會認為您的請求是非法請求。我第一次去研究12306的買票流程時,即使在用戶名、密碼和圖片驗證碼正確的情況下,也無法登錄就是這個原因。這是12306為了防止非法登錄使用的一個安全措施。
二、登錄與拉取圖片驗證碼接口
我的登錄頁面效果如下:
12306的圖片驗證碼一般由八個圖片組成,像上面的“龍舟”文字,也是圖片,這兩處的圖片(文字圖片和驗證碼)都是在服務器上拼裝后,發(fā)給客戶端的,12306服務器上這種類型的小圖片有一定的數(shù)量,雖然數(shù)量比較大,但是是有限的。如果你要做驗證碼自動識別功能,可以嘗試著下載大部分圖片,然后做統(tǒng)計規(guī)律。所以,我這里并沒有做圖片自動識別功能。有興趣的讀者可自行嘗試。
先說下,拉取驗證碼的接口。我們打開Chrome瀏覽器12306的登錄界面:https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init,如下圖所示:
可以得到拉取驗證碼的接口:
我們可以看到發(fā)送的http請求數(shù)據(jù)包格式是:
GET /passport/captcha/captcha-image?login_site=E&module=login&rand=sjrand&0.7520968747611347 HTTP/1.1
Host: kyfw.12306.cn
Connection: keep-alive
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.181 Safari/537.36
Accept: image/webp,image/apng,image/*,*/*;q=0.8
Referer: https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8
Cookie: _passport_session=badc97f6a852499297796ee852515f957153; _passport_ct=9cf4ea17c0dc47b6980cac161483f522t9022; RAIL_EXPIRATION=1526978933395; RAIL_DEVICEID=WKxIYg-q1zjIPVu7VjulZ9PqEGvW2gUB9LvoM1Vx8fa7l3SUwnO_BVSatbTq506c6VYNOaxAiRaUcGFTMjCz9cPayEIc9vJ0pHaXdSqDlujJP8YrIoXbpAAs60l99z8bEtnHgAJzxLzKiv2nka5nmLY_BMNur8b8; _jc_save_fromStation=%u4E0A%u6D77%2CSHH; _jc_save_toStation=%u5317%u4EAC%2CBJP; _jc_save_wfdc_flag=dc; route=c5c62a339e7744272a54643b3be5bf64; BIGipServerotn=1708720394.50210.0000; _jc_save_fromDate=2018-05-30; _jc_save_toDate=2018-05-20; BIGipServerpassport=837288202.50215.0000
這里也是一個http GET請求,Host、Referer和Cookie這三個字段是必須的,且Cookie字段必須帶上上文說的JSESSIONID,下載圖片驗證碼和下文中各個步驟也必須在Cookie字段中帶上這個JSESSIONID值,否則無法從12306服務器得到正確的應答。后面會介紹如何拿到這個這。這個拉取圖片驗證碼的http GET請求需要三個參數(shù),如上面的代碼段所示,即login_site、module、rand和一個類似于0.7520968747611347的隨機值,前三個字段的值都是固定的,module字段表示當前是哪個模塊,當前是登錄模塊,所以值是login,后面獲取最近聯(lián)系人時取值是passenger。這里還有一個需要注意的地方是,如果您驗證圖片驗證碼失敗時,重新請求圖片時,必須也重新請求下JSESSIONID。這個url是https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init。http請求和應答包如下:
請求包:
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Connection: keep-alive
Cookie: RAIL_EXPIRATION=1526978933395; RAIL_DEVICEID=WKxIYg-q1zjIPVu7VjulZ9PqEGvW2gUB9LvoM1Vx8fa7l3SUwnO_BVSatbTq506c6VYNOaxAiRaUcGFTMjCz9cPayEIc9vJ0pHaXdSqDlujJP8YrIoXbpAAs60l99z8bEtnHgAJzxLzKiv2nka5nmLY_BMNur8b8; _jc_save_fromStation=%u4E0A%u6D77%2CSHH; _jc_save_toStation=%u5317%u4EAC%2CBJP; _jc_save_wfdc_flag=dc; route=c5c62a339e7744272a54643b3be5bf64; BIGipServerotn=1708720394.50210.0000; _jc_save_fromDate=2018-05-30; _jc_save_toDate=2018-05-20; BIGipServerpassport=837288202.50215.0000
Host: kyfw.12306.cn
Referer: https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/passport?redirect=/otn/login/loginOut
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.181 Safari/537.36
應答包:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sun, 20 May 2018 02:23:53 GMT
Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=D5AE154D66F67DE53BF70420C772158F; Path=/otn
ct: C1_217_101_6
Content-Language: zh-CN
Content-Encoding: gzip
X-Via: 1.1 houdianxin184:4 (Cdn Cache Server V2.0)
Connection: keep-alive
X-Dscp-Value: 0
X-Cdn-Src-Port: 46480
這個值在應答包字段Set-Cookie中拿到:
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=D5AE154D66F67DE53BF70420C772158F; Path=/otn
所以,我們每次請求圖片驗證碼時,都重新請求一下這個JSESSIONID,代碼如下:
#define URL_LOGIN_INIT "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init"
bool Client12306::loginInit()
{
string strResponse;
if (!HttpRequest(URL_LOGIN_INIT, strResponse, true, "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1", NULL, true, 10))
{
LogError("loginInit failed");
return false;
}
if (!GetCookies(strResponse))
{
LogError("parse login init cookie error, url=%s", URL_LOGIN_INIT);
return false;
}
return true;
}
bool Client12306::GetCookies(const string& data)
{
if (data.empty())
{
LogError("http data is empty");
return false;
}
//解析http頭部
string str;
str.append(data.c_str(), data.length());
size_t n = str.find("\r\n\r\n");
string header = str.substr(0, n);
str.erase(0, n + 4);
//m_cookie.clear();
//獲取http頭中的JSESSIONID=21AC68643BBE893FBDF3DA9BCF654E98;
vector<string> v;
while (true)
{
size_t index = header.find("\r\n");
if (index == string::npos)
break;
string tmp = header.substr(0, index);
v.push_back(tmp);
header.erase(0, index + 2);
if (header.empty())
break;
}
string jsessionid;
string BIGipServerotn;
string BIGipServerportal;
string current_captcha_type;
size_t m;
OutputDebugStringA("\nresponse http headers:\n");
for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)
{
OutputDebugStringA(v[i].c_str());
OutputDebugStringA("\n");
m = v[i].find("Set-Cookie: ");
if (m == string::npos)
continue;
string tmp = v[i].substr(11);
Trim(tmp);
m = tmp.find("JSESSIONID");
if (m != string::npos)
{
size_t comma = tmp.find(";");
if (comma != string::npos)
jsessionid = tmp.substr(0, comma);
}
m = tmp.find("BIGipServerotn");
if (m != string::npos)
{
size_t comma = tmp.find(";");
if (comma != string::npos)
BIGipServerotn = tmp.substr(m, comma);
else
BIGipServerotn = tmp;
}
m = tmp.find("BIGipServerportal");
if (m != string::npos)
{
size_t comma = tmp.find(";");
if (comma != string::npos)
BIGipServerportal = tmp.substr(m, comma);
else
BIGipServerportal = tmp;
}
m = tmp.find("current_captcha_type");
if (m != string::npos)
{
size_t comma = tmp.find(";");
if (comma != string::npos)
current_captcha_type = tmp.substr(m, comma);
else
current_captcha_type = tmp;
}
}
if (!jsessionid.empty())
{
m_strCookies = jsessionid;
m_strCookies += "; ";
m_strCookies += BIGipServerotn;
if (!BIGipServerportal.empty())
{
m_strCookies += "; ";
m_strCookies += BIGipServerportal;
}
m_strCookies += "; ";
m_strCookies += current_captcha_type;
return true;
}
LogError("jsessionid is empty");
return false;
}
#define URL_GETPASSCODENEW "https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/captcha/captcha-image"
bool Client12306::DownloadVCodeImage(const char* module)
{
if (module == NULL)
{
LogError("module is invalid");
return false;
}
//https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/captcha/captcha-image?login_site=E&module=login&rand=sjrand&0.06851784300754482
ostringstream osUrl;
osUrl << URL_GETPASSCODENEW;
osUrl << "?login_site=E&module=";
osUrl << module;
//購票驗證碼
if (strcmp(module, "passenger") != 0)
{
osUrl << "&rand=sjrand&";
}
//登錄驗證碼
else
{
osUrl << "&rand=randp&";
}
double d = rand() * 1.000000 / RAND_MAX;
osUrl.precision(17);
osUrl << d;
string strResponse;
string strCookie = "Cookie: ";
strCookie += m_strCookies;
if (!HttpRequest(osUrl.str().c_str(), strResponse, true, strCookie.c_str(), NULL, false, 10))
{
LogError("DownloadVCodeImage failed");
return false;
}
//寫入文件
time_t now = time(NULL);
struct tm* tblock = localtime(&now);
memset(m_szCurrVCodeName, 0, sizeof(m_szCurrVCodeName));
#ifdef _DEBUG
sprintf(m_szCurrVCodeName, "vcode%04d%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d.jpg",
1900 + tblock->tm_year, 1 + tblock->tm_mon, tblock->tm_mday,
tblock->tm_hour, tblock->tm_min, tblock->tm_sec);
#else
sprintf(m_szCurrVCodeName, "vcode%04d%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d.v",
1900 + tblock->tm_year, 1 + tblock->tm_mon, tblock->tm_mday,
tblock->tm_hour, tblock->tm_min, tblock->tm_sec);
#endif
FILE* fp = fopen(m_szCurrVCodeName, "wb");
if (fp == NULL)
{
LogError("open file %s error", m_szCurrVCodeName);
return false;
}
const char* p = strResponse.data();
size_t count = fwrite(p, strResponse.length(), 1, fp);
if (count != 1)
{
LogError("write file %s error", m_szCurrVCodeName);
fclose(fp);
return false;
}
fclose(fp);
return true;
}
我們再看下驗證碼去服務器驗證的接口https://kyfw.12306.cn/passport/captcha/captcha-check。
請求頭:
POST /passport/captcha/captcha-check HTTP/1.1
Host: kyfw.12306.cn
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 50
Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
Origin: https://kyfw.12306.cn
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.181 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
Referer: https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8
Cookie: _passport_session=3e39a33a25bf4ea79146bd9362c11ad62327; _passport_ct=c5c7940e08ce44db9ad05d213c1296ddt4410; RAIL_EXPIRATION=1526978933395; RAIL_DEVICEID=WKxIYg-q1zjIPVu7VjulZ9PqEGvW2gUB9LvoM1Vx8fa7l3SUwnO_BVSatbTq506c6VYNOaxAiRaUcGFTMjCz9cPayEIc9vJ0pHaXdSqDlujJP8YrIoXbpAAs60l99z8bEtnHgAJzxLzKiv2nka5nmLY_BMNur8b8; _jc_save_fromStation=%u4E0A%u6D77%2CSHH; _jc_save_toStation=%u5317%u4EAC%2CBJP; _jc_save_wfdc_flag=dc; route=c5c62a339e7744272a54643b3be5bf64; BIGipServerotn=1708720394.50210.0000; _jc_save_fromDate=2018-05-30; _jc_save_toDate=2018-05-20; BIGipServerpassport=837288202.50215.0000
這是一個POST請求,其中POST數(shù)據(jù)帶上的輸入的圖片驗證碼選擇的坐標X和Y值:
answer: 175,58,30,51
login_site: E
rand: sjrand
這里我選擇了兩張圖片,所以有兩組坐標值,(175,58)是一組,(30,51)是另外一組,這個坐標系如下:
因為每個圖片的尺寸都一樣,所以,我可以給每個圖片設置一個坐標范圍,當選擇了一個圖片,給一個在其中的坐標即可,不一定是鼠標點擊時的準確位置:
//刷新驗證碼 登錄狀態(tài)下的驗證碼傳入”randp“,非登錄傳入”sjrand“ 具體參看原otsweb中的傳入?yún)?shù)
struct VCodePosition
{
int x;
int y;
};
const VCodePosition g_pos[] =
{
{ 39, 40 },
{ 114, 43 },
{ 186, 42 },
{ 252, 47 },
{ 36, 120 },
{ 115, 125 },
{ 194, 125 },
{ 256, 120 }
};
//驗證碼圖片八個區(qū)塊的位置
struct VCODE_SLICE_POS
{
int xLeft;
int xRight;
int yTop;
int yBottom;
};
const VCODE_SLICE_POS g_VCodeSlicePos[] =
{
{0, 70, 0, 70},
{71, 140, 0, 70 },
{141, 210, 0, 70 },
{211, 280, 0, 70 },
{ 0, 70, 70, 140 },
{71, 140, 70, 140 },
{141, 210, 70, 140 },
{211, 280, 70, 140 }
};
//8個驗證碼區(qū)塊的鼠標點擊狀態(tài)
bool g_bVodeSlice1Pressed[8] = { false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false};
驗證的圖片驗證碼的接口代碼是:
int Client12306::checkRandCodeAnsyn(const char* vcode)
{
string param;
param = "randCode=";
param += vcode;
param += "&rand=sjrand"; //passenger:randp
string strResponse;
string strCookie = "Cookie: ";
strCookie += m_strCookies;
if (!HttpRequest(URL_CHECKRANDCODEANSYN, strResponse, false, strCookie.c_str(), param.c_str(), false, 10))
{
LogError("checkRandCodeAnsyn failed");
return -1;
}
///** 成功返回
//HTTP/1.1 200 OK
//Date: Thu, 05 Jan 2017 07:44:16 GMT
//Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1
//X-Powered-By: Servlet 2.5; JBoss-5.0/JBossWeb-2.1
//ct: c1_103
//Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
//Content-Length: 144
//X-Via: 1.1 jiandianxin29:6 (Cdn Cache Server V2.0)
//Connection: keep-alive
//X-Cdn-Src-Port: 19153
//參數(shù)無效
//{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":{"result":"0","msg":""},"messages":[],"validateMessages":{}}
//驗證碼過期
//{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":{"result":"0","msg":"EXPIRED"},"messages":[],"validateMessages":{}}
//驗證碼錯誤
//{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":{"result":"1","msg":"FALSE"},"messages":[],"validateMessages":{}}
//驗證碼正確
//{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":{"result":"1","msg":"TRUE"},"messages":[],"validateMessages":{}}
Json::Reader JsonReader;
Json::Value JsonRoot;
if (!JsonReader.parse(strResponse, JsonRoot))
return -1;
//{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage", "status" : true, "httpstatus" : 200, "data" : {"result":"1", "msg" : "TRUE"}, "messages" : [], "validateMessages" : {}}
if (JsonRoot["status"].isNull() || JsonRoot["status"].asBool() != true)
return -1;
if (JsonRoot["httpstatus"].isNull() || JsonRoot["httpstatus"].asInt() != 200)
return -1;
if (JsonRoot["data"].isNull() || !JsonRoot["data"].isObject())
return -1;
if (JsonRoot["data"]["result"].isNull())
return -1;
if (JsonRoot["data"]["result"].asString() != "1" && JsonRoot["data"]["result"].asString() != "0")
return -1;
if (JsonRoot["data"]["msg"].isNull())
return -1;
//if (JsonRoot["data"]["msg"].asString().empty())
// return -1;
if (JsonRoot["data"]["msg"].asString() == "")
return 0;
else if (JsonRoot["data"]["msg"].asString() == "FALSE")
return 1;
return 1;
}
同理,這里也給出驗證用戶名和密碼的接口實現(xiàn)代碼:
int Client12306::loginAysnSuggest(const char* user, const char* pass, const char* vcode)
{
string param = "loginUserDTO.user_name=";
param += user;
param += "&userDTO.password=";
param += pass;
param += "&randCode=";
param += vcode;
string strResponse;
string strCookie = "Cookie: ";
strCookie += m_strCookies;
if (!HttpRequest(URL_LOGINAYSNSUGGEST, strResponse, false, strCookie.c_str(), param.c_str(), false, 10))
{
LogError("loginAysnSuggest failed");
return 2;
}
///** 成功返回
//HTTP/1.1 200 OK
//Date: Thu, 05 Jan 2017 07:49:53 GMT
//Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1
//X-Powered-By: Servlet 2.5; JBoss-5.0/JBossWeb-2.1
//ct: c1_103
//Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
//Content-Length: 146
//X-Via: 1.1 f186:10 (Cdn Cache Server V2.0)
//Connection: keep-alive
//X-Cdn-Src-Port: 48361
//郵箱不存在
//{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":{},"messages":["該郵箱不存在。"],"validateMessages":{}}
//密碼錯誤
//{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":{},"messages":["密碼輸入錯誤。如果輸錯次數(shù)超過4次,用戶將被鎖定。"],"validateMessages":{}}
//登錄成功
//{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":{"otherMsg":"",loginCheck:"Y"},"messages":[],"validateMessages":{}}
//WCHAR* psz1 = Utf8ToAnsi(strResponse.c_str());
//wstring str = psz1;
//delete[] psz1;
Json::Reader JsonReader;
Json::Value JsonRoot;
if (!JsonReader.parse(strResponse, JsonRoot))
return 2;
//{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage", "status" : true,
//"httpstatus" : 200, "data" : {"otherMsg":"", loginCheck : "Y"}, "messages" : [], "validateMessages" : {}}
if (JsonRoot["status"].isNull())
return -1;
bool bStatus = JsonRoot["status"].asBool();
if (!bStatus)
return -1;
if (JsonRoot["httpstatus"].isNull() || JsonRoot["httpstatus"].asInt() != 200)
return 2;
if (JsonRoot["data"].isNull() || !JsonRoot["data"].isObject())
return 2;
if (JsonRoot["data"]["otherMsg"].isNull() || JsonRoot["data"]["otherMsg"].asString() != "")
return 2;
if (JsonRoot["data"]["loginCheck"].isNull() || JsonRoot["data"]["loginCheck"].asString() != "Y")
return 1;
return 0;
}
這里還有個注意細節(jié),就是通過POST請求發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)需要對一些符號做URL Encode,這個我在上一篇文章《從零實現(xiàn)一個http服務器》也詳細做了介紹,還不清楚的可以參見上一篇文章。所以對于向圖片驗證碼坐標信息中含有的逗號信息就要進行URL編碼,從
answer=114,54,44,46&login_site=E&rand=sjrand
變成
answer=114%2C54%2C44%2C46&login_site=E&rand=sjrand
所以,在http包頭中指定的Content-Length字段的值應該是編碼后的字符串長度,而不是原始的長度,這個地方特別容易出錯。
如果驗證成功后,接下來就是查票和購票了。這里就不一一介紹了,所有的原理都是一樣的,作者可以自行探索。當然,我已經(jīng)將所有的接口都探索完了,并實現(xiàn)了,我這里貼一下吧:
/**
*@desc: 封裝獲取驗證碼、校驗驗證碼、登錄等12306各個請求的類,Client12306.h文件
*@author: zhangyl
*@date: 2017.01.17
*/
#ifndef __CLIENT_12306_H__
#define __CLIENT_12306_H__
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
//車次類型
#define TRAIN_GC 0x00000001
#define TRAIN_D (0x00000001 << 1)
#define TRAIN_Z (0x00000001 << 2)
#define TRAIN_T (0x00000001 << 3)
#define TRAIN_K (0x00000001 << 4)
#define TRAIN_OTHER (0x00000001 << 5)
#define TRAIN_ALL (TRAIN_GC | TRAIN_D | TRAIN_Z | TRAIN_T | TRAIN_K | TRAIN_OTHER)
//票信息
struct queryLeftNewDTO
{
string train_no;
string station_train_code;
string start_station_telecode; //始發(fā)站
string start_station_name;
string end_station_telecode; //終點站
string end_station_name;
string from_station_telecode; //出發(fā)站
string from_station_name; //到達站
string to_station_telecode;
string to_station_name;
string start_time;
string arrive_time;
string day_difference;
string train_class_name;
string lishi;
string canWebBuy;
string lishiValue;
string yp_info;
string control_train_day;
string start_train_date;
string seat_feature;
string yp_ex;
string train_seat_feature;
string seat_types;
string location_code;
string from_station_no;
string to_station_no;
string control_day;
string sale_time;
string is_support_card;
string controlled_train_flag;
string controlled_train_message;
string train_type_code;
string start_province_code;
string start_city_code;
string end_province_code;
string end_city_code;
string swz_num; //商務座
string rz_num; //軟座
string yz_num; //硬座
string gr_num; //高級軟臥
string rw_num; //軟臥
string yw_num; //硬臥
string tz_num; //特等座
string zy_num; //一等座
string ze_num; //二等座
string wz_num; //無座
string gg_num;
string yb_num;
string qt_num;
};
struct ticketinfo
{
queryLeftNewDTO DTO;
string secretStr;
string buttonTextInfo;
};
//var station_names = '@bjb|北京北|VAP|beijingbei|bjb|0@bjd|北京東|BOP|beijingdong|bjd|1@bji|北京|BJP|beijing|bj|2
struct stationinfo
{
string code1;
string hanzi;
string code2;
string pingyin;
string simplepingyin;
int no;
};
struct passenager
{
string code; //"8"
string passenger_name; //"范蠡"
string sex_code;// "M"
string sex_name; // "男"
string born_date; //"1989-12-08 00:00:00"
string country_code;// "CN"
string passenger_id_type_code;// "1"
string passenger_id_type_name; // "×××"
string passenger_id_no; // "14262319781108815X"
string passenger_type; // "1"
string passenger_flag; // "0"
string passenger_type_name; // "成人"
string mobile_no; // "13917043320"
string phone_no;
string email; // "balloonwj@qq.com"
string address; // ""
string postalcode; // ""
string first_letter;// ""
string recordCount;// "13"
string total_times;// "99"
string index_id;// "0"
};
class Client12306
{
public:
static Client12306& GetInstance();
private:
Client12306();
~Client12306();
private:
Client12306(const Client12306&);
Client12306& operator=(const Client12306&);
public:
bool ReloadVCodeImage();
/**
* 游客查票
* https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2017-05-24&leftTicketDTO.from_station=BJP&leftTicketDTO.to_station=SHH&purpose_codes=ADULT
* 應答:{“validateMessagesShowId”:”_validatorMessage”,”status”:true,”httpstatus”:200,”messages”:[],”validateMessages”:{}}
*@param: train_date列車發(fā)車日期,格式:2017-01-28
*@param: from_station出發(fā)站,格式:SHH 對應上海
*@parma: to_station到站,格式:BJP 對應北京
*@param: purpose_codes 票類型,成人票:ADULT 學生票:0X00
*@param: v 查票結(jié)果
*/
bool GuestQueryTicket(const char* train_date, const char* from_station, const char* to_station, const char* purpose_codes, vector<ticketinfo>& v);
/**
* 初始化session,獲取JSESSIONID
*/
bool loginInit();
bool DownloadVCodeImage(const char* module = "login");
/**
*@return 0校驗成功;1校驗失??;2校驗出錯
*/
int checkRandCodeAnsyn(const char* vcode);
/**
*@return 0校驗成功;1校驗失?。?校驗出錯
*/
int loginAysnSuggest(const char* user, const char* pass, const char* vcode);
/**
* 正式登錄
*/
bool userLogin();
/**
* 模擬12306跳轉(zhuǎn)
*/
bool initMy12306();
/**
* 拉取乘客買票驗證碼
*/
//bool GetVCodeImage();
/**
* 拉取乘客買票驗證碼
*/
/**
* 查詢余票第一步
* https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/log?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2017-02-08&leftTicketDTO.from_station=SHH&leftTicketDTO.to_station=NJH&purpose_codes=ADULT
* 應答:{“validateMessagesShowId”:”_validatorMessage”,”status”:true,”httpstatus”:200,”messages”:[],”validateMessages”:{}}
*@param: train_date列車發(fā)車日期,格式:2017-01-28
*@param: from_station出發(fā)站,格式:SHH 對應上海
*@parma: to_station到站,格式:BJP 對應北京
*@param: purpose_codes 票類型,成人票:ADULT 學生票:0X00
*/
bool QueryTickets1(const char* train_date, const char* from_station, const char* to_station, const char* purpose_codes);
/**
* 查詢余票第二步
* 這幾種情形都有可能,所以應該都嘗試一下
* https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryZ?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2017-02-08&leftTicketDTO.from_station=SHH&leftTicketDTO.to_station=NJH&purpose_codes=ADULT
* https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/queryX?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2017-02-08&leftTicketDTO.from_station=SHH&leftTicketDTO.to_station=NJH&purpose_codes=ADULT
* https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2017-02-08&leftTicketDTO.from_station=SHH&leftTicketDTO.to_station=NJH&purpose_codes=ADULT
* {"status":false,"c_url":"leftTicket/query","c_name":"CLeftTicketUrl"}
* {"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"messages":["非法請求"],"validateMessages":{}}
* 應答中含有實際余票信息
*@param: train_date列車發(fā)車日期,格式:2017-01-28
*@param: from_station出發(fā)站,格式:SHH 對應上海
*@parma: to_station到站,格式:BJP 對應北京
*@param: purpose_codes 票類型,成人票:ADULT 學生票:0X00
*/
bool QueryTickets2(const char* train_date, const char* from_station, const char* to_station, const char* purpose_codes, vector<ticketinfo>& v);
/**
* 檢測用戶是否登錄
* https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/checkUser POST _json_att=
* Cookie: JSESSIONID=0A01D967FCD9827FC664E43DEE3C7C6EF950F677C2; __NRF=86A7CBA739653C1CC2C3C3AA7C88A1E3; BIGipServerotn=1742274826.64545.0000; BIGipServerportal=3134456074.17695.0000; current_captcha_type=Z; _jc_save_fromStation=%u4E0A%u6D77%2CSHH; _jc_save_toStation=%u5357%u4EAC%2CNJH; _jc_save_fromDate=2017-01-22; _jc_save_toDate=2017-01-22; _jc_save_wfdc_flag=dc
* {"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":{"flag":true},"messages":[],"validateMessages":{}}
*/
bool checkUser();
/**
* 預提交訂單 POST
* https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/submitOrderRequest?secretStr=secretStr&train_date=2017-01-21&back_train_date=2016-12-23&tour_flag=dc&purpose_codes=ADULT&query_from_station_name=深圳&query_to_station_name=武漢&undefined=
*/
bool submitOrderRequest(const char* secretStr, const char* train_date, const char* back_train_date, const char* tour_flag, const char* purpose_codes, const char* query_from_station_name, const char* query_to_station_name);
/**
* 模擬跳轉(zhuǎn)頁面InitDc,Post
*/
bool initDc();
/**
* 拉取常用聯(lián)系人 POST
* https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/getPassengerDTOs?_json_att=&REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN=SubmitToken
*/
bool getPassengerDTOs(vector<passenager>& v);
/**
* 購票人確定
* https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/checkOrderInfo
@param oldPassengerStr oldPassengerStr組成的格式:乘客名,passenger_id_type_code,passenger_id_no,passenger_type,’_’
示例: 范蠡,1,14262319781108815X,1_
@param passengerTicketStr passengerTicketStr組成的格式:seatType,0,票類型(成人票填1),乘客名,passenger_id_type_code,passenger_id_no,mobile_no,’N’
示例: O,0,1,范蠡,1,14262319781108815X,13917043320,N 101
@tour_flag dc表示單程票
應答:{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":{"ifShowPassCode":"N","canChooseBeds":"N","canChooseSeats":"N","choose_Seats":"MOP9","isCanChooseMid":"N","ifShowPassCodeTime":"1","submitStatus":true,"smokeStr":""},"messages":[],"validateMessages":{}}
*/
bool checkOrderInfo(const char* oldPassengerStr, const char* passengerTicketStr, const char* tour_flag, bool& bVerifyVCode);
/**
* 準備進入排隊
* https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/getQueueCount
_json_att 10
fromStationTelecode VNP 23
leftTicket enu80ehMzuVJlK2Q43c6kn5%2BzQF41LEI6Nr14JuzThrooN57 63
purpose_codes 00 16
REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN 691c09b5605e46bfb2ec2380ee65de0e 52
seatType O 10
stationTrainCode G5 19
toStationTelecode AOH 21
train_date Fri Feb 10 00:00:00 UTC+0800 2017 50
train_location P2 17
train_no 24000000G502 21
應答:{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":{"count":"4","ticket":"669","op_2":"false","countT":"0","op_1":"true"},"messages":[],"validateMessages":{}}
*/
bool getQueueCount(const char* fromStationTelecode, const char* leftTicket, const char* purpose_codes, const char* seatType, const char* stationTrainCode, const char* toStationTelecode, const char* train_date, const char* train_location, const char* train_no);
/**
* 確認購買
* https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/confirmSingleForQueue
_json_att 10
choose_seats 13
dwAll N 7
key_check_isChange 7503FD317E01E290C3D95CAA1D26DD8CFA9470C3643BA9799D3FB753 75
leftTicketStr enu80ehMzuVJlK2Q43c6kn5%2BzQF41LEI6Nr14JuzThrooN57 66
oldPassengerStr 范蠡,1,14262319781108815X,1_ 73
passengerTicketStr O,0,1,范蠡,1,14262319781108815X,13917043320,N 101
purpose_codes 00 16
randCode 9
REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN 691c09b5605e46bfb2ec2380ee65de0e 52
roomType 00 11
seatDetailType 000 18
train_location P2 17
應答:{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":{"submitStatus":true},"messages":[],"validateMessages":{}}
*/
bool confirmSingleForQueue(const char* leftTicketStr, const char* oldPassengerStr, const char* passengerTicketStr, const char* purpose_codes, const char* train_location);
/**
* 查詢訂單狀態(tài): https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/queryOrderWaitTime?random=1486368851278&tourFlag=dc&_json_att=&REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN=691c09b5605e46bfb2ec2380ee65de0e
GET
_json_att
random 1486368851278
REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN 691c09b5605e46bfb2ec2380ee65de0e
tourFlag dc
響應:{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":{"queryOrderWaitTimeStatus":true,"count":0,"waitTime":-1,"requestId":6234282826330508533,"waitCount":0,"tourFlag":"dc","orderId":"E061149209"},"messages":[],"validateMessages":{}}
*/
bool queryOrderWaitTime(const char* tourflag, string& orderId);
/**
* https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/resultOrderForDcQueue POST
_json_att 10
orderSequence_no E061149209 27
REPEAT_SUBMIT_TOKEN 691c09b5605e46bfb2ec2380ee65de0e 52
{"validateMessagesShowId":"_validatorMessage","status":true,"httpstatus":200,"data":{"submitStatus":true},"messages":[],"validateMessages":{}}
*/
//bool resultOrderForDcQueue();
/**
* 未完成的訂單頁面 https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/queryOrder/initNoComplete GET
* 獲取未完成的訂單 https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/queryOrder/queryMyOrderNoComplete POST _json_att=
*/
/*
{
"validateMessagesShowId": "_validatorMessage",
"status": true,
"httpstatus": 200,
"data": {
"orderDBList": [
{
"sequence_no": "E079331507",
"order_date": "2017-02-09 10:10:55",
"ticket_totalnum": 1,
"ticket_price_all": 55300,
"cancel_flag": "Y",
"resign_flag": "4",
"return_flag": "N",
"print_eticket_flag": "N",
"pay_flag": "Y",
"pay_resign_flag": "N",
"confirm_flag": "N",
"tickets": [
{
"stationTrainDTO": {
"trainDTO": {},
"station_train_code": "G41",
"from_station_telecode": "VNP",
"from_station_name": "北京南",
"start_time": "1970-01-01 09:16:00",
"to_station_telecode": "AOH",
"to_station_name": "上海虹橋",
"arrive_time": "1970-01-01 14:48:00",
"distance": "1318"
},
"passengerDTO": {
"passenger_name": "范蠡",
"passenger_id_type_code": "1",
"passenger_id_type_name": "×××",
"passenger_id_no": "14262319781108815X",
"total_times": "98"
},
"ticket_no": "E079331507110008B",
"sequence_no": "E079331507",
"batch_no": "1",
"train_date": "2017-02-11 00:00:00",
"coach_no": "10",
"coach_name": "10",
"seat_no": "008B",
"seat_name": "08B號",
"seat_flag": "0",
"seat_type_code": "O",
"seat_type_name": "二等座",
"ticket_type_code": "1",
"ticket_type_name": "成人票",
"reserve_time": "2017-02-09 10:10:55",
"limit_time": "2017-02-09 10:10:55",
"lose_time": "2017-02-09 10:40:55",
"pay_limit_time": "2017-02-09 10:40:55",
"ticket_price": 55300,
"print_eticket_flag": "N",
"resign_flag": "4",
"return_flag": "N",
"confirm_flag": "N",
"pay_mode_code": "Y",
"ticket_status_code": "i",
"ticket_status_name": "待支付",
"cancel_flag": "Y",
"amount_char": 0,
"trade_mode": "",
"start_train_date_page": "2017-02-11 09:16",
"str_ticket_price_page": "553.0",
"come_go_traveller_ticket_page": "N",
"return_deliver_flag": "N",
"deliver_fee_char": "",
"is_need_alert_flag": false,
"is_deliver": "N",
"dynamicProp": "",
"fee_char": "",
"insure_query_no": ""
}
],
"reserve_flag_query": "p",
"if_show_resigning_info": "N",
"recordCount": "1",
"isNeedSendMailAndMsg": "N",
"array_passser_name_page": [
"范蠡"
],
"from_station_name_page": [
"北京南"
],
"to_station_name_page": [
"上海虹橋"
],
"start_train_date_page": "2017-02-11 09:16",
"start_time_page": "09:16",
"arrive_time_page": "14:48",
"train_code_page": "G41",
"ticket_total_price_page": "553.0",
"come_go_traveller_order_page": "N",
"canOffLinePay": "N",
"if_deliver": "N",
"insure_query_no": ""
}
],
"to_page": "db"
},
"messages": [],
"validateMessages": {}
}
*/
/**
* 已完成訂單(改/退) : https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/queryOrder/queryMyOrder POST
* queryType 1 按訂票日期 2 按乘車日期
* 查詢?nèi)掌趒ueryStartDate=2017-02-09&queryEndDate=2017-02-09
* come_from_flag: my_order 全部 my_resign 可改簽 my_cs_resign 可變更到站 my_refund 可退票
* &pageSize=8&pageIndex=0&
* query_where G 未出行訂單 H 歷史訂單
* sequeue_train_name 訂單號/車次/乘客姓名
*/
/* 歷史訂單格式
參見[歷史訂單.txt]
*/
/**
* 獲取全國車站信息
*@param si 返回的車站信息
*@param bForceDownload 強制從網(wǎng)絡上下載,即不使用本地副本
*/
bool GetStationInfo(vector<stationinfo>& si, bool bForceDownload = false);
/**
* 獲取所有高校信息 https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/userCommon/schoolNames POST provinceCode=11&_json_att=
*/
/**
* 獲取所有城市信息 https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/userCommon/allCitys POST station_name=&_json_att=
*/
/**
* 查詢常用聯(lián)系人
*/
bool QueryPassengers(int pageindex = 2, int pagesize = 10);
bool GetVCodeFileName(char* pszDst, int nLength);
private:
bool GetCookies(const string& data);
/**
* 發(fā)送一個http請求
*@param url 請求的url
*@param strResponse http響應結(jié)果
*@param get true為GET,false為POST
*@param headers 附帶發(fā)送的http頭信息
*@param postdata post附帶的數(shù)據(jù)
*@param bReserveHeaders http響應結(jié)果是否保留頭部信息
*@param timeout http請求超時時間
*/
bool HttpRequest(const char* url, string& strResponse, bool get = true, const char* headers = NULL, const char* postdata = NULL, bool bReserveHeaders = false, int timeout = 10);
private:
char m_szCurrVCodeName[256]; //當前驗證碼圖片的名稱
string m_strCookies;
string m_strGlobalRepeatSubmitToken;
string m_strKeyCheckIsChange;
};
#endif //!__CLIENT_12306_H__
具體的實現(xiàn)代碼就不在文章中貼出來了,您可以下載我的代碼。下載地址在微信公眾號『easyserverdev』中回復『12306源碼』即可得到下載地址,當然,由于12306的接口經(jīng)常發(fā)生改變,當你拿到代碼時,可能12306服務器的接口已經(jīng)稍微發(fā)生了改變,您可以按上面介紹的原理做響應的修改。
最后當您實現(xiàn)了基本的登錄和購票功能后,你就可以不斷模擬某些請求去進行刷票了。
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