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這篇文章主要介紹了AQS同步組件CyclicBarrier循環(huán)屏障怎么使用的相關知識,內容詳細易懂,操作簡單快捷,具有一定借鑒價值,相信大家閱讀完這篇AQS同步組件CyclicBarrier循環(huán)屏障怎么使用文章都會有所收獲,下面我們一起來看看吧。
CyclicBarrier 的字面意思是可循環(huán)使用(Cyclic)的屏障(Barrier)。它要做的事情是,讓一組線程到達一個屏障(也可以叫同步點)時被阻塞,直到最后一個線程到達屏障時,屏障才會開門,所有被屏障攔截的線程才會繼續(xù)運行。
當某個線程調用了await方法之后,就會進入等待狀態(tài),并將計數器+1,直到所有線程調用await方法使計數器為CyclicBarrier設置的值,才可以繼續(xù)執(zhí)行,由于計數器可以重復使用,所以我們又叫它循環(huán)屏障。
CyclicBarrier默認的構造方法是CyclicBarrier(int parties),其參數表示屏障攔截的線程數量,每個線程調用await方法告訴CyclicBarrier我已經到達了屏障,然后當前線程被阻塞。
CyclicBarrier可以用于多線程計算數據,最后合并計算結果的應用場景。
/** * 創(chuàng)建一個新的CyclicBarrier當給定數量的參與方(線程)等待它時,它將觸發(fā), * 并且在障礙觸發(fā)時不執(zhí)行預定義的操作。 * * @param 在barrier被觸發(fā)之前必須調用await()的線程數 * @throws IllegalArgumentException 如果parties小于1拋出異常 */ public CyclicBarrier(int parties) { this(parties, null); } /** * * 當前線程調用await方法的線程告知CyclicBarrier已經到達屏障,然后當前線程被阻塞 * * @return 當前線程的到達索引,其中索引為- 1表示第一個到達的,0表示最后一個到達的 * @throws InterruptedException 如果當前線程在等待時被中斷 * @throws BrokenBarrierException 如果另一個線程在當前線程等待時被中斷或超時, * 或者屏障被重置,或者在調用await方法時屏障被破壞,或者屏障操作(如果存在)由于異常而失敗 */ public int await() throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException { try { return dowait(false, 0L); } catch (TimeoutException toe) { throw new Error(toe); // cannot happen } }
/** * 線程數量 */ private final static int threadCount = 15; /** * 屏障攔截的線程數量為5,表示每次屏障會攔截5個線程 */ private static CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(5); public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) { final int threadNum = i; Thread.sleep(1000); executor.execute(() -> { try { race(threadNum); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("exception", e); } }); } executor.shutdown(); } private static void race(int threadNum) throws Exception { Thread.sleep(1000); log.info("{} is ready {}", threadNum,barrier.getNumberWaiting()); //每次調用await方法后計數器+1,當前線程被阻塞 barrier.await(); log.info("{} continue", threadNum); }
輸出結果:
16:16:40.245 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 0 is ready 0
16:16:41.244 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 1 is ready 1
16:16:42.244 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 2 is ready 2
16:16:43.244 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 3 is ready 3
16:16:44.245 [pool-1-thread-5] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 4 is ready 4
16:16:44.245 [pool-1-thread-5] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 4 continue
16:16:44.245 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 0 continue
16:16:44.245 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 1 continue
16:16:44.245 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 2 continue
16:16:44.245 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 3 continue
16:16:45.245 [pool-1-thread-6] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 5 is ready 0
16:16:46.245 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 6 is ready 1
16:16:47.246 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 7 is ready 2
16:16:48.246 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 8 is ready 3
16:16:49.246 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 9 is ready 4
16:16:49.246 [pool-1-thread-6] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 5 continue
16:16:49.246 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 9 continue
16:16:49.246 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 6 continue
16:16:49.246 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 8 continue
16:16:49.246 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 7 continue
16:16:50.247 [pool-1-thread-5] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 10 is ready 0
16:16:51.247 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 11 is ready 1
16:16:52.247 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 12 is ready 2
16:16:53.248 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 13 is ready 3
16:16:54.248 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 14 is ready 4
16:16:54.248 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 14 continue
16:16:54.248 [pool-1-thread-5] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 10 continue
16:16:54.248 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 12 continue
16:16:54.248 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 11 continue
16:16:54.248 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.zjq.aqs.CyclicBarrier - 13 continue
通過輸出結果可以知道,每次屏障會阻塞5個線程,5個線程執(zhí)行后計數器達到預設值,繼續(xù)執(zhí)行后續(xù)操作。
/** * 線程數量 */ private final static int threadCount = 15; /** * 屏障攔截的線程數量為5,表示每次屏障會攔截5個線程 */ private static CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(5); public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) { final int threadNum = i; Thread.sleep(1000); executor.execute(() -> { try { race(threadNum); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("exception", e); } }); } executor.shutdown(); } private static void race(int threadNum) throws Exception { Thread.sleep(1000); log.info("{} is ready{}", threadNum,barrier.getNumberWaiting()); //每次調用await方法后計數器+1,當前線程被阻塞 //等待2s.為了使在發(fā)生異常的時候,不影響其他線程,一定要catch //由于設置了超時時間后阻塞的線程可能會被中斷,拋出BarrierException異常,如果想繼續(xù)往下執(zhí)行,需要加上try-catch try { barrier.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS); }catch (Exception e){ //查看執(zhí)行異常的線程 log.info("線程{} 執(zhí)行異常,阻塞被中斷?{}",threadNum,barrier.isBroken()); } log.info("{} continue", threadNum); }
輸出結果:
17:06:24.440 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 0 is ready0
17:06:25.435 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 1 is ready1
17:06:26.435 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 2 is ready2
17:06:26.455 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 線程0 執(zhí)行異常,阻塞被中斷?true
17:06:26.456 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 線程2 執(zhí)行異常,阻塞被中斷?true
17:06:26.456 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 線程1 執(zhí)行異常,阻塞被中斷?true
17:06:26.456 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 0 continue
17:06:26.456 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 2 continue
17:06:26.456 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 1 continue
17:06:27.434 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 3 is ready0
17:06:27.434 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 線程3 執(zhí)行異常,阻塞被中斷?true
17:06:27.434 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 3 continue
17:06:28.435 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 4 is ready0
17:06:28.435 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 線程4 執(zhí)行異常,阻塞被中斷?true
17:06:28.435 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 4 continue
17:06:29.435 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 5 is ready0
17:06:29.435 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 線程5 執(zhí)行異常,阻塞被中斷?true
17:06:29.435 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 5 continue
17:06:30.436 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 6 is ready0
17:06:30.436 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 線程6 執(zhí)行異常,阻塞被中斷?true
17:06:30.436 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 6 continue
17:06:31.436 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 7 is ready0
17:06:31.436 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 線程7 執(zhí)行異常,阻塞被中斷?true
17:06:31.436 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 7 continue
17:06:32.436 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 8 is ready0
17:06:32.436 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 線程8 執(zhí)行異常,阻塞被中斷?true
17:06:32.436 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 8 continue
17:06:33.436 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 9 is ready0
17:06:33.436 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 線程9 執(zhí)行異常,阻塞被中斷?true
17:06:33.436 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier - 9 continue
/** * 線程到達屏障時,優(yōu)先執(zhí)行barrierAction,方便處理更復雜的業(yè)務場景 */ private static CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(5, () -> { log.info("callback is running"); });
輸出結果:
17:11:38.867 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - 0 is ready
17:11:38.966 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - 1 is ready
17:11:39.067 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - 2 is ready
17:11:39.167 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - 3 is ready
17:11:39.268 [pool-1-thread-5] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - 4 is ready
17:11:39.268 [pool-1-thread-5] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - callback is running
17:11:39.268 [pool-1-thread-5] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - 4 continue
17:11:39.268 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - 0 continue
17:11:39.268 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - 1 continue
17:11:39.268 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - 2 continue
17:11:39.268 [pool-1-thread-4] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - 3 continue
17:11:39.369 [pool-1-thread-6] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - 5 is ready
17:11:39.470 [pool-1-thread-7] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - 6 is ready
17:11:39.570 [pool-1-thread-8] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - 7 is ready
17:11:39.671 [pool-1-thread-9] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - 8 is ready
17:11:39.772 [pool-1-thread-10] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - 9 is ready
17:11:39.772 [pool-1-thread-10] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - callback is running
17:11:39.772 [pool-1-thread-10] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - 9 continue
17:11:39.772 [pool-1-thread-6] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - 5 continue
17:11:39.772 [pool-1-thread-9] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - 8 continue
17:11:39.772 [pool-1-thread-7] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - 6 continue
17:11:39.772 [pool-1-thread-8] INFO com.zjq.CyclicBarrier3 - 7 continue
CountDownLatch的計數器只能使用一次。而CyclicBarrier的計數器可以使用reset()方法重置。所以CyclicBarrier能處理更為復雜的業(yè)務場景,比如如果計算發(fā)生錯誤,可以重置計數器,并讓線程們重新執(zhí)行一次。
CountDownLatch主要用于實現一個或n個線程需要等待其他線程完成某項操作之后,才能繼續(xù)往下執(zhí)行,描述的是一個或n個線程等待其他線程的關系,而CyclicBarrier是多個線程相互等待,知道滿足條件以后再一起往下執(zhí)行。描述的是多個線程相互等待的場景
CyclicBarrier還提供其他有用的方法,比如getNumberWaiting方法可以獲得CyclicBarrier阻塞的線程數量。isBroken方法用來知道阻塞的線程是否被中斷。
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