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本篇內(nèi)容介紹了“Python如何實(shí)現(xiàn)獲取動(dòng)態(tài)圖表”的有關(guān)知識(shí)，在實(shí)際案例的操作過(guò)程中，不少人都會(huì)遇到這樣的困境，接下來(lái)就讓小編帶領(lǐng)大家學(xué)習(xí)一下如何處理這些情況吧！希望大家仔細(xì)閱讀，能夠?qū)W有所成！
Python版本： 3.6.4
相關(guān)模塊：
re模塊；
requests模塊；
urllib模塊；
pandas模塊；
以及一些Python自帶的模塊。
安裝Python并添加到環(huán)境變量，pip安裝需要的相關(guān)模塊即可。
看一下B站2019年「數(shù)據(jù)可視化」版塊的情況，第一個(gè)視頻超2百萬(wàn)的播放量，4萬(wàn)+的彈幕
獲取百度指數(shù)，首先需要登陸你的百度賬號(hào)
以關(guān)鍵詞「王者榮耀」為例，時(shí)間自定義為2020-10-01～2020-10-10
通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)者工具，我們就能看到曲線圖的數(shù)據(jù)接口
然而一看請(qǐng)求得到的結(jié)果，發(fā)現(xiàn)并沒(méi)有數(shù)據(jù)，原因是這里使用了JS加密
找到解決方法，成功實(shí)現(xiàn)爬取，代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)
import time
import json
import execjs
import datetime
import requests
from urllib.parse import urlencode
def get_data(keywords, startDate, endDate, area):
"""
獲取加密的參數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)
"""
# data_url = "http://index.baidu.com/api/SearchApi/index?area=0&word=[[%7B%22name%22:%22%E7%8E%8B%E8%80%85%E8%8D%A3%E8%80%80%22,%22wordType%22:1%7D]]&startDate=2020-10-01&endDate=2020-10-10"
params = {
'word': json.dumps([[{'name': keyword, 'wordType': 1}] for keyword in keywords]),
'startDate': startDate,
'endDate': endDate,
'area': area
}
data_url = 'http://index.baidu.com/api/SearchApi/index?' + urlencode(params)
# print(data_url)
headers = {
# 復(fù)制登錄后的cookie
"Cookie": '你的cookie',
"Referer": "http://index.baidu.com/v2/main/index.html",
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36"
}
# 獲取data和uniqid
res = requests.get(url=data_url, headers=headers).json()
data = res["data"]["userIndexes"][0]["all"]["data"]
uniqid = res["data"]["uniqid"]
# 獲取js函數(shù)中的參數(shù)t = "ev-fxk9T8V1lwAL6,51348+.9270-%"
t_url = "http://index.baidu.com/Interface/ptbk?uniqid={}".format(uniqid)
rep = requests.get(url=t_url, headers=headers).json()
t = rep["data"]
return {"data": data, "t": t}
def get_search_index(word, startDate, endDate, area):
"""
獲取最終數(shù)據(jù)
"""
word = word
startDate = startDate
endDate = endDate
# 調(diào)用get_data獲取data和uniqid
res = get_data(word, startDate, endDate, area)
e = res["data"]
t = res["t"]
# 讀取js文件
with open('parsing_data_function.js', encoding='utf-8') as f:
js = f.read()
# 通過(guò)compile命令轉(zhuǎn)成一個(gè)js對(duì)象
docjs = execjs.compile(js)
# 調(diào)用function方法,得到指數(shù)數(shù)值
res = docjs.call('decrypt', t, e)
# print(res)
return res
def get_date_list(begin_date, end_date):
"""
獲取時(shí)間列表
"""
dates = []
dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(begin_date, "%Y-%m-%d")
date = begin_date[:]
while date <= end_date:
dates.append(date)
dt += datetime.timedelta(days=1)
date = dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
return dates
def get_area():
areas = {"901": "山東", "902": "貴州", "903": "江西", "904": "重慶", "905": "內(nèi)蒙古", "906": "湖北", "907": "遼寧", "908": "湖南", "909": "福建", "910": "上海", "911": "北京", "912": "廣西", "913": "廣東", "914": "四川", "915": "云南", "916": "江蘇", "917": "浙江", "918": "青海", "919": "寧夏", "920": "河北", "921": "黑龍江", "922": "吉林", "923": "天津", "924": "陜西", "925": "甘肅", "926": "新疆", "927": "河南", "928": "安徽", "929": "山西", "930": "海南", "931": "臺(tái)灣", "932": "西藏", "933": "香港", "934": "澳門(mén)"}
for value in areas.keys():
try:
word = ['王者榮耀']
time.sleep(1)
startDate = '2020-10-01'
endDate = '2020-10-10'
area = value
res = get_search_index(word, startDate, endDate, area)
result = res.split(',')
dates = get_date_list(startDate, endDate)
for num, date in zip(result, dates):
print(areas[value], num, date)
with open('area.csv', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(areas[value] + ',' + str(num) + ',' + date + '\n')
except:
pass
def get_word():
words = ['諸葛大力', '張偉', '胡一菲', '呂子喬', '陳美嘉', '趙海棠', '咖喱醬', '曾小賢', '秦羽墨']
for word in words:
try:
time.sleep(2)
startDate = '2020-10-01'
endDate = '2020-10-10'
area = 0
res = get_search_index(word, startDate, endDate, area)
result = res.split(',')
dates = get_date_list(startDate, endDate)
for num, date in zip(result, dates):
print(word, num, date)
with open('word.csv', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(word + ',' + str(num) + ',' + date + '\n')
except:
pass
get_area()
get_word()得到的CSV文件結(jié)果如下，有兩種形式的數(shù)據(jù)
一種是多個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞每日指數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)，另一種是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞各省市每日指數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)
有了數(shù)據(jù)就可以用Python制作動(dòng)圖
import pandas as pd
import bar_chart_race as bcr
# 讀取數(shù)據(jù)
# df = pd.read_csv('word.csv', encoding='utf-8', header=None, names=['name', 'number', 'day'])
df = pd.read_csv('area.csv', encoding='utf-8', header=None, names=['name', 'number', 'day'])
# 數(shù)據(jù)處理，數(shù)據(jù)透視表
df_result = pd.pivot_table(df, values='number', index=['day'], columns=['name'], fill_value=0)
# 生成GIF
# bcr.bar_chart_race(df_result, filename='word.gif', title='愛(ài)情公寓5演職人員熱度排行')
bcr.bar_chart_race(df_result, filename='area.gif', title='國(guó)內(nèi)各省市王者榮耀熱度排行')百度搜索新浪的微博指數(shù)，打開(kāi)網(wǎng)站一看，發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)頁(yè)版無(wú)法使用
我們只需打開(kāi)開(kāi)發(fā)者工具，將你的瀏覽器模擬為手機(jī)端，刷新網(wǎng)頁(yè)即可
可以看到，微指數(shù)的界面出來(lái)了
添加關(guān)鍵詞，查看指數(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)接口
請(qǐng)求是Post方法，并且不需要登陸微博賬號(hào)
import re
import time
import json
import requests
import datetime
# 請(qǐng)求頭信息
headers = """accept: application/json
accept-encoding: gzip, deflate, br
accept-language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
content-length: 50
content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
cookie: '你的cookie'
origin: https://data.weibo.com
referer: https://data.weibo.com/index/newindex?visit_type=trend&wid=1011224685661
sec-fetch-mode: cors
sec-fetch-site: same-origin
user-agent: Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.38 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A372 Safari/604.1
x-requested-with: XMLHttpRequest"""
# 將請(qǐng)求頭字符串轉(zhuǎn)化為字典
headers = dict([line.split(": ",1) for line in headers.split("\n")])
print(headers)
# 數(shù)據(jù)接口
url = 'https://data.weibo.com/index/ajax/newindex/getchartdata'
# 獲取時(shí)間列表
def get_date_list(begin_date, end_date):
dates = []
dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(begin_date, "%Y-%m-%d")
date = begin_date[:]
while date <= end_date:
dates.append(date)
dt += datetime.timedelta(days=1)
date = dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
return dates
# 相關(guān)信息
names = ['湯唯', '朱亞文', '鄧家佳', '喬振宇', '王學(xué)圻', '張藝興', '俞灝明', '吳越', '梁冠華', '李昕亮', '蘇可', '孫驍驍', '趙韓櫻子', '孫耀琦', '魏巍']
# 獲取微指數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)
for name in names:
try:
# 獲取關(guān)鍵詞ID
url_id = 'https://data.weibo.com/index/ajax/newindex/searchword'
data_id = {
'word': name
}
html_id = requests.post(url=url_id, data=data_id, headers=headers)
pattern = re.compile(r'li wid=\\\"(.*?)\\\" word')
id = pattern.findall(html_id.text)[0]
# 接口參數(shù)
data = {
'wid': id,
'dateGroup': '1month'
}
time.sleep(2)
# 請(qǐng)求數(shù)據(jù)
html = requests.post(url=url, data=data, headers=headers)
result = json.loads(html.text)
# 處理數(shù)據(jù)
if result['data']:
values = result['data'][0]['trend']['s']
startDate = '2019-01-01'
endDate = '2020-01-01'
dates = result['data'][0]['trend']['x']
# 保存數(shù)據(jù)
for value, date in zip(values, dates):
print(name, value, date)
with open('weibo.csv', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(name + ',' + str(value) + ',' + date + '\n')
except:
pass獲取到的信息
也來(lái)生成一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)圖表
import pandas as pd
import bar_chart_race as bcr
# 讀取數(shù)據(jù)
df = pd.read_csv('weibo.csv', encoding='utf-8', header=None, names=['name', 'number', 'day'])
# 數(shù)據(jù)處理，數(shù)據(jù)透視表
df_result = pd.pivot_table(df, values='number', index=['day'], columns=['name'], fill_value=0)
# print(df_result[:10])
# 生成GIF
bcr.bar_chart_race(df_result[:10], filename='weibo.gif', title='大明風(fēng)華演職人員熱度排行')“Python如何實(shí)現(xiàn)獲取動(dòng)態(tài)圖表”的內(nèi)容就介紹到這里了，感謝大家的閱讀。如果想了解更多行業(yè)相關(guān)的知識(shí)可以關(guān)注億速云網(wǎng)站，小編將為大家輸出更多高質(zhì)量的實(shí)用文章！
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