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這篇文章將為大家詳細(xì)講解有關(guān)怎么在R語(yǔ)言中實(shí)現(xiàn)排序,文章內(nèi)容質(zhì)量較高,因此小編分享給大家做個(gè)參考,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后對(duì)相關(guān)知識(shí)有一定的了解。
R語(yǔ)言是用于統(tǒng)計(jì)分析、繪圖的語(yǔ)言和操作環(huán)境,屬于GNU系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)自由、免費(fèi)、源代碼開(kāi)放的軟件,它是一個(gè)用于統(tǒng)計(jì)計(jì)算和統(tǒng)計(jì)制圖的優(yōu)秀工具。
首先簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下mtcar數(shù)據(jù)集,mtcar(Motor Trend Car Road Tests)是一個(gè)32行11列的數(shù)據(jù)集,記錄了32種汽車的11種性能,具體數(shù)據(jù)如下:
> mtcars mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb Mazda RX4 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4 Mazda RX4 Wag 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4 Datsun 710 22.8 4 108.0 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1 Hornet 4 Drive 21.4 6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1 Hornet Sportabout 18.7 8 360.0 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2 Valiant 18.1 6 225.0 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1 0 3 1 Duster 360 14.3 8 360.0 245 3.21 3.570 15.84 0 0 3 4 Merc 240D 24.4 4 146.7 62 3.69 3.190 20.00 1 0 4 2 Merc 230 22.8 4 140.8 95 3.92 3.150 22.90 1 0 4 2 Merc 280 19.2 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.30 1 0 4 4 Merc 280C 17.8 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.90 1 0 4 4 Merc 450SE 16.4 8 275.8 180 3.07 4.070 17.40 0 0 3 3 Merc 450SL 17.3 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.730 17.60 0 0 3 3 Merc 450SLC 15.2 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.780 18.00 0 0 3 3 Cadillac Fleetwood 10.4 8 472.0 205 2.93 5.250 17.98 0 0 3 4 Lincoln Continental 10.4 8 460.0 215 3.00 5.424 17.82 0 0 3 4 Chrysler Imperial 14.7 8 440.0 230 3.23 5.345 17.42 0 0 3 4 Fiat 128 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1 Honda Civic 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2 Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 Toyota Corona 21.5 4 120.1 97 3.70 2.465 20.01 1 0 3 1 Dodge Challenger 15.5 8 318.0 150 2.76 3.520 16.87 0 0 3 2 AMC Javelin 15.2 8 304.0 150 3.15 3.435 17.30 0 0 3 2 Camaro Z28 13.3 8 350.0 245 3.73 3.840 15.41 0 0 3 4 Pontiac Firebird 19.2 8 400.0 175 3.08 3.845 17.05 0 0 3 2 Fiat X1-9 27.3 4 79.0 66 4.08 1.935 18.90 1 1 4 1 Porsche 914-2 26.0 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.140 16.70 0 1 5 2 Lotus Europa 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2 Ford Pantera L 15.8 8 351.0 264 4.22 3.170 14.50 0 1 5 4 Ferrari Dino 19.7 6 145.0 175 3.62 2.770 15.50 0 1 5 6 Maserati Bora 15.0 8 301.0 335 3.54 3.570 14.60 0 1 5 8 Volvo 142E 21.4 4 121.0 109 4.11 2.780 18.60 1 1 4 2
假如我們想挑一款比較省油的車,也就是選一款mpg(每加侖公里數(shù))較高的車。如果只要一個(gè)備選,自然可以使用which.max函數(shù):
> mtcars[which.max(mtcars$mpg), ] mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.9 1 1 4 1
如果想要多個(gè)備選呢?例如2個(gè)備選。我們可以將mtcars按mpg從大到小排序,然后列出前兩個(gè):
> db_use <- mtcars[order(mtcars$mpg, decreasing = T), ] > db_use mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 Fiat 128 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1 Honda Civic 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2 Lotus Europa 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2 Fiat X1-9 27.3 4 79.0 66 4.08 1.935 18.90 1 1 4 1 Porsche 914-2 26.0 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.140 16.70 0 1 5 2
前兩名是:
> db_use[1:2, ] mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 Fiat 128 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1
如果取前3名呢?我們注意到存在并列第3的情況,所以說(shuō)直接取前3行就不合適了。這樣我們可以新設(shè)一列表示mpg的排名(rank),然后取排名小于等于3的數(shù)據(jù)。但是rank函數(shù)是從小到大排序的,我們這里要從大到小排序,需要做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的變換:
> db_use$rank <- nrow(db_use) - rank(db_use$mpg, ties.method = 'max') + 1 > db_use mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb rank Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 1 Fiat 128 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1 2 Honda Civic 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2 3 Lotus Europa 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2 3 Fiat X1-9 27.3 4 79.0 66 4.08 1.935 18.90 1 1 4 1 5 Porsche 914-2 26.0 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.140 16.70 0 1 5 2 6
選取前3名:
> db_use[which(db_use$rank<= 3), ] mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb rank Toyota Corolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 1 Fiat 128 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1 2 Honda Civic 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2 3 Lotus Europa 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2 3
下面增加一下難度?,F(xiàn)在我們挑選出來(lái)的車都是4缸的,即cyl(氣缸數(shù))為4。我們想在不同氣缸數(shù)的車中都挑一些省油的車做備選,比方說(shuō)在不同氣缸數(shù)的車中挑出各自前3款最省油的車。
同樣,我們需要構(gòu)造一個(gè)新變量表示mpg的排名,只不過(guò)這個(gè)排名是一個(gè)分組排名,即以氣缸數(shù)分組,在氣缸數(shù)相同的車中分別排名。
首先,我們將數(shù)據(jù)按氣缸數(shù)分組排好:
> library(dplyr) > db_use <- mtcars > db_use$name <- rownames(db_use) > db_use <- arrange(db_use, cyl, desc(mpg)) > db_use mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb name 1 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 Toyota Corolla 2 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1 Fiat 128 3 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2 Honda Civic 4 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2 Lotus Europa 5 27.3 4 79.0 66 4.08 1.935 18.90 1 1 4 1 Fiat X1-9 6 26.0 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.140 16.70 0 1 5 2 Porsche 914-2
然后列出各組的組內(nèi)rank:
> rank_group <- aggregate(mpg~cyl, db_use, rank, ties.method = 'max') > db_use$rank_increase <- unlist(rank_group$mpg) > db_use mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb name rank_increase 1 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 Toyota Corolla 11 2 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1 Fiat 128 10 3 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2 Honda Civic 9 4 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2 Lotus Europa 9 5 27.3 4 79.0 66 4.08 1.935 18.90 1 1 4 1 Fiat X1-9 7 6 26.0 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.140 16.70 0 1 5 2 Porsche 914-2 6
接著,算出每組各包含多少數(shù)據(jù):
> num_all <- aggregate(mpg~cyl, db_use, length) > db_use$num_all <- rep(num_all$mpg, num_all$mpg) > db_use mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb name rank_increase num_all 1 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 Toyota Corolla 11 11 2 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1 Fiat 128 10 11 3 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2 Honda Civic 9 11 4 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2 Lotus Europa 9 11 5 27.3 4 79.0 66 4.08 1.935 18.90 1 1 4 1 Fiat X1-9 7 11 6 26.0 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.140 16.70 0 1 5 2 Porsche 914-2 6 11
最后二者相減得出各組的組內(nèi)從大到小排名,選取排名小于等于3的汽車::
> db_use$rank_decrease <- db_use$num_all - db_use$rank_increase + 1 > db_use[which(db_use$rank_decrease <= 3), ] mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb name rank_increase num_all rank_decrease 1 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 Toyota Corolla 11 11 1 2 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1 Fiat 128 10 11 2 3 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2 Honda Civic 9 11 3 4 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2 Lotus Europa 9 11 3 12 21.4 6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1 Hornet 4 Drive 7 7 1 13 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4 Mazda RX4 6 7 2 14 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4 Mazda RX4 Wag 6 7 2 19 19.2 8 400.0 175 3.08 3.845 17.05 0 0 3 2 Pontiac Firebird 14 14 1 20 18.7 8 360.0 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2 Hornet Sportabout 13 14 2 21 17.3 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.730 17.60 0 0 3 3 Merc 450SL 12 14 3
有時(shí)候我們不會(huì)挑選具體前3名還是前5名的數(shù)據(jù),會(huì)是取一個(gè)百分比,比方說(shuō)在各組內(nèi)挑選前20%最省油的車輛,這個(gè)需求利用前邊的幾個(gè)中間變量新設(shè)一個(gè)百分比變量就能輕松實(shí)現(xiàn):
> db_use[which(db_use$Percent <= 0.2), ] mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb name rank_increase num_all rank_decrease Percent 1 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1 Toyota Corolla 11 11 1 0.09090909 2 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1 Fiat 128 10 11 2 0.18181818 12 21.4 6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1 Hornet 4 Drive 7 7 1 0.14285714 19 19.2 8 400.0 175 3.08 3.845 17.05 0 0 3 2 Pontiac Firebird 14 14 1 0.07142857 20 18.7 8 360.0 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2 Hornet Sportabout 13 14 2 0.14285714
補(bǔ)充:R語(yǔ)言中的排序算法
最近用R語(yǔ)言比較多,所以這次再一次整理一下R語(yǔ)言中的排序算法,本篇文章主要以代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)為主,原理不在此贅述了。
文中如有不正確的地方,歡迎大家批評(píng)指正。
<span ># 測(cè)試數(shù)組 vector = c(5,34,65,36,67,3,6,43,69,59,25,785,10,11,14) vector ## [1] 5 34 65 36 67 3 6 43 69 59 25 785 10 11 14</span>
在R中,跟排序有關(guān)的函數(shù)主要有三個(gè):sort(),rank(),order()。其中sort(x)是對(duì)向量x進(jìn)行排序,rank()是求秩的函數(shù),它的返回值是這個(gè)向量中對(duì)應(yīng)元素的“排名”,order()的返回值是對(duì)應(yīng)“排名”的元素所在向量中的位置。
sort(vector) ## [1] 3 5 6 10 11 14 25 34 36 43 59 65 67 69 785 order(vector) ## [1] 6 1 7 13 14 15 11 2 4 8 10 3 5 9 12 rank(vector) ## [1] 2 8 12 9 13 1 3 10 14 11 7 15 4 5 6
# bubble sort bubbleSort = function(vector) { n = length(vector) for (i in 1:(n-1)) { for (j in (i+1):n) { if(vector[i]>=vector[j]){ temp = vector[i] vector[i] = vector[j] vector[j] = temp } } } return(vector) } bubbleSort(vector) ## [1] 3 5 6 10 11 14 25 34 36 43 59 65 67 69 785
# quick sort quickSort = function(vector, small, big) { left = small right = big if (left >= right) { return(vector) }else{ markValue = vector[left] while (left < right) { while (left < right && vector[right] >= markValue) { right = right - 1 } vector[left] = vector[right] while (left < right && vector[left] <= markValue) { left = left + 1 } vector[right] = vector[left] } vector[left] = markValue vector = quickSort(vector, small, left - 1) vector = quickSort(vector, right + 1, big) return(vector) } } quickSort(vector,1,15) ## [1] 3 5 6 10 11 14 25 34 36 43 59 65 67 69 785
# insert sort insertSort = function(vector){ n = length(vector) for(i in 2:n){ markValue = vector[i] j=i-1 while(j>0){ if(vector[j]>markValue){ vector[j+1] = vector[j] vector[j] = markValue } j=j-1 } } return(vector) } insertSort(vector) ## [1] 3 5 6 10 11 14 25 34 36 43 59 65 67 69 785
# shell sort shellSort = function(vector){ n = length(vector) separate = floor(n/2) while(separate>0){ for(i in 1:separate){ j = i+separate while(j<=n){ m= j- separate markVlaue = vector[j] while(m>0){ if(vector[m]>markVlaue){ vector[m+separate] = vector[m] vector[m] = markVlaue } m = m-separate } j = j+separate } } separate = floor(separate/2) } return(vector) } shellSort(vector) ## [1] 3 5 6 10 11 14 25 34 36 43 59 65 67 69 785
# select sort selectSort = function(vector){ n = length(vector) for(i in 1:(n-1)){ minIndex = i for(j in (i+1):n){ if(vector[minIndex]>vector[j]){ minIndex = j } } temp = vector[i] vector[i] = vector[minIndex] vector[minIndex] = temp } return(vector) } selectSort(vector) ## [1] 3 5 6 10 11 14 25 34 36 43 59 65 67 69 785
# heap sort adjustHeap = function(vector,k,n){ left = 2*k right = 2*k+1 max = k if(k<=n/2){ if(left<=n&&vector[left]>=vector[max]){ max = left } if(right<=n&&vector[right]>=vector[max]){ max = right } if(max!=k){ temp = vector[k] vector[k] = vector[max] vector[max] = temp vector = adjustHeap(vector,max,n) } } return(vector) } createHeap = function(vector,n){ for(i in (n/2):1){ vector = adjustHeap(vector,i,n) } return(vector) } heapSort = function(vector){ n = length(vector) vector = createHeap(vector,n) for(i in 1:n){ temp = vector[n-i+1] vector[n-i+1] = vector[1] vector[1] = temp vector = adjustHeap(vector,1,n-i) } return(vector) }
# merge sort combine = function(leftSet,rightSet){ m = 1 n = 1 vectorTemp = c() while (m<=length(leftSet)&&n<=length(rightSet)) { if(leftSet[m]<=rightSet[n]){ vectorTemp = append(vectorTemp,leftSet[m]) m = m+1 }else{ vectorTemp = append(vectorTemp,rightSet[n]) n = n+1 } } if(m>length(leftSet)&&n==length(rightSet)){ vectorTemp = append(vectorTemp,rightSet[n:length(rightSet)]) }else if(m==length(leftSet)&&n>length(rightSet)){ vectorTemp = append(vectorTemp,leftSet[m:length(leftSet)]) } return(vectorTemp) } mergeSort = function(vector){ size = length(vector) if(size==1){ return(vector) } cut = ceiling(size/2) leftSet = mergeSort(vector[1:cut]) rightSet = mergeSort(vector[(cut+1):size]) vector = combine(leftSet,rightSet) return(vector) }
關(guān)于怎么在R語(yǔ)言中實(shí)現(xiàn)排序就分享到這里了,希望以上內(nèi)容可以對(duì)大家有一定的幫助,可以學(xué)到更多知識(shí)。如果覺(jué)得文章不錯(cuò),可以把它分享出去讓更多的人看到。
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