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使用Python繪圖實現(xiàn)臺風路徑可視化?相信很多沒有經(jīng)驗的人對此束手無策,為此本文總結了問題出現(xiàn)的原因和解決方法,通過這篇文章希望你能解決這個問題。
臺風是重大災害性天氣,臺風引起的直接災害通常由三方面造成,狂風、暴雨、風暴潮,除此以外臺風的這些災害極易誘發(fā)城市內澇、房屋倒塌、山洪、泥石流等次生災害。正因如此,臺風在科研和業(yè)務工作中是研究的重點。希望這次臺風路徑可視化可以給予大家一點點幫助。
臺風路徑的獲取
中國氣象局(CMA)
中國氣象局(CMA)的臺風最佳路徑數(shù)據(jù)集(BST),BST是之后對歷史臺風路徑進行校正后發(fā)布的,其經(jīng)緯度、強度、氣壓具有更高的可靠性,但是時間分辨率為6小時,部分3小時,這一點不如觀測數(shù)據(jù)
導入模塊并讀取數(shù)據(jù),使用BST的2018年臺風路徑數(shù)據(jù)作為示例,已經(jīng)將原始的txt文件轉換為xls文件。
import os, glob import pandas as pd import numpy as np import shapely.geometry as sgeom import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from matplotlib.image import imread from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation import matplotlib.lines as mlines import cartopy.crs as ccrs import cartopy.feature as cfeat from cartopy.mpl.ticker import LongitudeFormatter,LatitudeFormatter import cartopy.io.shapereader as shpreader import cartopy.io.img_tiles as cimgt from PIL import Image import warnings warnings.filterwarnings('ignore') df = pd.read_csv('./2018typhoon.csv')
定義等級色標
def get_color(level): global color if level == '熱帶低壓' or level == '熱帶擾動': color='#FFFF00' elif level == '熱帶風暴': color='#6495ED' elif level == '強熱帶風暴': color='#3CB371' elif level == '臺風': color='#FFA500' elif level == '強臺風': color='#FF00FF' elif level == '超強臺風': color='#DC143C' return color
定義底圖函數(shù)
def create_map(title, extent): fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8)) ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1, projection=ccrs.PlateCarree()) url = 'http://map1c.vis.earthdata.nasa.gov/wmts-geo/wmts.cgi' layer = 'BlueMarble_ShadedRelief' ax.add_wmts(url, layer) ax.set_extent(extent,crs=ccrs.PlateCarree()) gl = ax.gridlines(draw_labels=False, linewidth=1, color='k', alpha=0.5, linestyle='--') gl.xlabels_top = gl.ylabels_right = False ax.set_xticks(np.arange(extent[0], extent[1]+5, 5)) ax.set_yticks(np.arange(extent[2], extent[3]+5, 5)) ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(LongitudeFormatter()) ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(plt.MultipleLocator(1)) ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(LatitudeFormatter()) ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator(plt.MultipleLocator(1)) ax.tick_params(axis='both', labelsize=10, direction='out') a = mlines.Line2D([],[],color='#FFFF00',marker='o',markersize=7, label='TD',ls='') b = mlines.Line2D([],[],color='#6495ED', marker='o',markersize=7, label='TS',ls='') c = mlines.Line2D([],[],color='#3CB371', marker='o',markersize=7, label='STS',ls='') d = mlines.Line2D([],[],color='#FFA500', marker='o',markersize=7, label='TY',ls='') e = mlines.Line2D([],[],color='#FF00FF', marker='o',markersize=7, label='STY',ls='') f = mlines.Line2D([],[],color='#DC143C', marker='o',markersize=7, label='SSTY',ls='') ax.legend(handles=[a,b,c,d,e,f], numpoints=1, handletextpad=0, loc='upper left', shadow=True) plt.title(f'{title} Typhoon Track', fontsize=15) return ax
定義繪制單個臺風路徑方法,并繪制2018年第18號臺風溫比亞。
def draw_single(df): ax = create_map(df['名字'].iloc[0], [110, 135, 20, 45]) for i in range(len(df)): ax.scatter(list(df['經(jīng)度'])[i], list(df['緯度'])[i], marker='o', s=20, color=get_color(list(df['強度'])[i])) for i in range(len(df)-1): pointA = list(df['經(jīng)度'])[i],list(df['緯度'])[i] pointB = list(df['經(jīng)度'])[i+1],list(df['緯度'])[i+1] ax.add_geometries([sgeom.LineString([pointA, pointB])], color=get_color(list(df['強度'])[i+1]),crs=ccrs.PlateCarree()) plt.savefig('./typhoon_one.png') draw_single(df[df['編號']==1818])
定義繪制多個臺風路徑方法,并繪制2018年全年的全部臺風路徑。
def draw_multi(df): L = list(set(df['編號'])) L.sort(key=list(df['編號']).index) ax = create_map('2018', [100, 180, 0, 45]) for number in L: df1 = df[df['編號']==number] for i in range(len(df1)-1): pointA = list(df1['經(jīng)度'])[i],list(df1['緯度'])[i] pointB = list(df1['經(jīng)度'])[i+1],list(df1['緯度'])[i+1] ax.add_geometries([sgeom.LineString([pointA, pointB])], color=get_color(list(df1['強度'])[i+1]),crs=ccrs.PlateCarree()) plt.savefig('./typhoon_multi.png') draw_multi(df)
定義繪制單個臺風gif路徑演變方法,并繪制2018年第18號臺風的gif路徑圖。
def draw_single_gif(df): for state in range(len(df.index))[:]: ax = create_map(f'{df["名字"].iloc[0]} {df["時間"].iloc[state]}', [110, 135, 20, 45]) for i in range(len(df[:state])): ax.scatter(df['經(jīng)度'].iloc[i], df['緯度'].iloc[i], marker='o', s=20, color=get_color(df['強度'].iloc[i])) for i in range(len(df[:state])-1): pointA = df['經(jīng)度'].iloc[i],df['緯度'].iloc[i] pointB = df['經(jīng)度'].iloc[i+1],df['緯度'].iloc[i+1] ax.add_geometries([sgeom.LineString([pointA, pointB])], color=get_color(df['強度'].iloc[i+1]),crs=ccrs.PlateCarree()) print(f'正在繪制第{state}張軌跡圖') plt.savefig(f'./{df["名字"].iloc[0]}{str(state).zfill(3)}.png', bbox_inches='tight') # 將圖片拼接成動畫 imgFiles = list(glob.glob(f'./{df["名字"].iloc[0]}*.png')) images = [Image.open(fn) for fn in imgFiles] im = images[0] filename = f'./track_{df["名字"].iloc[0]}.gif' im.save(fp=filename, format='gif', save_all=True, append_images=images[1:], duration=500) draw_single_gif(df[df['編號']==1818])
看完上述內容,你們掌握使用Python繪圖實現(xiàn)臺風路徑可視化的方法了嗎?如果還想學到更多技能或想了解更多相關內容,歡迎關注億速云行業(yè)資訊頻道,感謝各位的閱讀!
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