Oracle 數(shù)據(jù)庫 組件相關(guān)說明【第一部分】

參考MOS文檔: 
Information On Installed Database Components and Schemas (文檔 ID 472937.1)
Oracle 組件可以通過下面的SQL查看，這是我的一個生產(chǎn)庫的組件情況，我當時是都部署了： 
SQL> col COMP_NAME for a50 
SQL> select comp_id,comp_name, version, status from dba_registry;

COMP_ID                        COMP_NAME                                          VERSION                        STATUS
------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------
OWB                            OWB                                                11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
APEX                           Oracle Application Express                         3.2.1.00.12                    VALID
EM                             Oracle Enterprise Manager                          11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
AMD                            OLAP Catalog                                       11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
SDO                            Spatial                                            11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
ORDIM                          Oracle Multimedia                                  11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
XDB                            Oracle XML Database                                11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
CONTEXT                        Oracle Text                                        11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
EXF                            Oracle Expression Filter                           11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
RUL                            Oracle Rules Manager                               11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
OWM                            Oracle Workspace Manager                           11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
CATALOG                        Oracle Database Catalog Views                      11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
CATPROC                        Oracle Database Packages and Types                 11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
JAVAVM                         JServer JAVA Virtual Machine                       11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
XML                            Oracle XDK                                         11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
CATJAVA                        Oracle Database Java Packages                      11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
APS                            OLAP Analytic Workspace                            11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
XOQ                            Oracle OLAP API                                    11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
RAC                            Oracle Real Application Clusters                   11.2.0.4.0                     VALID
本章討論的重點是關(guān)于各個組件的介紹和安裝，卸載，關(guān)于相關(guān)組件的使用不在本章討論的范圍內(nèi)
1、OWR(Oracle Warehouse Builder)
OWB是創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)倉庫的一個過程。Oracle的OWB是目前最好的三大ETL產(chǎn)品之一。
OWB不但可以可以完成數(shù)據(jù)的抽取、轉(zhuǎn)換和加載，還能幫助用戶在Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫中創(chuàng)建ROLAP（Relational Online Analysis Process）
和MOLAP（Multidimensional Online Analysis Process）數(shù)據(jù)倉庫對象，數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量管理，商務(wù)智能定義等。總之就是ETL工具
Description:
------------
This component will appear in dba_registry when you have configured Warehouse Builder in your database. 
Schema:
---------
OWBSYS  (This is available from Oracle RDBMS 11gR1 onwards, see below.)
How to Install and De-Install:
------------------------------
Note 340955.1 - Oracle Warehouse Builder, Releases and Patches
See Also: Oracle OWB Documentation  http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B31080_01/doc/install.102/b28224.pdf

2、APEX(Oracle Application Express)
Oracle Application Express 是一個適用于 Oracle 數(shù)據(jù)庫的快速 Web 應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)工具。
只需要一個 Web 瀏覽器和有限的編程經(jīng)驗，就可以快速、安全地開發(fā)和部署專業(yè)的應(yīng)用程序。
Description:
------------
Oracle Application Express (Oracle APEX) is a rapid web application development tool for the Oracle database. 
Using only a web browser and limited programming experience, you can develop and deploy professional applications that are both fast and secure. 
Oracle APEX is a fully supported, no cost option of the Oracle database.
The APEX product requires a database in which to install the APEX database packages, procedures, functions, tables, etc. and an HTTP Server which is used to call the APEX application from a browser.
APEX is currently supported on on 10.1 and higher. The 11.x version of the database automatically installs Application Express by default.
Schema:
---------
APEX_xxxxxx
How to Install and De-Install:
------------------------------
Note 1086415.1 - Master Note for Oracle Application Express (APEX) Installation

3、EM(Oracle Enterprise Manager)
在安裝 Oracle 軟件時，Oracle Universal Installer可以選裝Oracle Enterprise Manager。
Enterprise Manager 提供了一個基于 Web 的界面，可以使用這個界面來管理 Oracle 實例和數(shù)據(jù)庫。就是取代SQLPLUS管理數(shù)據(jù)庫的一個工具，事實上也取代不了。
Description:
------------
This component will appear in dba_registry when you have configured a db console in your database. This is available from Oracle rdbms 10gR1 onwards. 
Please note that for this component you need to have Oracle Enterprise Manager installed at binaries level.
Schema:
---------
DBSNMP, SYSMAN, MGMT_VIEW (11gR1 and 11gR2 only)
How to Install and De-Install:
------------------------------
Note.278100.1 How To Drop, Create And Recreate DB Control In A 10g Database
(This note is applicable to 11gR1 and 11gR2)
Please note that reconfiguring the dbconsole will remove the existing settings in dbconsole. So after dropping and recreating the em repository you need to redo all the em related setting.

4、OLAP Catalog, OLAP Analytic Workspace, Oracle OLAP API
這里的三個組件都是Oracle OLAP的核心組件。Oracle OLAP是Oracle企業(yè)版的一個可選件，由于將OLAP引擎完全集成進了Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫，
所以，所有數(shù)據(jù)和元數(shù)據(jù)都是從Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫內(nèi)部進行存儲和管理的，以提供高度可伸縮性、強健的管理環(huán)境及工業(yè)級可用性和安全性。
Oracle OLAP主要包括以下組件：OLAP Analytic Workspace，用于分析工作區(qū)中實際存儲多維模型的數(shù)據(jù)。一個Analytic Workspace存儲為一個關(guān)系表，
分析工作區(qū)中的不同對象存儲為表中的一行(LOB格式)。分析工作區(qū)甚至可以存儲在分區(qū)表中，以提供更好的并發(fā)性能。
OLAP API 是Oracle OLAP的一個Java編程接口，支持OracleBI Bean。除了服務(wù)器組件，Oracle OLAP還提供了兩個客戶端工具：

支持版本(9i,10gR1,10gR2,11gR1,11gR2)
Description: 
------------ 
Introduced in 9i, OLAP applications are developed within the context of business intelligence and data warehousing systems, 
and the features of the OLAP API are optimized for this type of application. With the OLAP API, a Java application can access, 
manipulate, and display data in multidimensional terms. The OLAP API also makes it possible to define a query in a step-by-step process 
that allows for undoing individual query steps without reproducing the entire query. Such multistep queries are easy to modify and refine dynamically.

The OLAP API is a Java application programming interface (API) through which an application can access data for online analytical processing (OLAP).
The Java classes that implement the API are part of the Oracle OLAP component.
The purpose of the OLAP API is to facilitate the development of OLAP applications, which allow users to dynamically select, aggregate, calculate, 
and perform other analytical tasks on data through a graphical user interface. Typically, the user interface of an OLAP application displays data 
in multidimensional formats, such as graphs and crosstabs.

The following components must be installed and valid to support the OLAP installation, and should be installed and valid before OLAP is installed:
Component:
JServer JAVA Virtual Machine    
Oracle Database Java Packages 
Oracle XDK 
Oracle XML Database

Schema: 
--------- 
OLAPSYS/MANAGER (9i, 10gR1, 10gR2, 11gR1,11gR2)
The account used to create OLAP metadata structures. This account owns the OLAP Catalog. 
The OLAP catalog is created in CWMLite tablespace in 9i but in 10g it is SYSAUX tablespace.

How to Install and De-Install: 
------------------------------ 
Note 331808.1 How to Uninstall OLAP Options from ORACLE_HOME? 
Note 278111.1 How to Remove the Oracle OLAP API Objects from 9i and 10g 
Note 296187.1 How To Manually Install Oracle OLAP In 9i, 10g Or 11g Database After The DB Has Been Created.
Note 332351.1 How To Remove The OLAP Option In 10g And 11g
Note 467643.1 How To Remove or De-activate OLAP After Migrating From 9i To Standard Edition 10g 

How to Remove OLAP From the Standard Edition database. (Doc ID 1362752.1)
Oracle? OLAP User's Guide: Installing Analytic Workspace Manager

Known Issues:
----------------
Document 1262866.1 - OWBSYS Account Not In Fresh 11gr2 Install - Deselected OLAP Option During Creation Of The Database

Documentation: 
---------------- 
Oracle? OLAP Application Developer's Guide 10g Release 2 (10.2)
Is the OLAP Option Installed in the Database?
Note.738192.1 What's New in Oracle Database 11g Release 11.1 Oracle OLAP