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創(chuàng)建有效DevOps測(cè)試策略的5大技巧

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2020-08-16 22:22:25 來(lái)源:ITPUB博客 閱讀:163 作者:qiangsha697 欄目:軟件技術(shù)

DevOps的唯一目標(biāo)是自動(dòng)化和簡(jiǎn)化整個(gè)軟件交付過(guò)程。目前,大多數(shù)組織專注于構(gòu)建蓬勃發(fā)展的DevOps測(cè)試策略,該策略開(kāi)始采用與持續(xù)集成(CI)相關(guān)的敏捷最佳實(shí)踐。該操作要求開(kāi)發(fā)人員在一天內(nèi)多次檢查共享存儲(chǔ)庫(kù)中的代碼。每次簽入之后都使用自動(dòng)構(gòu)建進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,從而允許團(tuán)隊(duì)識(shí)別錯(cuò)誤和潛在的沖突。

確定正確的DevOps測(cè)試安排

對(duì)于大多數(shù)DevOps項(xiàng)目,目標(biāo)是將軟件交付過(guò)程中最大數(shù)量的手動(dòng)過(guò)程自動(dòng)化。跟蹤DevOps管道中可能導(dǎo)致部署緩慢的主要障礙至關(guān)重要。這包括容易出錯(cuò)的手動(dòng)過(guò)程,比如從開(kāi)發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)到測(cè)試團(tuán)隊(duì)的交接操作。這樣的交接表明最終產(chǎn)品缺乏所有權(quán)共享,與基本的開(kāi)發(fā)和敏捷測(cè)試方法背道而馳。

如何創(chuàng)建DevOps測(cè)試方法?

創(chuàng)建合適的DevOps測(cè)試策略需要仔細(xì)評(píng)估應(yīng)用程序或軟件。此外,還有幾個(gè)重要的方面的協(xié)調(diào),應(yīng)該在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤接?jì)劃一個(gè)熟練的測(cè)試安排。
 
讓我們把重點(diǎn)放在幫助構(gòu)建成功DevOps測(cè)試策略的五個(gè)關(guān)鍵技巧上。

1.優(yōu)先考慮軟技能

測(cè)試人員面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)之一是采用側(cè)重于軟技能的DevOps中心。簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō),DevOps要求測(cè)試人員在軟件開(kāi)發(fā)周期中參與多個(gè)測(cè)試階段。因此,需要在測(cè)試人員之間靈活地交流,并進(jìn)一步融合他們過(guò)去從未使用過(guò)的技能。比如,在DevOps環(huán)境中,測(cè)試人員需要與開(kāi)發(fā)人員共同參加計(jì)劃會(huì)議,自由地與開(kāi)發(fā)人員交流需要什么測(cè)試已經(jīng)如何測(cè)試,以便撰寫(xiě)測(cè)試腳本。
 

2.專注于基本的編碼技能

除了更好的軟技能,測(cè)試人員還需要關(guān)注基本的編碼技能。這對(duì)于提升它們?cè)谡麄€(gè)軟件開(kāi)發(fā)生命周期中的角色重要性舉足輕重。談到DevOps,測(cè)試人員負(fù)責(zé)維護(hù)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和過(guò)程質(zhì)量,以成功地將產(chǎn)品推向市場(chǎng)。事實(shí)上,測(cè)試人員是產(chǎn)品發(fā)布的把關(guān)人,決定是否將軟件從一個(gè)環(huán)境移到另一個(gè)環(huán)境。

測(cè)試人員所需的基本技能主要是:
●檢查構(gòu)建日志,建立自動(dòng)化測(cè)試的正確功能,并理解軟件將如何在根目錄下運(yùn)行。
●此外,測(cè)試人員應(yīng)該積極參與交付過(guò)程,以指導(dǎo)軟件以更快的速度通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)生命周期,這一行動(dòng)有利于交付更高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品。
 

3.強(qiáng)調(diào)測(cè)試優(yōu)化

為了控制快速的DevOps生命周期,測(cè)試自動(dòng)化是一個(gè)基本的必要條件。在現(xiàn)有條件下,有必要考慮廣泛和允許關(guān)鍵的變更來(lái)增強(qiáng)測(cè)試自動(dòng)化過(guò)程。需要優(yōu)化總體測(cè)試策略以獲得滿意的結(jié)果。
根據(jù)專家的說(shuō)法,僅僅強(qiáng)調(diào)測(cè)試自動(dòng)化而沒(méi)有任何優(yōu)化DevOps測(cè)試策略的措施會(huì)限制所選工具的效率。相反地,如果測(cè)試優(yōu)化操作被系統(tǒng)地管理,它們通過(guò)激活單元、集成以及功能自動(dòng)化與手工測(cè)試的協(xié)調(diào)的正確協(xié)作來(lái)幫助提高效率。
 

4.及時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化

從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看,拖延解決問(wèn)題是有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的。因此,不應(yīng)該讓DevOps中的問(wèn)題惡化,因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)迅速升級(jí)。如果使用大量手動(dòng)測(cè)試而不是應(yīng)用自動(dòng)化測(cè)試,就會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的場(chǎng)景。

要解決這種情況,明智的做法是通過(guò)自動(dòng)化測(cè)試框架讓軟件在進(jìn)入生產(chǎn)階段之前完成自動(dòng)化測(cè)試。實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化的一種方法是通過(guò)將測(cè)試驅(qū)動(dòng)開(kāi)發(fā)(TDD)與行為驅(qū)動(dòng)開(kāi)發(fā)(BDD)的組合分層,以確??蓽y(cè)試性、更高的效率和促進(jìn)協(xié)作。

5.從云端到私有部署

對(duì)于一些組織來(lái)說(shuō),DevOps嚴(yán)重依賴于允許從業(yè)者規(guī)定和請(qǐng)求資源的云基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。這時(shí),內(nèi)部私有部署的云創(chuàng)建就顯得至關(guān)重要。在某些情況下,計(jì)劃提升DevOps的企業(yè)會(huì)與遺留的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施進(jìn)行斗爭(zhēng),以避免與高級(jí)工具的相互干擾。在大多數(shù)情況下,從云端到私有部署的轉(zhuǎn)換是成功采用DevOps測(cè)試策略的必要條件。

本文對(duì)正確的DevOps測(cè)試策略的重要性進(jìn)行了深刻的分析,上面提到的建議對(duì)于簡(jiǎn)化測(cè)試過(guò)程和交付無(wú)缺陷的軟件有極大幫助。您也可以咨詢專業(yè)的測(cè)試人員,這有助于更好地實(shí)施有效的DevOps測(cè)試策略。

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