Python3 中怎么解析html

Python3 中怎么解析html，針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，這篇文章詳細(xì)介紹了相對(duì)應(yīng)的分析和解答，希望可以幫助更多想解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的小伙伴找到更簡(jiǎn)單易行的方法。

輔助函數(shù)，主要用于獲取html并輸入解析后的結(jié)束

#把傳遞解析函數(shù)，便于下面的修改
def get_html(url, paraser=bs4_paraser):
 headers = {
  'Accept': '*/*',
  'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch',
  'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8',
  'Host': 'www.360kan.com',
  'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive',
  'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36'
 }
 request = urllib2.Request(url, headers=headers)
 response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
 response.encoding = 'utf-8'
 if response.code == 200:
  data = StringIO.StringIO(response.read())
  gzipper = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=data)
  data = gzipper.read()
  value = paraser(data) # open('E:/h6/haPkY0osd0r5UB.html').read()
  return value
 else:
  pass
 
 
value = get_html('http://www.360kan.com/m/haPkY0osd0r5UB.html', paraser=lxml_parser)
for row in value:
 print row

1，lxml.html的方式進(jìn)行解析，

The lxml XML toolkit is a Pythonic binding for the C libraries libxml2 and libxslt. It is unique in that it combines the speed and XML feature completeness of these libraries with the simplicity of a native Python API, mostly compatible but superior to the well-known ElementTree API. The latest release works with all CPython versions from 2.6 to 3.5. See the introduction for more information about background and goals of the lxml project. Some common questions are answered in the FAQ. [官網(wǎng)](http://lxml.de/)

def lxml_parser(page):
 data = []
 doc = etree.HTML(page)
 all_div = doc.xpath('//div[@class="yingping-list-wrap"]')
 for row in all_div:
  # 獲取每一個(gè)影評(píng)，即影評(píng)的item
  all_div_item = row.xpath('.//div[@class="item"]') # find_all('div', attrs={'class': 'item'})
  for r in all_div_item:
   value = {}
   # 獲取影評(píng)的標(biāo)題部分
   title = r.xpath('.//div[@class="g-clear title-wrap"][1]')
   value['title'] = title[0].xpath('./a/text()')[0]
   value['title_href'] = title[0].xpath('./a/@href')[0]
   score_text = title[0].xpath('./div/span/span/@style')[0]
   score_text = re.search(r'\d+', score_text).group()
   value['score'] = int(score_text) / 20
   # 時(shí)間
   value['time'] = title[0].xpath('./div/span[@class="time"]/text()')[0]
   # 多少人喜歡
   value['people'] = int(
     re.search(r'\d+', title[0].xpath('./div[@class="num"]/span/text()')[0]).group())
   data.append(value)
 return data

2，使用BeautifulSoup，不多說(shuō)了，大家網(wǎng)上找資料看看

def bs4_paraser(html):
 all_value = []
 value = {}
 soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
 # 獲取影評(píng)的部分
 all_div = soup.find_all('div', attrs={'class': 'yingping-list-wrap'}, limit=1)
 for row in all_div:
  # 獲取每一個(gè)影評(píng)，即影評(píng)的item
  all_div_item = row.find_all('div', attrs={'class': 'item'})
  for r in all_div_item:
   # 獲取影評(píng)的標(biāo)題部分
   title = r.find_all('div', attrs={'class': 'g-clear title-wrap'}, limit=1)
   if title is not None and len(title) > 0:
    value['title'] = title[0].a.string
    value['title_href'] = title[0].a['href']
    score_text = title[0].div.span.span['style']
    score_text = re.search(r'\d+', score_text).group()
    value['score'] = int(score_text) / 20
    # 時(shí)間
    value['time'] = title[0].div.find_all('span', attrs={'class': 'time'})[0].string
    # 多少人喜歡
    value['people'] = int(
      re.search(r'\d+', title[0].find_all('div', attrs={'class': 'num'})[0].span.string).group())
   # print r
   all_value.append(value)
   value = {}
 return all_value

3，使用SGMLParser，主要是通過(guò)start、end tag的方式進(jìn)行了，解析工程比較明朗，但是有點(diǎn)麻煩，而且該案例的場(chǎng)景不太適合該方法，（哈哈）

class CommentParaser(SGMLParser):
 def __init__(self):
  SGMLParser.__init__(self)
  self.__start_div_yingping = False
  self.__start_div_item = False
  self.__start_div_gclear = False
  self.__start_div_ratingwrap = False
  self.__start_div_num = False
  # a
  self.__start_a = False
  # span 3中狀態(tài)
  self.__span_state = 0
  # 數(shù)據(jù)
  self.__value = {}
  self.data = []
 
 def start_div(self, attrs):
  for k, v in attrs:
   if k == 'class' and v == 'yingping-list-wrap':
    self.__start_div_yingping = True
   elif k == 'class' and v == 'item':
    self.__start_div_item = True
   elif k == 'class' and v == 'g-clear title-wrap':
    self.__start_div_gclear = True
   elif k == 'class' and v == 'rating-wrap g-clear':
    self.__start_div_ratingwrap = True
   elif k == 'class' and v == 'num':
    self.__start_div_num = True
 
 def end_div(self):
  if self.__start_div_yingping:
   if self.__start_div_item:
    if self.__start_div_gclear:
     if self.__start_div_num or self.__start_div_ratingwrap:
      if self.__start_div_num:
       self.__start_div_num = False
      if self.__start_div_ratingwrap:
       self.__start_div_ratingwrap = False
     else:
      self.__start_div_gclear = False
    else:
     self.data.append(self.__value)
     self.__value = {}
     self.__start_div_item = False
   else:
    self.__start_div_yingping = False
 
 def start_a(self, attrs):
  if self.__start_div_yingping and self.__start_div_item and self.__start_div_gclear:
   self.__start_a = True
   for k, v in attrs:
    if k == 'href':
     self.__value['href'] = v
 
 def end_a(self):
  if self.__start_div_yingping and self.__start_div_item and self.__start_div_gclear and self.__start_a:
   self.__start_a = False
 
 def start_span(self, attrs):
  if self.__start_div_yingping and self.__start_div_item and self.__start_div_gclear:
   if self.__start_div_ratingwrap:
    if self.__span_state != 1:
     for k, v in attrs:
      if k == 'class' and v == 'rating':
       self.__span_state = 1
      elif k == 'class' and v == 'time':
       self.__span_state = 2
    else:
     for k, v in attrs:
      if k == 'style':
       score_text = re.search(r'\d+', v).group()
     self.__value['score'] = int(score_text) / 20
     self.__span_state = 3
   elif self.__start_div_num:
    self.__span_state = 4
 
 def end_span(self):
  self.__span_state = 0
 
 def handle_data(self, data):
  if self.__start_a:
   self.__value['title'] = data
  elif self.__span_state == 2:
   self.__value['time'] = data
  elif self.__span_state == 4:
   score_text = re.search(r'\d+', data).group()
   self.__value['people'] = int(score_text)
  pass
def sgl_parser(html):
 parser = CommentParaser()
 parser.feed(html)
 return parser.data

4,HTMLParaer，與3原理相識(shí)，就是調(diào)用的方法不太一樣，基本上可以公用，

class CommentHTMLParser(HTMLParser.HTMLParser):
 def __init__(self):
  HTMLParser.HTMLParser.__init__(self)
  self.__start_div_yingping = False
  self.__start_div_item = False
  self.__start_div_gclear = False
  self.__start_div_ratingwrap = False
  self.__start_div_num = False
  # a
  self.__start_a = False
  # span 3中狀態(tài)
  self.__span_state = 0
  # 數(shù)據(jù)
  self.__value = {}
  self.data = []
 
 def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
  if tag == 'div':
   for k, v in attrs:
    if k == 'class' and v == 'yingping-list-wrap':
     self.__start_div_yingping = True
    elif k == 'class' and v == 'item':
     self.__start_div_item = True
    elif k == 'class' and v == 'g-clear title-wrap':
     self.__start_div_gclear = True
    elif k == 'class' and v == 'rating-wrap g-clear':
     self.__start_div_ratingwrap = True
    elif k == 'class' and v == 'num':
     self.__start_div_num = True
  elif tag == 'a':
   if self.__start_div_yingping and self.__start_div_item and self.__start_div_gclear:
    self.__start_a = True
    for k, v in attrs:
     if k == 'href':
      self.__value['href'] = v
  elif tag == 'span':
   if self.__start_div_yingping and self.__start_div_item and self.__start_div_gclear:
    if self.__start_div_ratingwrap:
     if self.__span_state != 1:
      for k, v in attrs:
       if k == 'class' and v == 'rating':
        self.__span_state = 1
       elif k == 'class' and v == 'time':
        self.__span_state = 2
     else:
      for k, v in attrs:
       if k == 'style':
        score_text = re.search(r'\d+', v).group()
      self.__value['score'] = int(score_text) / 20
      self.__span_state = 3
    elif self.__start_div_num:
     self.__span_state = 4
 
 def handle_endtag(self, tag):
  if tag == 'div':
   if self.__start_div_yingping:
    if self.__start_div_item:
     if self.__start_div_gclear:
      if self.__start_div_num or self.__start_div_ratingwrap:
       if self.__start_div_num:
        self.__start_div_num = False
       if self.__start_div_ratingwrap:
        self.__start_div_ratingwrap = False
      else:
       self.__start_div_gclear = False
     else:
      self.data.append(self.__value)
      self.__value = {}
      self.__start_div_item = False
    else:
     self.__start_div_yingping = False
  elif tag == 'a':
   if self.__start_div_yingping and self.__start_div_item and self.__start_div_gclear and self.__start_a:
    self.__start_a = False
  elif tag == 'span':
   self.__span_state = 0
 
 def handle_data(self, data):
  if self.__start_a:
   self.__value['title'] = data
  elif self.__span_state == 2:
   self.__value['time'] = data
  elif self.__span_state == 4:
   score_text = re.search(r'\d+', data).group()
   self.__value['people'] = int(score_text)
  pass
def html_parser(html):
 parser = CommentHTMLParser()
 parser.feed(html)
 return parser.data

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