Go緩存設(shè)計：HashMap與緩存數(shù)據(jù)訪問緩存審計與追蹤

在Go語言中，設(shè)計一個高效的緩存系統(tǒng)需要考慮多個方面，包括緩存數(shù)據(jù)的存儲、訪問控制、審計和追蹤。以下是一個基于HashMap的緩存設(shè)計方案，結(jié)合了緩存審計和追蹤的功能。

1. 緩存數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)

首先，我們定義一個簡單的緩存數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，使用map[string]interface{}來存儲緩存數(shù)據(jù)。

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"sync"
	"time"
)

type Cache struct {
	mu        sync.RWMutex
	data      map[string]interface{}
	expiryMap map[string]time.Time
}

func NewCache() *Cache {
	return &Cache{
		data:      make(map[string]interface{}),
		expiryMap: make(map[string]time.Time),
	}
}

func (c *Cache) Set(key string, value interface{}, ttl time.Duration) {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	c.data[key] = value
	c.expiryMap[key] = time.Now().Add(ttl)
}

func (c *Cache) Get(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
	c.mu.RLock()
	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
	if expiry, ok := c.expiryMap[key]; ok && time.Now().After(expiry) {
		delete(c.data, key)
		delete(c.expiryMap, key)
		return nil, false
	}
	value, ok := c.data[key]
	return value, ok
}

func (c *Cache) Delete(key string) {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	delete(c.data, key)
	delete(c.expiryMap, key)
}

2. 緩存審計與追蹤

為了實現(xiàn)緩存審計和追蹤，我們可以引入日志記錄機制。每次緩存訪問時，記錄相關(guān)信息到日志文件中。

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"sync"
	"time"
)

type Cache struct {
	mu        sync.RWMutex
	data      map[string]interface{}
	expiryMap map[string]time.Time
	logger    *log.Logger
}

func NewCache(logger *log.Logger) *Cache {
	return &Cache{
		data:      make(map[string]interface{}),
		expiryMap: make(map[string]time.Time),
		logger:    logger,
	}
}

func (c *Cache) Set(key string, value interface{}, ttl time.Duration) {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	c.data[key] = value
	c.expiryMap[key] = time.Now().Add(ttl)
	c.logger.Printf("Cache set: key=%s, value=%v, ttl=%v", key, value, ttl)
}

func (c *Cache) Get(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
	c.mu.RLock()
	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
	if expiry, ok := c.expiryMap[key]; ok && time.Now().After(expiry) {
		c.logger.Printf("Cache miss: key=%s, expired", key)
		delete(c.data, key)
		delete(c.expiryMap, key)
		return nil, false
	}
	value, ok := c.data[key]
	if ok {
		c.logger.Printf("Cache hit: key=%s, value=%v", key, value)
	}
	return value, ok
}

func (c *Cache) Delete(key string) {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	delete(c.data, key)
	delete(c.expiryMap, key)
	c.logger.Printf("Cache deleted: key=%s", key)
}

3. 使用示例

以下是如何使用上述緩存系統(tǒng)的示例：

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"time"
)

func main() {
	logger := log.New(os.Stdout, "CACHE: ", log.LstdFlags)
	cache := NewCache(logger)

	cache.Set("key1", "value1", 5*time.Second)
	cache.Set("key2", "value2", 10*time.Second)

	if value, ok := cache.Get("key1"); ok {
		fmt.Println("Got value:", value)
	} else {
		fmt.Println("Key1 not found")
	}

	time.Sleep(6 * time.Second)

	if value, ok := cache.Get("key1"); ok {
		fmt.Println("Got value:", value)
	} else {
		fmt.Println("Key1 not found")
	}

	cache.Delete("key1")

	if value, ok := cache.Get("key1"); ok {
		fmt.Println("Got value:", value)
	} else {
		fmt.Println("Key1 not found")
	}
}

總結(jié)

這個設(shè)計方案提供了一個基于HashMap的緩存系統(tǒng)，并集成了緩存審計和追蹤功能。通過使用sync.RWMutex來保證并發(fā)安全，并使用日志記錄器來記錄緩存操作，可以實現(xiàn)對緩存訪問的監(jiān)控和分析。