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在Spring Boot中,我們可以使用一些現(xiàn)成的庫(kù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)API限流和熔斷功能。這里我們將介紹如何使用Guava RateLimiter實(shí)現(xiàn)限流,以及如何使用Hystrix實(shí)現(xiàn)熔斷。
首先,需要在項(xiàng)目中引入Guava依賴(lài):
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>30.1-jre</version>
</dependency>
接下來(lái),創(chuàng)建一個(gè)配置類(lèi),用于初始化RateLimiter:
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.RateLimiter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class RateLimiterConfig {
@Bean
public RateLimiter rateLimiter() {
return RateLimiter.create(1); // 設(shè)置每秒最多處理1個(gè)請(qǐng)求
}
}
現(xiàn)在,可以在Controller中使用@RateLimited
注解來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)限流:
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.RateLimiter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class ApiController {
@Autowired
private RateLimiter rateLimiter;
@GetMapping("/api")
public String api() {
if (!rateLimiter.tryAcquire()) {
return "Too many requests, please try again later.";
}
return "Hello, world!";
}
}
首先,需要在項(xiàng)目中引入Hystrix依賴(lài):
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
接下來(lái),創(chuàng)建一個(gè)配置類(lèi),用于啟用Hystrix并定義熔斷方法:
import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCommandGroupKey;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class HystrixConfig {
@Bean
public HelloWorldCommand helloWorldCommand() {
return new HelloWorldCommand();
}
}
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)HystrixCommand
接口的類(lèi):
import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCommandGroupKey;
public class HelloWorldCommand extends HystrixCommand<String> {
public HelloWorldCommand() {
super(HystrixCommandGroupKey.Factory.asKey("ExampleGroup"));
}
@Override
protected String run() {
// 調(diào)用遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)或執(zhí)行業(yè)務(wù)邏輯
return "Hello, world!";
}
@Override
protected String getFallback() {
// 返回熔斷時(shí)的備選方案
return "Service is unavailable, please try again later.";
}
}
現(xiàn)在,可以在Controller中使用@HystrixCommand
注解來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)熔斷:
import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCommand;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class ApiController {
@GetMapping("/api")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "helloWorldFallback")
public String api() {
return new HelloWorldCommand().execute();
}
public String helloWorldFallback() {
return "Service is unavailable, please try again later.";
}
}
這樣,當(dāng)HelloWorldCommand
執(zhí)行超時(shí)時(shí),將會(huì)調(diào)用helloWorldFallback
方法作為備選方案。
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