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1、圖的父類(lèi)
是一個(gè)抽象類(lèi),不能實(shí)類(lèi)化對(duì)象,應(yīng)具有的是抽象方法,提供一個(gè)接口,在由子類(lèi)繼承,實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的方法,
應(yīng)提供的共有抽象方法和保護(hù)的數(shù)據(jù):
public: virtual bool insertVertex(const Type &v) = 0; //插入頂點(diǎn) virtual bool insertEdge(const Type &v1, const Type &v2) = 0; //插入邊 virtual bool removeVertex(const Type &v) = 0; //刪除頂點(diǎn) virtual bool removeEdge(const Type &v1, const Type &v2) = 0; //刪除邊 virtual int getFirstNeighbor(const Type &v) = 0; //得到第一個(gè)相鄰頂點(diǎn) virtual int getNextNeighbor(const Type &v, const Type &w) = 0; //得到下一個(gè)相鄰頂點(diǎn) public: virtual int getVertexIndex(const Type &v)const = 0; //得到頂點(diǎn)下標(biāo) virtual void showGraph()const = 0; //顯示圖 protected: int maxVertices; //最大頂點(diǎn)數(shù) int curVertices; //當(dāng)前頂點(diǎn)數(shù) int curEdges; //當(dāng)前邊數(shù)
2、子類(lèi)繼承、實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的方法
C++實(shí)現(xiàn),繼承的體現(xiàn),是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)多態(tài)
(1)Graph.h
#ifndef _GRAPH_H_ #define _GRAPH_H_ #include<iostream> using namespace std; #define VERTEX_DEFAULT_SIZE 10 template<typename Type> class Graph{ public: bool isEmpty()const{ return curVertices == 0; } bool isFull()const{ if(curVertices >= maxVertices || curEdges >= curVertices*(curVertices-1)/2) return true; //圖滿(mǎn)有2種情況:(1)、當(dāng)前頂點(diǎn)數(shù)超過(guò)了最大頂點(diǎn)數(shù),存放頂點(diǎn)的空間已滿(mǎn) return false; //(2)、當(dāng)前頂點(diǎn)數(shù)并沒(méi)有滿(mǎn),但是當(dāng)前頂點(diǎn)所能達(dá)到的邊數(shù)已滿(mǎn) } int getCurVertex()const{ return curVertices; } int getCurEdge()const{ return curEdges; } public: virtual bool insertVertex(const Type &v) = 0; //插入頂點(diǎn) virtual bool insertEdge(const Type &v1, const Type &v2) = 0; //插入邊 virtual bool removeVertex(const Type &v) = 0; //刪除頂點(diǎn) virtual bool removeEdge(const Type &v1, const Type &v2) = 0; //刪除邊 virtual int getFirstNeighbor(const Type &v) = 0; //得到第一個(gè)相鄰頂點(diǎn) virtual int getNextNeighbor(const Type &v, const Type &w) = 0; //得到下一個(gè)相鄰頂點(diǎn) public: virtual int getVertexIndex(const Type &v)const = 0; //得到頂點(diǎn)下標(biāo) virtual void showGraph()const = 0; //顯示圖 protected: int maxVertices; //最大頂點(diǎn)數(shù) int curVertices; //當(dāng)前頂點(diǎn)數(shù) int curEdges; //當(dāng)前邊數(shù) }; ///////////////////////////////////////////////////下面先是鄰接矩陣 template<typename Type> class GraphMtx : public Graph<Type>{ //鄰接矩陣?yán)^承父類(lèi)矩陣 #define maxVertices Graph<Type>::maxVertices //因?yàn)槭悄0?,所以用父?lèi)的數(shù)據(jù)或方法都得加上作用域限定符 #define curVertices Graph<Type>::curVertices #define curEdges Graph<Type>::curEdges public: GraphMtx(int vertexSize = VERTEX_DEFAULT_SIZE){ //初始化鄰接矩陣 maxVertices = vertexSize > VERTEX_DEFAULT_SIZE ? vertexSize : VERTEX_DEFAULT_SIZE; vertexList = new Type[maxVertices]; //申請(qǐng)頂點(diǎn)空間 for(int i = 0; i < maxVertices; i++){ //都初始化為0 vertexList[i] = 0; } edge = new int*[maxVertices]; //申請(qǐng)邊的行 for(i = 0; i < maxVertices; i++){ //申請(qǐng)列空間 edge[i] = new int[maxVertices]; } for(i = 0; i < maxVertices; i++){ //賦初值為0 for(int j = 0; j < maxVertices; j++){ edge[i][j] = 0; } } curVertices = curEdges = 0; //當(dāng)前頂點(diǎn)和當(dāng)前邊數(shù) } GraphMtx(Type (*mt)[4], int sz){ //通過(guò)已有矩陣的初始化 int e = 0; //統(tǒng)計(jì)邊數(shù) maxVertices = sz > VERTEX_DEFAULT_SIZE ? sz : VERTEX_DEFAULT_SIZE; vertexList = new Type[maxVertices]; //申請(qǐng)頂點(diǎn)空間 for(int i = 0; i < maxVertices; i++){ //都初始化為0 vertexList[i] = 0; } edge = new int*[maxVertices]; //申請(qǐng)邊的行 for(i = 0; i < maxVertices; i++){ //申請(qǐng)列空間 edge[i] = new Type[maxVertices]; } for(i = 0; i < maxVertices; i++){ //賦初值為矩陣當(dāng)中的值 for(int j = 0; j < maxVertices; j++){ edge[i][j] = mt[i][j]; if(edge[i][j] != 0){ e++; //統(tǒng)計(jì)列的邊數(shù) } } } curVertices = sz; curEdges = e/2; } ~GraphMtx(){} public: bool insertVertex(const Type &v){ if(curVertices >= maxVertices){ return false; } vertexList[curVertices++] = v; return true; } bool insertEdge(const Type &v1, const Type &v2){ int maxEdges = curVertices*(curVertices-1)/2; if(curEdges >= maxEdges){ return false; } int v = getVertexIndex(v1); int w = getVertexIndex(v2); if(v==-1 || w==-1){ cout<<"edge no exit"<<endl; //要插入的頂點(diǎn)不存在,無(wú)法插入 return false; } if(edge[v][w] != 0){ //當(dāng)前邊已經(jīng)存在,不能進(jìn)行插入 return false; } edge[v][w] = edge[w][v] = 1; //因?yàn)槭菬o(wú)向圖,對(duì)稱(chēng)的,存在邊賦為1; return true; } //刪除頂點(diǎn)的高效方法 bool removeVertex(const Type &v){ int i = getVertexIndex(v); if(i == -1){ return false; } vertexList[i] = vertexList[curVertices-1]; int edgeCount = 0; for(int k = 0; k < curVertices; k++){ if(edge[i][k] != 0){ //統(tǒng)計(jì)刪除該行的邊數(shù) edgeCount++; } } //刪除行 for(int j = 0; j < curVertices; j++){ edge[i][j] = edge[curVertices-1][j]; } //刪除列 for(j = 0; j < curVertices; j++){ edge[j][i] = edge[j][curVertices-1]; } curVertices--; curEdges -= edgeCount; return true; } /* //刪除頂點(diǎn)用的是數(shù)組一個(gè)一個(gè)移動(dòng)的方法,效率太低。 bool removeVertex(const Type &v){ int i = getVertexIndex(v); if(i == -1){ return false; } for(int k = i; k < curVertices-1; ++k){ vertexList[k] = vertexList[k+1]; } int edgeCount = 0; for(int j = 0; j < curVertices; ++j){ if(edge[i][j] != 0) edgeCount++; } for(int k = i; k < curVertices-1; ++k) { for(int j = 0; j < curVertices; ++j) { edge[k][j] = edge[k+1][j]; } } for(int k = i; k < curVertices-1; ++k) { for(int j = 0; j < curVertices; ++j) { edge[j][k] = edge[j][k+1]; } } curVertices--; curEdges -= edgeCount; return true; } */ bool removeEdge(const Type &v1, const Type &v2){ int v = getVertexIndex(v1); int w = getVertexIndex(v2); if(v==-1 || w==-1){ //判斷要?jiǎng)h除的邊是否在當(dāng)前頂點(diǎn)內(nèi) return false; //頂點(diǎn)不存在 } if(edge[v][w] == 0){ //這個(gè)邊根本不存在,沒(méi)有必要?jiǎng)h return false; } edge[v][w] = edge[w][v] = 0; //刪除這個(gè)邊賦值為0,代表不存在; curEdges--; return true; } int getFirstNeighbor(const Type &v){ int i = getVertexIndex(v); if(i == -1){ return -1; } for(int col = 0; col < curVertices; col++){ if(edge[i][col] != 0){ return col; } } return -1; } int getNextNeighbor(const Type &v, const Type &w){ int i = getVertexIndex(v); int j = getVertexIndex(w); if(i==-1 || j==-1){ return -1; } for(int col = j+1; col < curVertices; col++){ if(edge[i][col] != 0){ return col; } } return -1; } public: void showGraph()const{ if(curVertices == 0){ cout<<"Nul Graph"<<endl; return; } for(int i = 0; i < curVertices; i++){ cout<<vertexList[i]<<" "; } cout<<endl; for(i = 0; i < curVertices; i++){ for(int j = 0; j < curVertices; j++){ cout<<edge[i][j]<<" "; } cout<<vertexList[i]<<endl; } } int getVertexIndex(const Type &v)const{ for(int i = 0; i < curVertices; i++){ if(vertexList[i] == v){ return i; } } return -1; } private: Type *vertexList; //存放頂點(diǎn)的數(shù)組 int **edge; //存放頂點(diǎn)關(guān)系的矩陣用邊表示 }; ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////下面是鄰接表 template<typename Type> class Edge{ //邊的存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) public: Edge(int num) : dest(num), link(NULL){} public: int dest; Edge *link; }; template<typename Type> class Vertex{ //頂點(diǎn)的存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) public: Type data; Edge<Type> *adj; }; template<typename Type> class GraphLnk : public Graph<Type>{ #define maxVertices Graph<Type>::maxVertices //因?yàn)槭悄0?,所以用父?lèi)的數(shù)據(jù)或方法都得加上作用域限定符 #define curVertices Graph<Type>::curVertices #define curEdges Graph<Type>::curEdges public: GraphLnk(int sz = VERTEX_DEFAULT_SIZE){ maxVertices = sz > VERTEX_DEFAULT_SIZE ? sz : VERTEX_DEFAULT_SIZE; vertexTable = new Vertex<Type>[maxVertices]; for(int i = 0; i < maxVertices; i++){ vertexTable[i].data = 0; vertexTable[i].adj = NULL; } curVertices = curEdges = 0; } public: bool insertVertex(const Type &v){ if(curVertices >= maxVertices){ return false; } vertexTable[curVertices++].data = v; return true; } bool insertEdge(const Type &v1, const Type &v2){ int v = getVertexIndex(v1); int w = getVertexIndex(v2); if(v==-1 || w==-1){ return false; } Edge<Type> *p = vertexTable[v].adj; while(p != NULL){ //這里主要判斷邊是否已經(jīng)存在 if(p->dest == w){ //無(wú)向圖,判斷一邊即可; return false; } p = p->link; } //v1-->v2 //采用頭插 Edge<Type> *s = new Edge<Type>(w); s->link = vertexTable[v].adj; vertexTable[v].adj = s; //v2-->v1 //采用頭插 Edge<Type> *q = new Edge<Type>(v); q->link = vertexTable[w].adj; vertexTable[w].adj = q; curEdges++; return true; } bool removeVertex(const Type &v){ int i = getVertexIndex(v); if(i == -1){ return false; } Edge<Type> *p = vertexTable[i].adj; while(p != NULL){ vertexTable[i].adj = p->link; int k = p->dest; Edge<Type> *q = vertexTable[k].adj; if(q->dest == i){ vertexTable[k].adj = q->link; delete q; }else{ while(q->link != NULL && q->link->dest != i){ q = q->link; } Edge<Type> *t = q->link; q->link = t->link; delete t; } delete p; p = vertexTable[i].adj; curEdges--; } curVertices--; //下面實(shí)行覆蓋 vertexTable[i].data = vertexTable[curVertices].data; vertexTable[i].adj = vertexTable[curVertices].adj; vertexTable[curVertices].adj = NULL; int k = curVertices; p = vertexTable[i].adj; while(p != NULL){ Edge<Type> *s = vertexTable[p->dest].adj; while(s != NULL){ if(s->dest == k){ s->dest = i; break; } s = s->link; } p = p->link; } return true; } bool removeEdge(const Type &v1, const Type &v2){ int i = getVertexIndex(v1); int j = getVertexIndex(v2); if(i==-1 || j==-1){ //保證頂點(diǎn)的保存在 return false; } //v1-->v2 Edge<Type> *p = vertexTable[i].adj; if(p == NULL){ //判斷有沒(méi)有邊 return false; } if(p->link == NULL && p->dest == j){ //刪除的是第一個(gè)邊,其后沒(méi)有邊了; vertexTable[i].adj = NULL; delete p; }else if(p->dest == j){ //刪除的是第一個(gè)邊,并且其后還有邊 vertexTable[i].adj = p->link; delete p; }else{ while(p->link != NULL){ if(p->link->dest == j){ Edge<Type> *q = p->link; p->link = q->link; delete q; } p = p->link; } } //v2-->v1 Edge<Type> *s = vertexTable[j].adj; if(s == NULL){ //判斷有沒(méi)有邊 return false; } if(s->link == NULL && s->dest == i){ //刪除的是第一個(gè)邊,其后沒(méi)有邊了; vertexTable[j].adj = NULL; delete s; curEdges--; return false; }else if(s->dest == i){ //刪除的是第一個(gè)邊,并且其后還有邊 vertexTable[j].adj = s->link; delete s; curEdges--; return true; }else{ while(s->link != NULL){ if(s->link->dest == i){ Edge<Type> *q = s->link; s->link = q->link; delete q; curEdges--; return true; } s = s->link; } } return true; } int getFirstNeighbor(const Type &v){ int i = getVertexIndex(v); if(i != -1){ Edge<Type> *p = vertexTable[i].adj; if(p != NULL){ return p->dest; } } return -1; } int getNextNeighbor(const Type &v, const Type &w){ int i = getVertexIndex(v); int j = getVertexIndex(w); if(i==-1 || j==-1){ return -1; } Edge<Type> *p = vertexTable[i].adj; while(p != NULL){ if(p->dest == j && p->link != NULL){ return p->link->dest; } p = p->link; } return -1; } public: int getVertexIndex(const Type &v)const{ for(int i = 0; i < curVertices; i++){ if(vertexTable[i].data == v){ return i; } } return -1; } void showGraph()const{ for(int i = 0; i < curVertices; i++){ cout<<vertexTable[i].data<<":-->"; Edge<Type> *p = vertexTable[i].adj; while(p != NULL){ cout<<p->dest<<"-->"; p = p->link; } cout<<"Nul. "<<endl; } } private: Vertex<Type> *vertexTable; //指向頂點(diǎn)的指針,是申請(qǐng)數(shù)組用的 }; #endif
(2)、Graph.cpp
#include"Graph.h" int main(void){ GraphMtx<char> gm; //鄰接矩陣 gm.insertVertex('A'); //插入頂點(diǎn) gm.insertVertex('B'); gm.insertVertex('C'); gm.insertVertex('D'); gm.insertEdge('A','B'); //插入邊 gm.insertEdge('A','D'); gm.insertEdge('B','C'); gm.insertEdge('C','D'); cout<<gm.getFirstNeighbor('A')<<endl; //B cout<<gm.getNextNeighbor('A','B')<<endl;//D gm.showGraph(); gm.removeEdge('A','B'); gm.removeVertex('B'); cout<<"-----------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl; gm.showGraph(); /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// GraphLnk<char> gl; //鄰接表 gl.insertVertex('A'); gl.insertVertex('B'); gl.insertVertex('C'); gl.insertVertex('D'); gl.insertEdge('A','B'); gl.insertEdge('A','D'); gl.insertEdge('B','C'); gl.insertEdge('C','D'); gl.showGraph(); cout<<gl.getFirstNeighbor('A')<<endl; cout<<gl.getNextNeighbor('A','B')<<endl; gl.removeEdge('B','C'); cout<<"---------------------"<<endl; gl.removeVertex('B'); gl.showGraph(); return 0; }
3、鄰接多重表
是一個(gè)十字交叉鏈的形式;在很大程度上節(jié)省了空間,還是要對(duì)鏈表的操作很熟悉;
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