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這篇文章主要講解了“Flutter加載圖片流程之ImageCache源碼分析”,文中的講解內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單清晰,易于學(xué)習(xí)與理解,下面請(qǐng)大家跟著小編的思路慢慢深入,一起來(lái)研究和學(xué)習(xí)“Flutter加載圖片流程之ImageCache源碼分析”吧!
const int _kDefaultSize = 1000; const int _kDefaultSizeBytes = 100 << 20; // 100 MiB /// Class for caching images. /// /// Implements a least-recently-used cache of up to 1000 images, and up to 100 /// MB. The maximum size can be adjusted using [maximumSize] and /// [maximumSizeBytes]. /// /// The cache also holds a list of 'live' references. An image is considered /// live if its [ImageStreamCompleter]'s listener count has never dropped to /// zero after adding at least one listener. The cache uses /// [ImageStreamCompleter.addOnLastListenerRemovedCallback] to determine when /// this has happened. /// /// The [putIfAbsent] method is the main entry-point to the cache API. It /// returns the previously cached [ImageStreamCompleter] for the given key, if /// available; if not, it calls the given callback to obtain it first. In either /// case, the key is moved to the 'most recently used' position. /// /// A caller can determine whether an image is already in the cache by using /// [containsKey], which will return true if the image is tracked by the cache /// in a pending or completed state. More fine grained information is available /// by using the [statusForKey] method. /// /// Generally this class is not used directly. The [ImageProvider] class and its /// subclasses automatically handle the caching of images. /// /// A shared instance of this cache is retained by [PaintingBinding] and can be /// obtained via the [imageCache] top-level property in the [painting] library. /// /// {@tool snippet} /// /// This sample shows how to supply your own caching logic and replace the /// global [imageCache] variable.
ImageCache類(lèi)是一個(gè)用于緩存圖像的類(lèi)。它實(shí)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)最近最少使用的緩存,最多緩存1000個(gè)圖像,最大緩存100MB。緩存的最大大小可以使用maximumSize和maximumSizeBytes進(jìn)行調(diào)整。
ImageCache還持有一個(gè)"活"圖像引用的列表。當(dāng)ImageStreamCompleter的監(jiān)聽(tīng)計(jì)數(shù)在添加至少一個(gè)監(jiān)聽(tīng)器后從未降至零時(shí),圖像被認(rèn)為是"活"的。緩存使用ImageStreamCompleter.addOnLastListenerRemovedCallback方法來(lái)確定這種情況是否發(fā)生。
putIfAbsent方法是緩存API的主要入口點(diǎn)。如果給定鍵的先前緩存中有ImageStreamCompleter可用,則返回該實(shí)例;否則,它將首先調(diào)用給定的回調(diào)函數(shù)來(lái)獲取該實(shí)例。在任何情況下,鍵都會(huì)被移到"最近使用"的位置。
調(diào)用者可以使用containsKey方法確定圖像是否已經(jīng)在緩存中。如果圖像以待處理或已處理狀態(tài)被緩存,containsKey將返回true。使用statusForKey方法可以獲得更細(xì)粒度的信息。
通常情況下,這個(gè)類(lèi)不會(huì)直接使用。ImageProvider類(lèi)及其子類(lèi)會(huì)自動(dòng)處理圖像緩存。
在PaintingBinding中保留了這個(gè)緩存的共享實(shí)例,并可以通過(guò)painting庫(kù)中的imageCache頂級(jí)屬性獲取。
final Map<Object, _PendingImage> _pendingImages = <Object, _PendingImage>{}; final Map<Object, _CachedImage> _cache = <Object, _CachedImage>{}; /// ImageStreamCompleters with at least one listener. These images may or may /// not fit into the _pendingImages or _cache objects. /// /// Unlike _cache, the [_CachedImage] for this may have a null byte size. final Map<Object, _LiveImage> _liveImages = <Object, _LiveImage>{};
這段代碼定義了三個(gè) Map
對(duì)象來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)圖片的緩存機(jī)制。其中:
_pendingImages
:用于緩存正在加載中的圖片,鍵為圖片的標(biāo)識(shí)符,值為 _PendingImage
對(duì)象。
_cache
:用于緩存已經(jīng)加載完成的圖片,鍵為圖片的標(biāo)識(shí)符,值為 _CachedImage
對(duì)象。
_liveImages
:用于緩存當(dāng)前正在使用中的圖片,即其對(duì)應(yīng)的 ImageStreamCompleter
對(duì)象有至少一個(gè)監(jiān)聽(tīng)器。鍵為圖片的標(biāo)識(shí)符,值為 _LiveImage
對(duì)象。
需要注意的是,_liveImages
中的 _LiveImage
對(duì)象的 byteSize
可能為 null
,而 _cache
中的 _CachedImage
對(duì)象的 byteSize
總是非空的。這是因?yàn)?nbsp;_cache
中的圖片已經(jīng)加載完成并占用了內(nèi)存,而 _liveImages
中的圖片可能還處于加載中或者被釋放了內(nèi)存,因此其大小可能還未確定或者已經(jīng)變?yōu)?nbsp;null
。
/// Maximum number of entries to store in the cache. /// /// Once this many entries have been cached, the least-recently-used entry is /// evicted when adding a new entry. int get maximumSize => _maximumSize; int _maximumSize = _kDefaultSize; /// Changes the maximum cache size. /// /// If the new size is smaller than the current number of elements, the /// extraneous elements are evicted immediately. Setting this to zero and then /// returning it to its original value will therefore immediately clear the /// cache. set maximumSize(int value) { assert(value != null); assert(value >= 0); if (value == maximumSize) { return; } TimelineTask? timelineTask; if (!kReleaseMode) { timelineTask = TimelineTask()..start( 'ImageCache.setMaximumSize', arguments: <String, dynamic>{'value': value}, ); } _maximumSize = value; if (maximumSize == 0) { clear(); } else { _checkCacheSize(timelineTask); } if (!kReleaseMode) { timelineTask!.finish(); } } /// The current number of cached entries. int get currentSize => _cache.length; /// Maximum size of entries to store in the cache in bytes. /// /// Once more than this amount of bytes have been cached, the /// least-recently-used entry is evicted until there are fewer than the /// maximum bytes. int get maximumSizeBytes => _maximumSizeBytes; int _maximumSizeBytes = _kDefaultSizeBytes; /// Changes the maximum cache bytes. /// /// If the new size is smaller than the current size in bytes, the /// extraneous elements are evicted immediately. Setting this to zero and then /// returning it to its original value will therefore immediately clear the /// cache. set maximumSizeBytes(int value) { assert(value != null); assert(value >= 0); if (value == _maximumSizeBytes) { return; } TimelineTask? timelineTask; if (!kReleaseMode) { timelineTask = TimelineTask()..start( 'ImageCache.setMaximumSizeBytes', arguments: <String, dynamic>{'value': value}, ); } _maximumSizeBytes = value; if (_maximumSizeBytes == 0) { clear(); } else { _checkCacheSize(timelineTask); } if (!kReleaseMode) { timelineTask!.finish(); } } /// The current size of cached entries in bytes. int get currentSizeBytes => _currentSizeBytes; int _currentSizeBytes = 0;
maximumSize
和maximumSizeBytes
用于控制緩存的大小。maximumSize
是緩存中最多可以存儲(chǔ)的元素?cái)?shù),超出該限制時(shí),添加新的元素會(huì)導(dǎo)致最近最少使用的元素被清除。maximumSizeBytes
是緩存中最多可以存儲(chǔ)的字節(jié)數(shù),超出該限制時(shí),添加新元素會(huì)導(dǎo)致最近最少使用的元素被清除,直到緩存中元素的字節(jié)總數(shù)小于最大值。currentSize
和currentSizeBytes
分別表示當(dāng)前緩存中元素的數(shù)量和字節(jié)總數(shù)。在緩存大小發(fā)生變化時(shí),會(huì)自動(dòng)清除多出的元素。
/// Evicts all pending and keepAlive entries from the cache. /// /// This is useful if, for instance, the root asset bundle has been updated /// and therefore new images must be obtained. /// /// Images which have not finished loading yet will not be removed from the /// cache, and when they complete they will be inserted as normal. /// /// This method does not clear live references to images, since clearing those /// would not reduce memory pressure. Such images still have listeners in the /// application code, and will still remain resident in memory. /// /// To clear live references, use [clearLiveImages]. void clear() { if (!kReleaseMode) { Timeline.instantSync( 'ImageCache.clear', arguments: <String, dynamic>{ 'pendingImages': _pendingImages.length, 'keepAliveImages': _cache.length, 'liveImages': _liveImages.length, 'currentSizeInBytes': _currentSizeBytes, }, ); } for (final _CachedImage image in _cache.values) { image.dispose(); } _cache.clear(); for (final _PendingImage pendingImage in _pendingImages.values) { pendingImage.removeListener(); } _pendingImages.clear(); _currentSizeBytes = 0; }
clear()
方法用于清除ImageCache中所有的待定和保持活動(dòng)狀態(tài)的圖像緩存。這對(duì)于需要獲取新圖像的情況非常有用,例如根資產(chǎn)包已更新。尚未完成加載的圖像不會(huì)從緩存中刪除,當(dāng)它們完成時(shí),它們將像往常一樣被插入。
此方法不清除圖像的活動(dòng)引用,因?yàn)檫@樣做不會(huì)減少內(nèi)存壓力。這些圖像仍然在應(yīng)用程序代碼中具有偵聽(tīng)器,并且仍將保留在內(nèi)存中。如果要清除活動(dòng)引用,請(qǐng)使用clearLiveImages()
方法。
/// Evicts a single entry from the cache, returning true if successful. /// /// Pending images waiting for completion are removed as well, returning true /// if successful. When a pending image is removed the listener on it is /// removed as well to prevent it from adding itself to the cache if it /// eventually completes. /// /// If this method removes a pending image, it will also remove /// the corresponding live tracking of the image, since it is no longer clear /// if the image will ever complete or have any listeners, and failing to /// remove the live reference could leave the cache in a state where all /// subsequent calls to [putIfAbsent] will return an [ImageStreamCompleter] /// that will never complete. /// /// If this method removes a completed image, it will _not_ remove the live /// reference to the image, which will only be cleared when the listener /// count on the completer drops to zero. To clear live image references, /// whether completed or not, use [clearLiveImages]. /// /// The `key` must be equal to an object used to cache an image in /// [ImageCache.putIfAbsent]. /// /// If the key is not immediately available, as is common, consider using /// [ImageProvider.evict] to call this method indirectly instead. /// /// The `includeLive` argument determines whether images that still have /// listeners in the tree should be evicted as well. This parameter should be /// set to true in cases where the image may be corrupted and needs to be /// completely discarded by the cache. It should be set to false when calls /// to evict are trying to relieve memory pressure, since an image with a /// listener will not actually be evicted from memory, and subsequent attempts /// to load it will end up allocating more memory for the image again. The /// argument must not be null. /// /// See also: /// /// * [ImageProvider], for providing images to the [Image] widget. bool evict(Object key, { bool includeLive = true }) { assert(includeLive != null); if (includeLive) { // Remove from live images - the cache will not be able to mark // it as complete, and it might be getting evicted because it // will never complete, e.g. it was loaded in a FakeAsync zone. // In such a case, we need to make sure subsequent calls to // putIfAbsent don't return this image that may never complete. final _LiveImage? image = _liveImages.remove(key); image?.dispose(); } final _PendingImage? pendingImage = _pendingImages.remove(key); if (pendingImage != null) { if (!kReleaseMode) { Timeline.instantSync('ImageCache.evict', arguments: <String, dynamic>{ 'type': 'pending', }); } pendingImage.removeListener(); return true; } final _CachedImage? image = _cache.remove(key); if (image != null) { if (!kReleaseMode) { Timeline.instantSync('ImageCache.evict', arguments: <String, dynamic>{ 'type': 'keepAlive', 'sizeInBytes': image.sizeBytes, }); } _currentSizeBytes -= image.sizeBytes!; image.dispose(); return true; } if (!kReleaseMode) { Timeline.instantSync('ImageCache.evict', arguments: <String, dynamic>{ 'type': 'miss', }); } return false; }
從緩存中刪除一個(gè)條目,如果成功則返回true。
同時(shí)刪除等待完成的待處理圖像,如果成功則返回true。當(dāng)刪除待處理的圖像時(shí),也將移除其上的監(jiān)聽(tīng)器,以防止其在最終完成后添加到緩存中。
如果此方法刪除了待處理的圖像,則它還將刪除圖像的相應(yīng)實(shí)時(shí)跟蹤,因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)無(wú)法確定圖像是否會(huì)完成或具有任何偵聽(tīng)器,并且未刪除實(shí)時(shí)引用可能會(huì)使緩存處于狀態(tài),其中所有后續(xù)對(duì) [putIfAbsent] 的調(diào)用都將返回一個(gè)永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)完成的 [ImageStreamCompleter]。
如果此方法刪除了已完成的圖像,則不會(huì)刪除圖像的實(shí)時(shí)引用,只有在監(jiān)聽(tīng)器計(jì)數(shù)為零時(shí)才會(huì)清除實(shí)時(shí)圖像引用。要清除已完成或未完成的實(shí)時(shí)圖像引用,請(qǐng)使用 [clearLiveImages]。
key
必須等于用于在 [ImageCache.putIfAbsent] 中緩存圖像的對(duì)象。
如果 key 不是立即可用的對(duì)象(這很常見(jiàn)),請(qǐng)考慮使用 [ImageProvider.evict] 間接調(diào)用此方法。
includeLive
參數(shù)確定是否也應(yīng)將仍具有樹(shù)中偵聽(tīng)器的圖像清除。在圖像可能損壞并需要完全丟棄緩存的情況下,應(yīng)將此參數(shù)設(shè)置為true。在嘗試緩解內(nèi)存壓力的情況下,應(yīng)將其設(shè)置為false,因?yàn)榫哂袀陕?tīng)器的圖像實(shí)際上不會(huì)從內(nèi)存中清除,后續(xù)嘗試加載它將再次為圖像分配更多內(nèi)存。該參數(shù)不能為空。
/// Updates the least recently used image cache with this image, if it is /// less than the [maximumSizeBytes] of this cache. /// /// Resizes the cache as appropriate to maintain the constraints of /// [maximumSize] and [maximumSizeBytes]. void _touch(Object key, _CachedImage image, TimelineTask? timelineTask) { assert(timelineTask != null); if (image.sizeBytes != null && image.sizeBytes! <= maximumSizeBytes && maximumSize > 0) { _currentSizeBytes += image.sizeBytes!; _cache[key] = image; _checkCacheSize(timelineTask); } else { image.dispose(); } }
如果圖片的大小小于此緩存的 [maximumSizeBytes],則使用此圖像更新最近最少使用的圖像緩存。
調(diào)整緩存大小以滿(mǎn)足 [maximumSize] 和 [maximumSizeBytes] 的約束。
// Remove images from the cache until both the length and bytes are below // maximum, or the cache is empty. void _checkCacheSize(TimelineTask? timelineTask) { final Map<String, dynamic> finishArgs = <String, dynamic>{}; TimelineTask? checkCacheTask; if (!kReleaseMode) { checkCacheTask = TimelineTask(parent: timelineTask)..start('checkCacheSize'); finishArgs['evictedKeys'] = <String>[]; finishArgs['currentSize'] = currentSize; finishArgs['currentSizeBytes'] = currentSizeBytes; } while (_currentSizeBytes > _maximumSizeBytes || _cache.length > _maximumSize) { final Object key = _cache.keys.first; final _CachedImage image = _cache[key]!; _currentSizeBytes -= image.sizeBytes!; image.dispose(); _cache.remove(key); if (!kReleaseMode) { (finishArgs['evictedKeys'] as List<String>).add(key.toString()); } } if (!kReleaseMode) { finishArgs['endSize'] = currentSize; finishArgs['endSizeBytes'] = currentSizeBytes; checkCacheTask!.finish(arguments: finishArgs); } assert(_currentSizeBytes >= 0); assert(_cache.length <= maximumSize); assert(_currentSizeBytes <= maximumSizeBytes); }
這段代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)了檢查緩存大小的邏輯,用于在緩存大小超過(guò)最大限制時(shí)從緩存中移除圖像以釋放內(nèi)存。
該方法首先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)空的字典對(duì)象 finishArgs
用于保存一些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),然后在非生產(chǎn)環(huán)境下創(chuàng)建一個(gè)時(shí)間線(xiàn)任務(wù) checkCacheTask
,用于記錄緩存檢查的時(shí)間。如果檢查任務(wù)存在,則將 evictedKeys
、currentSize
和 currentSizeBytes
添加到 finishArgs
中。
然后,使用 while
循環(huán),當(dāng)緩存大小超過(guò)最大限制時(shí),從 _cache
字典中刪除第一個(gè)元素,并釋放相關(guān)圖像的內(nèi)存。如果 checkCacheTask
存在,則將已刪除的元素的鍵添加到 evictedKeys
列表中。
當(dāng)循環(huán)結(jié)束時(shí),將 endSize
和 endSizeBytes
添加到 finishArgs
中,表示緩存檢查后的當(dāng)前大小和字節(jié)數(shù)。最后,如果 checkCacheTask
存在,則完成任務(wù)并將 finishArgs
作為參數(shù)傳遞。
最后,這個(gè)方法斷言 _currentSizeBytes
必須大于等于零, _cache
的長(zhǎng)度必須小于等于 maximumSize
, _currentSizeBytes
必須小于等于 maximumSizeBytes
。
void _trackLiveImage(Object key, ImageStreamCompleter completer, int? sizeBytes) { // Avoid adding unnecessary callbacks to the completer. _liveImages.putIfAbsent(key, () { // Even if no callers to ImageProvider.resolve have listened to the stream, // the cache is listening to the stream and will remove itself once the // image completes to move it from pending to keepAlive. // Even if the cache size is 0, we still add this tracker, which will add // a keep alive handle to the stream. return _LiveImage( completer, () { _liveImages.remove(key); }, ); }).sizeBytes ??= sizeBytes; }
/// Returns the previously cached [ImageStream] for the given key, if available; /// if not, calls the given callback to obtain it first. In either case, the /// key is moved to the 'most recently used' position. /// /// The arguments must not be null. The `loader` cannot return null. /// /// In the event that the loader throws an exception, it will be caught only if /// `onError` is also provided. When an exception is caught resolving an image, /// no completers are cached and `null` is returned instead of a new /// completer. ImageStreamCompleter? putIfAbsent(Object key, ImageStreamCompleter Function() loader, { ImageErrorListener? onError }) { assert(key != null); assert(loader != null); TimelineTask? timelineTask; TimelineTask? listenerTask; if (!kReleaseMode) { timelineTask = TimelineTask()..start( 'ImageCache.putIfAbsent', arguments: <String, dynamic>{ 'key': key.toString(), }, ); } ImageStreamCompleter? result = _pendingImages[key]?.completer; // Nothing needs to be done because the image hasn't loaded yet. if (result != null) { if (!kReleaseMode) { timelineTask!.finish(arguments: <String, dynamic>{'result': 'pending'}); } return result; } // Remove the provider from the list so that we can move it to the // recently used position below. // Don't use _touch here, which would trigger a check on cache size that is // not needed since this is just moving an existing cache entry to the head. final _CachedImage? image = _cache.remove(key); if (image != null) { if (!kReleaseMode) { timelineTask!.finish(arguments: <String, dynamic>{'result': 'keepAlive'}); } // The image might have been keptAlive but had no listeners (so not live). // Make sure the cache starts tracking it as live again. _trackLiveImage( key, image.completer, image.sizeBytes, ); _cache[key] = image; return image.completer; } final _LiveImage? liveImage = _liveImages[key]; if (liveImage != null) { _touch( key, _CachedImage( liveImage.completer, sizeBytes: liveImage.sizeBytes, ), timelineTask, ); if (!kReleaseMode) { timelineTask!.finish(arguments: <String, dynamic>{'result': 'keepAlive'}); } return liveImage.completer; } try { result = loader(); _trackLiveImage(key, result, null); } catch (error, stackTrace) { if (!kReleaseMode) { timelineTask!.finish(arguments: <String, dynamic>{ 'result': 'error', 'error': error.toString(), 'stackTrace': stackTrace.toString(), }); } if (onError != null) { onError(error, stackTrace); return null; } else { rethrow; } } if (!kReleaseMode) { listenerTask = TimelineTask(parent: timelineTask)..start('listener'); } // A multi-frame provider may call the listener more than once. We need do make // sure that some cleanup works won't run multiple times, such as finishing the // tracing task or removing the listeners bool listenedOnce = false; // We shouldn't use the _pendingImages map if the cache is disabled, but we // will have to listen to the image at least once so we don't leak it in // the live image tracking. final bool trackPendingImage = maximumSize > 0 && maximumSizeBytes > 0; late _PendingImage pendingImage; void listener(ImageInfo? info, bool syncCall) { int? sizeBytes; if (info != null) { sizeBytes = info.sizeBytes; info.dispose(); } final _CachedImage image = _CachedImage( result!, sizeBytes: sizeBytes, ); _trackLiveImage(key, result, sizeBytes); // Only touch if the cache was enabled when resolve was initially called. if (trackPendingImage) { _touch(key, image, listenerTask); } else { image.dispose(); } _pendingImages.remove(key); if (!listenedOnce) { pendingImage.removeListener(); } if (!kReleaseMode && !listenedOnce) { listenerTask!.finish(arguments: <String, dynamic>{ 'syncCall': syncCall, 'sizeInBytes': sizeBytes, }); timelineTask!.finish(arguments: <String, dynamic>{ 'currentSizeBytes': currentSizeBytes, 'currentSize': currentSize, }); } listenedOnce = true; } final ImageStreamListener streamListener = ImageStreamListener(listener); pendingImage = _PendingImage(result, streamListener); if (trackPendingImage) { _pendingImages[key] = pendingImage; } // Listener is removed in [_PendingImage.removeListener]. result.addListener(streamListener); return result; }
這個(gè)是圖片緩存的核心方法。
(調(diào)用此方法不會(huì)減輕內(nèi)存壓力,因?yàn)榛顒?dòng)圖像緩存僅跟蹤同時(shí)由至少一個(gè)其他對(duì)象持有的圖像實(shí)例。)
/// Clears any live references to images in this cache. /// /// An image is considered live if its [ImageStreamCompleter] has never hit /// zero listeners after adding at least one listener. The /// [ImageStreamCompleter.addOnLastListenerRemovedCallback] is used to /// determine when this has happened. /// /// This is called after a hot reload to evict any stale references to image /// data for assets that have changed. Calling this method does not relieve /// memory pressure, since the live image caching only tracks image instances /// that are also being held by at least one other object. void clearLiveImages() { for (final _LiveImage image in _liveImages.values) { image.dispose(); } _liveImages.clear(); }
清除此緩存中任何圖像的現(xiàn)有引用。
如果一個(gè)圖像的 [ImageStreamCompleter] 至少添加了一個(gè)偵聽(tīng)器并且從未達(dá)到零偵聽(tīng)器,則認(rèn)為該圖像是“現(xiàn)有的”。
[ImageStreamCompleter.addOnLastListenerRemovedCallback] 用于確定是否發(fā)生了這種情況。
在熱重載之后調(diào)用此方法以清除對(duì)已更改資產(chǎn)的圖像數(shù)據(jù)的任何過(guò)時(shí)引用。
調(diào)用此方法不會(huì)減輕內(nèi)存壓力,因?yàn)榛顒?dòng)圖像緩存僅跟蹤同時(shí)由至少一個(gè)其他對(duì)象持有的圖像實(shí)例。
_pendingImages 正在加載中的緩存,這個(gè)有什么作用呢? 假設(shè)Widget1加載了圖片A,Widget2也在這個(gè)時(shí)候加載了圖片A,那這時(shí)候Widget就復(fù)用了這個(gè)加載中的緩存
_cache 已經(jīng)加載成功的圖片緩存
_liveImages 存活的圖片緩存,看代碼主要是在CacheImage之外再加一層緩存。收到內(nèi)存警告時(shí), 調(diào)用clear()方法清除緩存時(shí), 并不是清除_liveImages, 因?yàn)楣俜浇忉? 因?yàn)檫@樣做不會(huì)減少內(nèi)存壓力。
感謝各位的閱讀,以上就是“Flutter加載圖片流程之ImageCache源碼分析”的內(nèi)容了,經(jīng)過(guò)本文的學(xué)習(xí)后,相信大家對(duì)Flutter加載圖片流程之ImageCache源碼分析這一問(wèn)題有了更深刻的體會(huì),具體使用情況還需要大家實(shí)踐驗(yàn)證。這里是億速云,小編將為大家推送更多相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的文章,歡迎關(guān)注!
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