PHP適配器模式怎么應(yīng)用

今天小編給大家分享一下PHP適配器模式怎么應(yīng)用的相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，內(nèi)容詳細(xì)，邏輯清晰，相信大部分人都還太了解這方面的知識(shí)，所以分享這篇文章給大家參考一下，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后有所收獲，下面我們一起來(lái)了解一下吧。

PHP 適配器模式講解和代碼示例

適配器是一種結(jié)構(gòu)型設(shè)計(jì)模式， 它能使不兼容的對(duì)象能夠相互合作。

適配器可擔(dān)任兩個(gè)對(duì)象間的封裝器， 它會(huì)接收對(duì)于一個(gè)對(duì)象的調(diào)用， 并將其轉(zhuǎn)換為另一個(gè)對(duì)象可識(shí)別的格式和接口。

復(fù)雜度：******

流行度：******

使用示例： 適配器模式在 PHP 代碼中很常見(jiàn)。 基于一些遺留代碼的系統(tǒng)常常會(huì)使用該模式。 在這種情況下， 適配器讓遺留代碼與現(xiàn)代的類得以相互合作。

識(shí)別方法： 適配器可以通過(guò)以不同抽象或接口類型實(shí)例為參數(shù)的構(gòu)造函數(shù)來(lái)識(shí)別。 當(dāng)適配器的任何方法被調(diào)用時(shí)， 它會(huì)將參數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換為合適的格式， 然后將調(diào)用定向到其封裝對(duì)象中的一個(gè)或多個(gè)方法。

• 真實(shí)世界示例

適配器允許你使用第三方或遺留系統(tǒng)的類， 即使它們與你的代碼不兼容。 例如， 你可以創(chuàng)建一系列特殊的封裝器， 來(lái)讓應(yīng)用所發(fā)出的調(diào)用與第三方類所要求的接口與格式適配， 而無(wú)需重寫應(yīng)用的通知接口以使其支持每一個(gè)第三方服務(wù) （如釘釘、 微信、 短信或其他任何服務(wù)）。

index.php: 真實(shí)世界示例

<?php

namespace RefactoringGuru\Adapter\RealWorld;

/**
 * The Target interface represents the interface that your application's classes
 * already follow.
 */
interface Notification
{
    public function send(string $title, string $message);
}

/**
 * Here's an example of the existing class that follows the Target interface.
 *
 * The truth is that many real apps may not have this interface clearly defined.
 * If you're in that boat, your best bet would be to extend the Adapter from one
 * of your application's existing classes. If that's awkward (for instance,
 * SlackNotification doesn't feel like a subclass of EmailNotification), then
 * extracting an interface should be your first step.
 */
class EmailNotification implements Notification
{
    private $adminEmail;

    public function __construct(string $adminEmail)
    {
        $this->adminEmail = $adminEmail;
    }

    public function send(string $title, string $message): void
    {
        mail($this->adminEmail, $title, $message);
        echo "Sent email with title '$title' to '{$this->adminEmail}' that says '$message'.";
    }
}

/**
 * The Adaptee is some useful class, incompatible with the Target interface. You
 * can't just go in and change the code of the class to follow the Target
 * interface, since the code might be provided by a 3rd-party library.
 */
class SlackApi
{
    private $login;
    private $apiKey;

    public function __construct(string $login, string $apiKey)
    {
        $this->login = $login;
        $this->apiKey = $apiKey;
    }

    public function logIn(): void
    {
        // Send authentication request to Slack web service.
        echo "Logged in to a slack account '{$this->login}'.\n";
    }

    public function sendMessage(string $chatId, string $message): void
    {
        // Send message post request to Slack web service.
        echo "Posted following message into the '$chatId' chat: '$message'.\n";
    }
}

/**
 * The Adapter is a class that links the Target interface and the Adaptee class.
 * In this case, it allows the application to send notifications using Slack
 * API.
 */
class SlackNotification implements Notification
{
    private $slack;
    private $chatId;

    public function __construct(SlackApi $slack, string $chatId)
    {
        $this->slack = $slack;
        $this->chatId = $chatId;
    }

    /**
     * An Adapter is not only capable of adapting interfaces, but it can also
     * convert incoming data to the format required by the Adaptee.
     */
    public function send(string $title, string $message): void
    {
        $slackMessage = "#" . $title . "# " . strip_tags($message);
        $this->slack->logIn();
        $this->slack->sendMessage($this->chatId, $slackMessage);
    }
}

/**
 * The client code can work with any class that follows the Target interface.
 */
function clientCode(Notification $notification)
{
    // ...

    echo $notification->send("Website is down!",
        "<strong style='color:red;font-size: 50px;'>Alert!</strong> " .
        "Our website is not responding. Call admins and bring it up!");

    // ...
}

echo "Client code is designed correctly and works with email notifications:\n";
$notification = new EmailNotification("developers@example.com");
clientCode($notification);
echo "\n\n";


echo "The same client code can work with other classes via adapter:\n";
$slackApi = new SlackApi("example.com", "XXXXXXXX");
$notification = new SlackNotification($slackApi, "Example.com Developers");
clientCode($notification);

Output.txt: 執(zhí)行結(jié)果

Client code is designed correctly and works with email notifications:
Sent email with title 'Website is down!' to 'developers@example.com' that says '<strong style='color:red;font-size: 50px;'>Alert!</strong> Our website is not responding. Call admins and bring it up!'.
The same client code can work with other classes via adapter:
Logged in to a slack account 'example.com'.
Posted following message into the 'Example.com Developers' chat: '#Website is down!# Alert! Our website is not responding. Call admins and bring it up!'.

• 概念示例

本例說(shuō)明了適配器設(shè)計(jì)模式的結(jié)構(gòu)并重點(diǎn)回答了下面的問(wèn)題：

• 它由哪些類組成？

• 這些類扮演了哪些角色？

• 模式中的各個(gè)元素會(huì)以何種方式相互關(guān)聯(lián)？

了解該模式的結(jié)構(gòu)后， 你可以更容易地理解下面基于真實(shí)世界的 PHP 應(yīng)用案例。

index.php:  概念示例

<?php

namespace RefactoringGuru\Adapter\Conceptual;

/**
 * The Target defines the domain-specific interface used by the client code.
 */
class Target
{
    public function request(): string
    {
        return "Target: The default target's behavior.";
    }
}

/**
 * The Adaptee contains some useful behavior, but its interface is incompatible
 * with the existing client code. The Adaptee needs some adaptation before the
 * client code can use it.
 */
class Adaptee
{
    public function specificRequest(): string
    {
        return ".eetpadA eht fo roivaheb laicepS";
    }
}

/**
 * The Adapter makes the Adaptee's interface compatible with the Target's
 * interface.
 */
class Adapter extends Target
{
    private $adaptee;

    public function __construct(Adaptee $adaptee)
    {
        $this->adaptee = $adaptee;
    }

    public function request(): string
    {
        return "Adapter: (TRANSLATED) " . strrev($this->adaptee->specificRequest());
    }
}

/**
 * The client code supports all classes that follow the Target interface.
 */
function clientCode(Target $target)
{
    echo $target->request();
}

echo "Client: I can work just fine with the Target objects:\n";
$target = new Target();
clientCode($target);
echo "\n\n";

$adaptee = new Adaptee();
echo "Client: The Adaptee class has a weird interface. See, I don't understand it:\n";
echo "Adaptee: " . $adaptee->specificRequest();
echo "\n\n";

echo "Client: But I can work with it via the Adapter:\n";
$adapter = new Adapter($adaptee);
clientCode($adapter);

Output.txt:  執(zhí)行結(jié)果

Client: I can work just fine with the Target objects:
Target: The default target's behavior.

Client: The Adaptee class has a weird interface. See, I don't understand it:
Adaptee: .eetpadA eht fo roivaheb laicepS

Client: But I can work with it via the Adapter:
Adapter: (TRANSLATED) Special behavior of the Adaptee.

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