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這篇“PHP如何實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求”文章的知識點大部分人都不太理解,所以小編給大家總結(jié)了以下內(nèi)容,內(nèi)容詳細,步驟清晰,具有一定的借鑒價值,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章能有所收獲,下面我們一起來看看這篇“PHP如何實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求”文章吧。
一、分析php發(fā)送網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求的方法
對于php發(fā)送網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求,我們最常用的請求就是curl,有時我們也會用到file_get_contents函數(shù)發(fā)送網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求,但file_get_contents只能完成一些間單的網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求,稍復(fù)雜的就無法完成,例如文件上傳,cookies,驗證,表單提交等,用php的curl可以使用URL的語法模擬瀏覽器來傳輸數(shù)據(jù),因為它是模擬瀏覽器,因此它同樣支持多種協(xié)議,F(xiàn)TP, FTPS, HTTP, HTTPS, GOPHER, TELNET, DICT, FILE 以及 LDAP等協(xié)議都可以很好的支持,包括一些:HTTPS認證,HTTP POST方法,HTTP PUT方法,F(xiàn)TP上傳,keyberos認證,HTTP上傳,代理服務(wù)器,cookies,用戶名/密碼認證,下載文件斷點續(xù)傳,上傳文件斷點續(xù)傳,http代理服務(wù)器管道,甚至它還支持IPv6,scoket5代理服務(wù)器,通過http代理服務(wù)器上傳文件到FTP服務(wù)器等等,所以我們在開發(fā)中盡量用curl發(fā)網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求,無論是簡單還是復(fù)雜
二、file_get_contents發(fā)送網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求示例
file_get_contents(path,include_path,context,start,max_length)
一般用file_get_contents或者fopen, file , readfile等函數(shù)讀取url的時候 會創(chuàng)建一個$http_response_header變量保存HTTP響應(yīng)的報頭,使用fopen等函數(shù)打開的數(shù)據(jù)流信息可以用stream_get_meta_data獲取
$html = file_get_contents('http://www.baidu.com'); print_r($http_response_header); $fp = fopen('http://www.baidu.com', 'r'); print_r(stream_get_meta_data($fp)); fclose($fp);
摸擬post請求:
$url = 'http://192.168.1.1/test.php'; $data = array( 'keyword' => 'test data', ); $content = http_build_query($data); $content_length = strlen($content); $options = array( 'http' => array( 'method' => 'POST', 'header' => "Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n" . "Content-length: $content_length\r\n", 'content' => $content ) ); echo file_get_contents($url, false, stream_context_create($options));
三、php 用curl發(fā)送網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求
curl可以支持https認證、http post、ftp上傳、代理、cookies、簡單口令認證等等功能,使用前需要先在你的PHP環(huán)境中安裝和啟用curl模塊,這里有兩種寫法供大家參考:
<?php function geturl($url){ $headerArray =array("Content-type:application/json;","Accept:application/json"); $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, FALSE); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,$headerArray); $output = curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); $output = json_decode($output,true); return $output; } function posturl($url,$data){ $data = json_encode($data); $headerArray =array("Content-type:application/json;charset='utf-8'","Accept:application/json"); $curl = curl_init(); curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, $url); curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, FALSE); curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST,FALSE); curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POST, 1); curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data); curl_setopt($curl,CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,$headerArray); curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); $output = curl_exec($curl); curl_close($curl); return json_decode($output,true); } function puturl($url,$data){ $data = json_encode($data); $ch = curl_init(); //初始化CURL句柄 curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url); //設(shè)置請求的URL curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Content-type:application/json')); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1); //設(shè)為TRUE把curl_exec()結(jié)果轉(zhuǎn)化為字串,而不是直接輸出 curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST,"PUT"); //設(shè)置請求方式 curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);//設(shè)置提交的字符串 $output = curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); return json_decode($output,true); } function delurl($url,$data){ $data = json_encode($data); $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt ($ch,CURLOPT_URL,$put_url); curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Content-type:application/json')); curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "DELETE"); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,$data); $output = curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); $output = json_decode($output,true); } function patchurl($url,$data){ $data = json_encode($data); $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt ($ch,CURLOPT_URL,$url); curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Content-type:application/json')); curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "PATCH"); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,$data); //20170611修改接口,用/id的方式傳遞,直接寫在url中了 $output = curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); $output = json_decode($output); return $output; } ?>
一個函數(shù)片時各種請求:
function sendCurl($url, $data = null,$method='POST') { $method=strtoupper($method); $start_wdmcurl_time = microtime(true); $header = array(' application/x-www-form-urlencoded'); $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, false); // https 請求 if (strlen($url) > 5 && strtolower(substr($url, 0, 5)) == "https") { curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, false); } if($method=='GET'){ if($data && is_array($data) && count($data)>0 ){ $url.="?".http_build_query($data); } curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url); }elseif($method=='POST'){ curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data); if (is_array($data) && count($data)>0) { curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, true); $isPostMultipart = false; foreach ($data as $k => $v) { if ('@' == substr($v, 0, 1)) { $isPostMultipart = true; break; } } unset($k, $v); if ($isPostMultipart) { curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data); } else { curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query($data)); } } }elseif(in_array($method,['PUT','DELETE','PATCH'])){ curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST,$method); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data); } curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,$header); $reponse = curl_exec($ch); curl_close($ch); return $reponse; }
四、使用php composer的擴展guzzlehttp
composer require guzzlehttp/guzzle
$client = new \GuzzleHttp\Client(); $response = $client->request('GET', 'https://api.github.com/repos/guzzle/guzzle'); echo $response->getStatusCode(); // 200 echo $response->getHeaderLine('content-type'); // 'application/json; charset=utf8' echo $response->getBody(); // '{"id": 1420053, "name": "guzzle", ...}' // Send an asynchronous request. $request = new \GuzzleHttp\Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org'); $promise = $client->sendAsync($request)->then(function ($response) { echo 'I completed! ' . $response->getBody(); }); $promise->wait();
日常開發(fā)中我們盡量用方法三,自定義用curl處理網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求,或用composer的guzzlehttp擴展庫,有起來也很方便。
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