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本篇內(nèi)容介紹了“HttpClient連接池及重試機(jī)制是什么”的有關(guān)知識(shí),在實(shí)際案例的操作過程中,不少人都會(huì)遇到這樣的困境,接下來就讓小編帶領(lǐng)大家學(xué)習(xí)一下如何處理這些情況吧!希望大家仔細(xì)閱讀,能夠?qū)W有所成!
HttpClient 是Apache Jakarta Common 下的子項(xiàng)目,可以用來提供高效的、最新的、功能豐富的支持 HTTP 協(xié)議的客戶端編程工具包,基于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的java語言。
支持HTTP和HTTPS協(xié)議
實(shí)現(xiàn)了HTTP的方法,GET,POST,PUT,DELETE等方法。
連接管理器支持多線程的應(yīng)用。
可以設(shè)置連接超時(shí)
使用HttpClient發(fā)送請(qǐng)求,接收響應(yīng)可以分為一下幾步:
創(chuàng)建HttpClient對(duì)象
創(chuàng)建請(qǐng)求方法的實(shí)例,并且指定URL
發(fā)送請(qǐng)求參數(shù),GET請(qǐng)求和POST請(qǐng)求發(fā)送參數(shù)的方式有所不同
調(diào)用HttpClient對(duì)象的execute方法,返回HttpResponse對(duì)象
調(diào)用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可獲取服務(wù)器的響應(yīng)頭;調(diào)用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可獲取HttpEntity對(duì)象,該對(duì)象包裝了服務(wù)器的響應(yīng)內(nèi)容
連接釋放。無論成功與否,必須釋放連接
筆者用到的版本是4.5.5,由于是maven工程,需要在pom文件引入對(duì)應(yīng)的坐標(biāo)。
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.5.5</version> </dependency>
package cn.htjc.customer.util; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; import org.apache.http.client.ServiceUnavailableRetryStrategy; import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig; import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder; import org.apache.http.config.Registry; import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder; import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory; import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy; import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType; import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager; import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext; import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContextBuilder; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.SocketTimeoutException; import java.net.URI; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; @Slf4j public class HttpClientUtil { // utf-8字符編碼 private static final String CHARSET_UTF_8 = "utf-8"; // HTTP內(nèi)容類型。相當(dāng)于form表單的形式,提交數(shù)據(jù) private static final String CONTENT_TYPE_FORM_URL = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"; // 連接管理器 private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager pool; // 請(qǐng)求配置 private static RequestConfig requestConfig; static { try { log.info("初始自定義HttpClient......開始"); SSLContextBuilder builder = new SSLContextBuilder(); builder.loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()); SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(builder.build()); // 配置同時(shí)支持 HTTP 和 HTPPS Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create() .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory()) .register("https", sslsf).build(); // 初始化連接管理器 pool = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager( socketFactoryRegistry); // 設(shè)置連接池的最大連接數(shù) pool.setMaxTotal(200); // 設(shè)置每個(gè)路由上的默認(rèn)連接個(gè)數(shù) pool.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(20); // 根據(jù)默認(rèn)超時(shí)限制初始化requestConfig // 客戶端從服務(wù)器讀取數(shù)據(jù)的timeout int socketTimeout = 1000; // 客戶端和服務(wù)器建立連接的timeout int connectTimeout = 10000; // 從連接池獲取連接的timeout int connectionRequestTimeout = 10000; //設(shè)置請(qǐng)求超時(shí)時(shí)間 requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout( connectionRequestTimeout).setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout).setConnectTimeout( connectTimeout).build(); log.info("初始自定義HttpClient......結(jié)束"); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("初始自定義HttpClient......失敗"); } } private HttpClientUtil() { } private static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient() { // 狀態(tài)碼是503的時(shí)候,該策略生效 ServiceUnavailableRetryStrategy serviceUnavailableRetryStrategy = new ServiceUnavailableRetryStrategy() { @Override public boolean retryRequest(HttpResponse httpResponse, int i, HttpContext httpContext) { if (i < 3) { log.info("ServiceUnavailableRetryStrategy========================"+i); return true; } return false; } @Override public long getRetryInterval() { return 2000L; } }; CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom() // 設(shè)置連接池管理 .setConnectionManager(pool) // 設(shè)置請(qǐng)求配置 .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig) // 設(shè)置重試次數(shù) .setRetryHandler(new DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler()) .setServiceUnavailableRetryStrategy(serviceUnavailableRetryStrategy) .build(); return httpClient; } public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> param) { // 創(chuàng)建Httpclient對(duì)象 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = getHttpClient(); String resultString = ""; CloseableHttpResponse response = null; try { // 創(chuàng)建uri URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url); if (param != null) { for (String key : param.keySet()) { builder.addParameter(key, param.get(key)); } } URI uri = builder.build(); // 創(chuàng)建http GET請(qǐng)求 HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri); // 執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求 response = httpClient.execute(httpGet); // 判斷返回狀態(tài)是否為200 if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) { resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), CHARSET_UTF_8); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (response != null) { response.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return resultString; } public static String doGet(String url) { return doGet(url, null); } public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> param) { // 創(chuàng)建Httpclient對(duì)象 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = getHttpClient(); CloseableHttpResponse response = null; String resultString = ""; try { // 創(chuàng)建Http Post請(qǐng)求 HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); // 創(chuàng)建參數(shù)列表 if (param != null) { List<NameValuePair> paramList = new ArrayList<>(); for (String key : param.keySet()) { paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, param.get(key))); } // 模擬表單 UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList, CHARSET_UTF_8); entity.setContentType(CONTENT_TYPE_FORM_URL); httpPost.setEntity(entity); } // 執(zhí)行http請(qǐng)求main response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), CHARSET_UTF_8); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (response != null) { response.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return resultString; } public static String doPost(String url) { return doPost(url, null); } public static String doPostJson(String url, String json) { // 創(chuàng)建Httpclient對(duì)象 CloseableHttpClient httpClient = getHttpClient(); CloseableHttpResponse response = null; String resultString = ""; try { // 創(chuàng)建Http Post請(qǐng)求 HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); // 創(chuàng)建請(qǐng)求內(nèi)容 StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON); httpPost.setEntity(entity); // 執(zhí)行http請(qǐng)求 response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), CHARSET_UTF_8); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (response != null) { response.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return resultString; } }
代碼中出現(xiàn)了@Slf4j,作用是引入log,手動(dòng)打印日志。這個(gè)注解是lombok的注解。
解釋一下,什么是Route?
Route的概念可以理解為客戶端機(jī)器到目標(biāo)機(jī)器的一條線路,例如使用HttpClient的實(shí)現(xiàn)來分別請(qǐng)求 www.163.com 的資源和 www.sina.com 的資源就會(huì)產(chǎn)生兩個(gè)route。缺省條件下對(duì)于每個(gè)Route,HttpClient僅維護(hù)2個(gè)連接,總數(shù)不超過20個(gè)連接。
1 為什么要使用http連接池?
延遲降低,如果不使用連接池,每次發(fā)起的http請(qǐng)求都會(huì)重新建立tcp連接(三次握手),用完就會(huì)關(guān)閉連接(4次握手),采用連接池則會(huì)減少這不是分時(shí)間的消耗。連接池管理的對(duì)象都是長(zhǎng)連接。
支持更大的并發(fā),由于連接池只適用于請(qǐng)求經(jīng)常訪問同一主機(jī)(或同一端口的情況),連接池避免了反復(fù)建立連接,搶占端口資源的情況,如果沒用連接池,可能導(dǎo)致連接建立不了。
2 設(shè)置超時(shí)時(shí)間
首先要明白三個(gè)概念:socketTimeout,connectTimeout,connectionRequestTimeout。
socketTimeout
:客戶端和服務(wù)器讀取數(shù)據(jù)的timeout
connectTimeout
:客戶端和服務(wù)器建立連接的timeout
connectionRequestTimeout
:從連接池獲取連接的timeout
3 解釋:一次http請(qǐng)求
一次http請(qǐng)求,必定會(huì)有三個(gè)階段,一:建立連接;二:數(shù)據(jù)傳送;三,斷開連接。
當(dāng)建立連接在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)(ConnectionTimeOut )沒有完成,那么此次連接就結(jié)束了。后續(xù)的SocketTimeOutException就一定不會(huì)發(fā)生。只有當(dāng)連接建立起來后,
也就是沒有發(fā)生ConnectionTimeOutException ,才會(huì)開始傳輸數(shù)據(jù),如果數(shù)據(jù)在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)(SocketTimeOut)傳輸完畢,則斷開連接。否則,觸發(fā)SocketTimeOutException。
上面說了這么多,就是為了引出下面的重試問題。由于項(xiàng)目中要訪問外部接口,訪問接口的時(shí)候,偶爾會(huì)出現(xiàn)SocketTimeOutException:Read timed out,其實(shí)就是客戶端讀取服務(wù)器的數(shù)據(jù)超時(shí)了。
使用PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager得到的InternalHttpClient實(shí)例,是抽象類CloseableHttpClient的一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)。
看一下ClientExecChain接口的實(shí)現(xiàn)類
簡(jiǎn)單看一下build()方法
public CloseableHttpClient build() { // 省略一些代碼 // 添加MainClientExec ClientExecChain execChain = this.createMainExec(requestExecCopy, (HttpClientConnectionManager)connManagerCopy, (ConnectionReuseStrategy)reuseStrategyCopy, (ConnectionKeepAliveStrategy)keepAliveStrategyCopy, new ImmutableHttpProcessor(new HttpRequestInterceptor[]{new RequestTargetHost(), new RequestUserAgent(userAgentCopy)}), (AuthenticationStrategy)targetAuthStrategyCopy, (AuthenticationStrategy)proxyAuthStrategyCopy, (UserTokenHandler)userTokenHandlerCopy); execChain = this.decorateMainExec(execChain); // 添加ProtocolExec ClientExecChain execChain = new ProtocolExec(execChain, httpprocessorCopy); ClientExecChain execChain = this.decorateProtocolExec(execChain); // Add request retry executor, if not disabled if (!automaticRetriesDisabled) { HttpRequestRetryHandler retryHandlerCopy = this.retryHandler; if (retryHandlerCopy == null) { retryHandlerCopy = DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler.INSTANCE; } execChain = new RetryExec(execChain, retryHandlerCopy); } // 省去部分代碼 // 如果不為空,添加ServiceUnavailableRetryExec ServiceUnavailableRetryStrategy serviceUnavailStrategyCopy = this.serviceUnavailStrategy; if (serviceUnavailStrategyCopy != null) { execChain = new ServiceUnavailableRetryExec((ClientExecChain)execChain, serviceUnavailStrategyCopy); } // 添加RedirectExec if (!this.redirectHandlingDisabled) { authSchemeRegistryCopy = this.redirectStrategy; if (authSchemeRegistryCopy == null) { authSchemeRegistryCopy = DefaultRedirectStrategy.INSTANCE; } execChain = new RedirectExec((ClientExecChain)execChain, (HttpRoutePlanner)routePlannerCopy, (RedirectStrategy)authSchemeRegistryCopy); } // 省去部分代碼 return new InternalHttpClient((ClientExecChain)execChain, (HttpClientConnectionManager)connManagerCopy, (HttpRoutePlanner)routePlannerCopy, cookieSpecRegistryCopy, (Lookup)authSchemeRegistryCopy, (CookieStore)defaultCookieStore, (CredentialsProvider)defaultCredentialsProvider, this.defaultRequestConfig != null ? this.defaultRequestConfig : RequestConfig.DEFAULT, closeablesCopy); }
自上而下,創(chuàng)建了不同的ClientExecChain實(shí)例。注意:創(chuàng)建對(duì)象的順序就是執(zhí)行器鏈的順序
在構(gòu)造CloseableHttpClient實(shí)例的時(shí)候,判斷是否關(guān)閉了自動(dòng)重試功能,automaticRetriesDisabled默認(rèn)是false。如果沒有指定執(zhí)行器鏈,就用RetryExec。默認(rèn)的重試策略是DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler。
如果重寫了ServiceUnavailableRetryStrategy接口,或者使用了DefaultServiceUnavailableRetryStrategy,ServiceUnavailableRetryExec也會(huì)加入到執(zhí)行器鏈里。
同理,redirectHandlingDisabled默認(rèn)是false,RedirectExec也會(huì)加入到執(zhí)行器鏈,并且會(huì)最先執(zhí)行。
前面已經(jīng)看到我們使用的HttiClient本質(zhì)上是InternalHttpClient,這里看下他的執(zhí)行發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)的方法。
@Override protected CloseableHttpResponse doExecute( final HttpHost target, final HttpRequest request, final HttpContext context) throws IOException, ClientProtocolException { //省略一些代碼 return this.execChain.execute(route, wrapper, localcontext, execAware); } }
首先經(jīng)過RedirectExec,RedirectExec里面調(diào)用ServiceUnavailableRetryExec的excute(),進(jìn)入ServiceUnavailableRetryExec后,調(diào)用RetryExec的excute(),進(jìn)入發(fā)到RetryExec后,調(diào)用ProtocolExec的execute(),最后調(diào)用MainClientExec的excute()。
執(zhí)行器鏈結(jié)束后,執(zhí)行HttpRequestExecutor的excute(),excute()方法調(diào)用了自己的doSendRequest()。
之后一步一步的返回,遇到異常進(jìn)行處理。
下面是RetryExec發(fā)送請(qǐng)求的部分
public CloseableHttpResponse execute(HttpRoute route, HttpRequestWrapper request, HttpClientContext context, HttpExecutionAware execAware) throws IOException, HttpException { // 參數(shù)檢驗(yàn) Args.notNull(route, "HTTP route"); Args.notNull(request, "HTTP request"); Args.notNull(context, "HTTP context"); // 獲取請(qǐng)求頭的全部信息 Header[] origheaders = request.getAllHeaders(); // 初始化請(qǐng)求次數(shù)為1 int execCount = 1; while(true) { try { // 調(diào)用基礎(chǔ)executor執(zhí)行http請(qǐng)求 return this.requestExecutor.execute(route, request, context, execAware); } catch (IOException var9) { // 發(fā)生IO異常的時(shí)候,判斷上下文是否已經(jīng)中斷,如果中斷則拋異常退出 if (execAware != null && execAware.isAborted()) { this.log.debug("Request has been aborted"); throw var9; } // 根據(jù)重試策略,判斷當(dāng)前執(zhí)行狀況是否要重試,如果是則進(jìn)入下面邏輯 if (!this.retryHandler.retryRequest(var9, execCount, context)) { if (var9 instanceof NoHttpResponseException) { NoHttpResponseException updatedex = new NoHttpResponseException(route.getTargetHost().toHostString() + " failed to respond"); updatedex.setStackTrace(var9.getStackTrace()); throw updatedex; } throw var9; } // 日志 if (this.log.isInfoEnabled()) { this.log.info("I/O exception (" + var9.getClass().getName() + ") caught when processing request to " + route + ": " + var9.getMessage()); } // 日志 if (this.log.isDebugEnabled()) { this.log.debug(var9.getMessage(), var9); } // 判斷當(dāng)前請(qǐng)求是否可以重復(fù)發(fā)起 if (!RequestEntityProxy.isRepeatable(request)) { this.log.debug("Cannot retry non-repeatable request"); throw new NonRepeatableRequestException("Cannot retry request with a non-repeatable request entity", var9); } // 設(shè)置請(qǐng)求頭 request.setHeaders(origheaders); // 日志 if (this.log.isInfoEnabled()) { this.log.info("Retrying request to " + route); } ++execCount; } } }
當(dāng)發(fā)生IOException,判斷是否要重試。如果重試則記錄相應(yīng)的次數(shù),如果不重試,就拋出異常并且退出。
//單例模式 final 不可變的對(duì)象,線程安全 public static final DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler INSTANCE = new DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler(); //重試次數(shù) private final int retryCount; //如果一個(gè)請(qǐng)求發(fā)送成功過,是否還會(huì)被再次發(fā)送 private final boolean requestSentRetryEnabled; // 不允許重試的異常類 private final Set<Class<? extends IOException>> nonRetriableClasses; // 默認(rèn)重試3次,請(qǐng)求發(fā)送成功,不在發(fā)送 public DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler() { this(3, false); } public DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler(final int retryCount, final boolean requestSentRetryEnabled) { this(retryCount, requestSentRetryEnabled, Arrays.asList( InterruptedIOException.class, UnknownHostException.class, ConnectException.class, SSLException.class)); } protected DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler( final int retryCount, final boolean requestSentRetryEnabled, final Collection<Class<? extends IOException>> clazzes) { super(); this.retryCount = retryCount; this.requestSentRetryEnabled = requestSentRetryEnabled; this.nonRetriableClasses = new HashSet<Class<? extends IOException>>(); for (final Class<? extends IOException> clazz: clazzes) { this.nonRetriableClasses.add(clazz); } }
通過構(gòu)造函數(shù),可以看出:
重試3次請(qǐng)求成功,就不再重試InterruptedIOException、UnknownHostException、ConnectException、SSLException,發(fā)生這4種異常不重試
重試3次
請(qǐng)求成功,就不再重試
InterruptedIOException、UnknownHostException、ConnectException、SSLException,發(fā)生這4種異常不重試
關(guān)于默認(rèn)的重試策略
如果超過三次不進(jìn)行重試
以上4中異常及其子類不進(jìn)行重試
同一個(gè)請(qǐng)求在異步任務(wù)中已經(jīng)停止,不進(jìn)行重試
冪等的方法可以進(jìn)行重試,比如get,含有http body都可以認(rèn)為是非冪等
請(qǐng)求沒有發(fā)送成功,可以進(jìn)行重試
問題來了,發(fā)送成功的請(qǐng)求是怎么樣的?
下面的代碼在HttpCoreContext里面,HttpCoreContext是HttpContext的實(shí)現(xiàn)類
public static final String HTTP_REQ_SENT = "http.request_sent"; public boolean isRequestSent() { final Boolean b = getAttribute(HTTP_REQ_SENT, Boolean.class); return b != null && b.booleanValue(); }
當(dāng)前httpContext中的http.request_sent設(shè)置為true,則認(rèn)為已經(jīng)發(fā)送成功。
HttpRequestExecutor的excute(),調(diào)用了自己的doSendRequest()。
protected HttpResponse doSendRequest(HttpRequest request, HttpClientConnection conn, HttpContext context) throws IOException, HttpException { // 參數(shù)檢驗(yàn) Args.notNull(request, "HTTP request"); Args.notNull(conn, "Client connection"); Args.notNull(context, "HTTP context"); HttpResponse response = null; // 將連接放入上下文 context.setAttribute("http.connection", conn); // 在請(qǐng)求發(fā)送之前,將http.request_sent放入上下文context的屬性中,值為false context.setAttribute("http.request_sent", Boolean.FALSE); // 將request的header放入連接中 conn.sendRequestHeader(request); // 如果是post/put這種有body的請(qǐng)求,要先進(jìn)行判斷 if (request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest) { boolean sendentity = true; // 獲取http協(xié)議版本號(hào) ProtocolVersion ver = request.getRequestLine().getProtocolVersion(); // 滿足100-continue,并且http協(xié)議不是1.0 if (((HttpEntityEnclosingRequest)request).expectContinue() && !ver.lessEquals(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_0)) { // 刷新當(dāng)前連接,發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù) conn.flush(); // Checks if response data is available from the connection if (conn.isResponseAvailable(this.waitForContinue)) { // Receives the request line and headers of the next response available from this connection. response = conn.receiveResponseHeader(); // 判斷相應(yīng)是否攜帶實(shí)體(是否有body) if (this.canResponseHaveBody(request, response)) { // Receives the next response entity available from this connection and attaches it to an existing HttpResponse object. conn.receiveResponseEntity(response); } // 獲取請(qǐng)求狀態(tài)碼 int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(); if (status < 200) { if (status != 100) { throw new ProtocolException("Unexpected response: " + response.getStatusLine()); } response = null; } else { sendentity = false; } } } if (sendentity) { // 通過連接發(fā)送請(qǐng)求實(shí)體 conn.sendRequestEntity((HttpEntityEnclosingRequest)request); } } // Writes out all pending buffered data over the open connection. conn.flush(); // 將http.request_sent置為true context.setAttribute("http.request_sent", Boolean.TRUE); return response; }
判斷是否攜帶實(shí)體的方法
protected boolean canResponseHaveBody(HttpRequest request, HttpResponse response) { // 如果是head請(qǐng)求,返回false HEAD:只請(qǐng)求頁(yè)面首部 if ("HEAD".equalsIgnoreCase(request.getRequestLine().getMethod())) { return false; } else { int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(); return status >= 200 && status != 204 && status != 304 && status != 205; } }
注:HttpEntityEnclosingRequest是一個(gè)接口
public interface HttpEntityEnclosingRequest extends HttpRequest { // 詢問Server是否愿意接收數(shù)據(jù) boolean expectContinue(); // 設(shè)置httpEntity void setEntity(HttpEntity entity); // 獲取httpEntity HttpEntity getEntity(); }
HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase是實(shí)現(xiàn)HttpEntityEnclosingRequest的抽象類
public abstract class HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase extends HttpRequestBase implements HttpEntityEnclosingRequest { // HttpEntity其實(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)消息實(shí)體,內(nèi)容是http傳送的報(bào)文,有多個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)類,常用StringEntity private HttpEntity entity; public HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase() { } public HttpEntity getEntity() { return this.entity; } public void setEntity(HttpEntity entity) { this.entity = entity; } // 判斷此請(qǐng)求是否應(yīng)使用expect-continue public boolean expectContinue() { // 從請(qǐng)求頭獲取Except鍵值對(duì) Header expect = this.getFirstHeader("Expect"); // 如果except不為空,并且內(nèi)容是 100-continue時(shí)返回true return expect != null && "100-continue".equalsIgnoreCase(expect.getValue()); } public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase clone = (HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase)super.clone(); if (this.entity != null) { clone.entity = (HttpEntity)CloneUtils.cloneObject(this.entity); } return clone; } }
下圖可以看出,HttpPost和HttpPut是HttpEntityEnclosingRequestBase的子類
簡(jiǎn)要分析一下,上述的操作過程
開始將http.request_sent設(shè)置為false
通過流flush數(shù)據(jù)到客戶端
然后將http.request_sent設(shè)置為true
顯然conn.flush()是可以發(fā)生異常的。注意:conn都是從連接池獲取的。
默認(rèn)是開啟重試的,可以在創(chuàng)建HttpClientBuilder的時(shí)候,調(diào)用下面的方法關(guān)閉。
public final HttpClientBuilder disableAutomaticRetries() { this.automaticRetriesDisabled = true; return this; }
只有發(fā)生IOException才會(huì)發(fā)生重試
InterruptedIOException、UnknownHostException、ConnectException、SSLException,發(fā)生這4種異常不重試
get方法可以重試3次,post方法對(duì)應(yīng)的socket流沒有被flush成功時(shí)可以重試3次
InterruptedIOException
,線程中斷異常
UnknownHostException
,找不到對(duì)應(yīng)host
ConnectException
,找到了host但是建立連接失敗。
SSLException
,https認(rèn)證異常
另外,我們還經(jīng)常會(huì)提到兩種超時(shí),連接超時(shí)與讀超時(shí):
1. java.net.SocketTimeoutException: Read timed out
2. java.net.SocketTimeoutException: connect timed out
這兩種超時(shí)都是SocketTimeoutException,繼承自InterruptedIOException,屬于線程中斷異常,不會(huì)進(jìn)行重試。
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