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今天小編給大家分享一下nginx怎么實現(xiàn)動靜分離的相關(guān)知識點,內(nèi)容詳細(xì),邏輯清晰,相信大部分人都還太了解這方面的知識,所以分享這篇文章給大家參考一下,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后有所收獲,下面我們一起來了解一下吧。
一、簡單配置nginx的動靜分離
假設(shè)web1為靜態(tài)服務(wù)器,web2為動態(tài)服務(wù)器,node2做代理
1.1 根據(jù)目錄分開
web1只處理靜態(tài)請求
[root@web1 ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/www/image [root@web1 ~]# yum -y install lrzsz [root@web1 ~]# cd /var/www/www/image/ [root@web1 image]# rz [root@web1 image]# ll -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 156848 mar 13 11:31 nhrzyx.png [root@web2 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf documentroot "/var/www/www" [root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
web2只處理動態(tài)請求
[root@web2 ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/www/dynamic [root@web2 ~]# echo dynamic10 > /var/www/www/dynamic/index.html [root@web2 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf documentroot "/var/www/www" [root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
訪問測試
http://172.25.254.134/image/nhrzyx.png
http://172.25.254.135/dynamic/index.html
1.2 通過請求分離
配置代理
[root@lb01 conf]# vim nginx.conf worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; upstream stack_pools { server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5; } upstream dynamic_pools { server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5; } server { listen 80; server_name www.lbtest.com; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; proxy_set_header host $host; proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools; } location /image/ { proxy_set_header host $host; proxy_pass http://stack_pools; } location /dynamic/ { proxy_set_header host $host; proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools; } } } [root@lb01 conf]# nginx -s reload
配置hosts ,瀏覽器訪問測試
172.25.254.131 www.lbtest.com
http://www.lbtest.com/image/nhrzyx.png
http://www.lbtest.com/dynamic/
1.3 根據(jù)擴展名分離
[root@lb01 conf]# vim nginx.conf worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; upstream stack_pools { server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5; } upstream dynamic_pools { server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5; } server { listen 80; server_name www.lbtest.com; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; proxy_set_header host $host; proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools; } location ~ .*.(jpg|png|gif|css|js|swf|bmp|jsp|php|asp)$ { proxy_set_header host $host; proxy_pass http://stack_pools; } } } [root@lb01 conf]# nginx -s reload
http://www.lbtest.com/image/nhrzyx.png
1.4 根據(jù)客戶端標(biāo)識進(jìn)行分離
http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; upstream stack_pools { server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5; } upstream dynamic_pools { server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5; } server { listen 80; server_name www.lbtest.com; location / { if ($http_user_agent ~* "msie") { proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "firefox") { proxy_pass http://stack_pools; } } proxy_set_header host $host; } } [root@web1 image]# echo stack_web>> /var/www/www/test.html [root@web1 image]# systemctl restart httpd [root@web2 ~]# echo dynamic_web>>/var/www/www/test.html [root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
分別使用ie和火狐瀏覽器訪問
http://www.lbtest.com/test.html
1.5 使用客戶端的pc和移動分離
http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; upstream stack_pools { server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5; } upstream dynamic_pools { server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5; } server { listen 80; server_name www.lbtest.com; location / { if ($http_user_agent ~* "iphone") { proxy_pass http://dynamic_pools; } if ($http_user_agent ~* "android") { proxy_pass http://stack_pools; } } proxy_set_header host $host; } }
分別使用安卓和iphone訪問測試
http://www.lbtest.com/test.html
二 、優(yōu)化
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time =600 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 4000 65000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16348 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 16384 net.core.somaxconn = 16384 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 18364
[root@node2 ~]# sysctl -p
簡單介紹keepalive和nginx
配置keepalived實現(xiàn)nginx負(fù)載均衡的高可用
keepalive更適合于見得ip漂移,如果資源服務(wù)有控制,heartbeat更適合,比如存儲方向的高可用
三、 nginx反向代理的健康檢查
nginx做反向代理的時候,當(dāng)后端就的服務(wù)器出現(xiàn)宕機的時候,ngixn不能把這臺realserver剔除upstream的,所以還會把請求轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到后端的這臺realserve上,雖然nginx可以在localtion中啟用proxy_next_upstream來解決返回給客戶的錯誤頁面,但這個還會會把請求轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)給這臺服務(wù)器,然后再轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)別的服務(wù)器,這樣就浪費了一次轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),借助淘寶團(tuán)隊開發(fā)的nginx模塊nginx_upstream_check_module來檢測后方的realserver的健康狀態(tài),如果后端服務(wù)器不可用,則所有的請求不轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到這臺服務(wù)器
check interval=5000 rise=1 fall=3 timeout=4000;
3.1 直接添加到配置文件
[root@node2 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; upstream web_pools { server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5; server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5; # server 172.25.254.158:80 weight=5 backup; check interval=5000 rise=1 fall=3 timeout=4000; } server { listen 80; server_name www.lbtest.com; location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; proxy_set_header host $host; proxy_pass http://web_pools; } } }
[root@node2 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: [emerg] unknown directive "check" in /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:14 nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed
檢查失敗
下載nginx的模塊https://github.com/yaoweibin/nginx_upstream_check_module,使用nginx打上模塊的安裝,當(dāng)做nginx的升級
3.2 下載模塊
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# yum -y install git [root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# git clone https://github.com/yaoweibin/nginx_upstream_check_module.git [root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ll
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 apr 13 00:57 nginx_upstream_check_module
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# cd nginx_upstream_check_module/ [root@node2 nginx_upstream_check_module]# ll
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 apr 13 00:57 changes -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7921 apr 13 00:57 check_1.11.1+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8330 apr 13 00:57 check_1.11.5+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8060 apr 13 00:57 check_1.12.1+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8054 apr 13 00:57 check_1.14.0+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5483 apr 13 00:57 check_1.2.1.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7130 apr 13 00:57 check_1.2.2+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7094 apr 13 00:57 check_1.2.6+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6791 apr 13 00:57 check_1.5.12+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8295 apr 13 00:57 check_1.7.2+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8346 apr 13 00:57 check_1.7.5+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8509 apr 13 00:57 check_1.9.2+.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6943 apr 13 00:57 check.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 749 apr 13 00:57 config drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 43 apr 13 00:57 doc -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1709 apr 13 00:57 nginx-sticky-module.patch drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 29 apr 13 00:57 nginx-tests -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 112010 apr 13 00:57 ngx_http_upstream_check_module.c -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 529 apr 13 00:57 ngx_http_upstream_check_module.h -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2848 apr 13 00:57 ngx_http_upstream_jvm_route_module.patch -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11509 apr 13 00:57 readme drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 79 apr 13 00:57 test -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3342 apr 13 00:57 upstream_fair.patch drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 81 apr 13 00:57 util
3.3 打補丁
[root@node2 nginx_upstream_check_module]# cd ../ [root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# yum -y install patch
注:因nginx版本更新,1.12以上版本的nginx,補丁為check_1.11.5+.patch
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# patch -p0 < ./nginx_upstream_check_module/check_1.11.5+.patch
patching file src/http/modules/ngx_http_upstream_hash_module.c patching file src/http/modules/ngx_http_upstream_ip_hash_module.c patching file src/http/modules/ngx_http_upstream_least_conn_module.c patching file src/http/ngx_http_upstream_round_robin.c patching file src/http/ngx_http_upstream_round_robin.h
3.4 編譯安裝
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ > --user=nginx --group=nginx \ > --with-http_ssl_module \ > --with-http_realip_module \ > --with-http_addition_module \ > --with-http_gzip_static_module \ > --with-http_stub_status_module \ > --with-http_sub_module \ > --with-pcre \ > --add-module=./nginx_upstream_check_module
出現(xiàn)一個新的目錄 為objs
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ll
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 187 apr 13 01:04 objs
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# make
sed -e "s|%%prefix%%|/usr/local/nginx|" \ -e "s|%%pid_path%%|/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid|" \ -e "s|%%conf_path%%|/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf|" \ -e "s|%%error_log_path%%|/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log|" \ < man/nginx.8 > objs/nginx.8 make[1]: leaving directory `/usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2'
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# ll objs/
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 41 apr 13 01:04 addon -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 16895 apr 13 01:04 autoconf.err -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 42396 apr 13 01:04 makefile -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5993600 apr 13 01:06 nginx #nginx新的可執(zhí)行文件 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5341 apr 13 01:06 nginx.8 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7202 apr 13 01:04 ngx_auto_config.h -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 657 apr 13 01:03 ngx_auto_headers.h -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6412 apr 13 01:04 ngx_modules.c -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 87120 apr 13 01:06 ngx_modules.o drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 91 apr 3 22:38 src
備份就得ngxin,并拷貝新的nginx
[root@node2 nginx-1.12.2]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ [root@node2 sbin]# mv nginx nginx.bak [root@node2 sbin]# cp /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin [root@node2 sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
nginx: [emerg] getpwnam("nginx") failed
[root@node2 sbin]# id nginx
id: nginx: no such user
[root@node2 sbin]# useradd nginx [root@node2 sbin]# id nginx
uid=1002(nginx) gid=1002(nginx) groups=1002(nginx)
[root@node2 sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop [root@node2 sbin]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx [root@node2 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
成功安裝
3.5 配置
worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; upstream web_pools { server 172.25.254.134:80 weight=5; server 172.25.254.135:80 weight=5; # server 172.25.254.158:80 weight=5 backup; check interval=5000 rise=1 fall=3 timeout=4000; } server { listen 80; server_name www.lbtest.com; location / { proxy_set_header host $host; proxy_pass http://web_pools; } location /nstatus{ check_status; access_log off; } } }
[root@node2 conf]# nginx -s reload
3.6 訪問測試
兩個狀態(tài)正常
關(guān)掉一個
[root@web1 image]# systemctl stop httpd
關(guān)掉兩個
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl stop httpd
開啟一個
[root@web1 image]# systemctl start httpd
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
成功實現(xiàn)后端檢查功能
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