R語言可視化中多系列柱形圖與分面組圖美化技巧有哪些

R語言可視化中多系列柱形圖與分面組圖美化技巧有哪些，很多新手對此不是很清楚，為了幫助大家解決這個難題，下面小編將為大家詳細講解，有這方面需求的人可以來學習下，希望你能有所收獲。

今天跟大家分享多系列與分面組圖的美化技巧！

昨天講的關于多序列柱形圖與條形圖美化技巧，其實還漏掉了一些一點兒。

當數(shù)據(jù)序列比較多的時候，特別是超過四個以后，還用堆積柱形圖（條形圖）、或者簇狀柱形圖的話，圖表必然會因為系列太多而受到擠壓或者變形，整體就會不協(xié)調(diào)、不美觀。

還有ggplot不支持次坐標軸功能，它的作圖思維基本源于塔夫脫的可視化理念，而且作者個人的審美也接受次坐標軸（大牛任性），但是他留給大家解決多序列圖表的方案是——分面組圖~

data<-data.frame(Name = c("蘋果","谷歌","臉書","亞馬遜","騰訊"),Conpany = c("Apple","Google","Facebook","Amozon","Tencent"),Sale2013 = c(5000,3500,2300,2100,3100),Sale2014 = c(5050,3800,2900,2500,3300),Sale2015 = c(5050,3800,2900,2500,3300),Sale2016 = c(5050,3800,2900,2500,3300))

數(shù)據(jù)重塑（寬轉(zhuǎn)長）：

mydata<-melt(mydata,id.vars="Conpany",variable.name="Year",value.name="Sale")

作圖函數(shù)：

ggplot(mydata,aes(Conpany,Sale,fill=Year))+geom_bar(stat="identity",position="dodge")

默認圖表的配色確實挺難看的，這里我們使用華爾街日報、經(jīng)濟學人的主題、及配色模板。

ggplot(mydata,aes(Conpany,Sale,fill=Year))+geom_bar(stat="identity",position="dodge")+theme_wsj()+scale_fill_wsj("rgby", "")+theme(axis.ticks.length=unit(0.5,'cm'))+guides(fill=guide_legend(title=NULL))+ggtitle("The Financial Performance of Five Giant")+theme(axis.title = element_blank())

ggplot(mydata,aes(Conpany,Sale,fill=Year))+geom_bar(stat="identity",position="dodge")+theme_economist(base_size=14)+scale_fill_economist()+theme(axis.ticks.length=unit(0.5,'cm'))+guides(fill=guide_legend(title=NULL))+ggtitle("The Financial Performance of Five Giant")+theme(axis.title = element_blank())

以上是我們使用傳統(tǒng)的方法通過將顏色映射到不同類別的年度收入變量上，達到了區(qū)分效果，可是這樣終究不是辦法，五個序列實在是有點多，已經(jīng)讓然有點兒眼花繚亂了，如果有8個序列、10個序列呢，那又該怎么辦呢~

下面跟大家將其中一種比較有效的解決辦法：通過分面組圖解決多序列圖表：

橫排分面：

柱形分面（橫排）：

ggplot(mydata,aes(Conpany,Sale,fill=Year))+geom_bar(stat="identity",position="dodge")+theme_wsj()+scale_fill_wsj("rgby", "")+theme(axis.ticks.length=unit(0.5,'cm'))+guides(fill=guide_legend(title=NULL))+ggtitle("The Financial Performance of Five Giant")+theme(axis.title = element_blank(),legend.position='none')+ facet_grid(.~Year)

ggplot(mydata,aes(Conpany,Sale,fill=Year))+geom_bar(stat="identity",position="dodge")+theme_economist(base_size=14)+scale_fill_economist()+theme(axis.ticks.length=unit(0.5,'cm'))+guides(fill=guide_legend(title=NULL))+ggtitle("The Financial Performance of Five Giant")+theme(axis.title = element_blank(),legend.position='none')+ facet_grid(.~Year)

條形分面（橫排）：

ggplot(mydata,aes(Conpany,Sale,fill=Year))+geom_bar(stat="identity",position="dodge")+theme_wsj()+scale_fill_wsj("rgby", "")+theme(axis.ticks.length=unit(0.5,'cm'))+guides(fill=guide_legend(title=NULL))+ggtitle("The Financial Performance of Five Giant")+theme(axis.title = element_blank(),legend.position='none')+ facet_grid(.~Year)+coord_flip()

ggplot(mydata,aes(Conpany,Sale,fill=Year))+geom_bar(stat="identity",position="dodge")+theme_economist(base_size=14)+scale_fill_economist()+theme(axis.ticks.length=unit(0.5,'cm'))+guides(fill=guide_legend(title=NULL))+ggtitle("The Financial Performance of Five Giant")+theme(axis.title = element_blank(),legend.position='none')+ facet_grid(.~Year)+coord_flip()

豎排分面：

柱形分面（豎排）：

ggplot(mydata,aes(Conpany,Sale,fill=Year))+geom_bar(stat="identity",position="dodge")+theme_wsj()+scale_fill_wsj("rgby", "")+theme(axis.ticks.length=unit(0.5,'cm'))+guides(fill=guide_legend(title=NULL))+ggtitle("The Financial Performance of Five Giant")+theme(axis.title = element_blank(),legend.position='none')+ facet_grid(Year~.)

ggplot(mydata,aes(Conpany,Sale,fill=Year))+geom_bar(stat="identity",position="dodge")+theme_economist(base_size=14)+scale_fill_economist()+theme(axis.ticks.length=unit(0.5,'cm'))+guides(fill=guide_legend(title=NULL))+ggtitle("The Financial Performance of Five Giant")+theme(axis.title = element_blank(),legend.position='none')+ facet_grid(Year~.)

條形分面（豎排）：

ggplot(mydata,aes(Conpany,Sale,fill=Year))+geom_bar(stat="identity",position="dodge")+theme_wsj()+scale_fill_wsj("rgby", "")+theme(axis.ticks.length=unit(0.5,'cm'))+guides(fill=guide_legend(title=NULL))+ggtitle("The Financial Performance of Five Giant")+theme(axis.title = element_blank(),legend.position='none')+ facet_grid(Year~.)+coord_flip()

ggplot(mydata,aes(Conpany,Sale,fill=Year))+geom_bar(stat="identity",position="dodge")+theme_economist(base_size=14)+scale_fill_economist()+theme(axis.ticks.length=unit(0.5,'cm'))+guides(fill=guide_legend(title=NULL))+ggtitle("The Financial Performance of Five Giant")+theme(axis.title = element_blank(),legend.position='none')+ facet_grid(Year~.)+coord_flip()

關于簇狀、分面圖表數(shù)據(jù)標簽問題：

昨天在講解的時候忘記了圖表數(shù)據(jù)標簽這回事兒，而且當時確實也不太會處理這塊兒，后來突然找到了處理方法：

簇狀圖標簽數(shù)據(jù)處理：

ggplot(mydata,aes(Conpany,Sale,fill=Year,label =Sale))+geom_bar(stat="identity",position="dodge")+theme_wsj()+scale_fill_wsj("rgby", "")+theme(axis.ticks.length=unit(0.5,'cm'))+guides(fill=guide_legend(title=NULL))+ggtitle("The Financial Performance of Five Giant")+theme(axis.title = element_blank())+geom_text(aes(y = Sale + 0.05), position = position_dodge(0.9), vjust = -0.5)

橫向分面柱圖數(shù)據(jù)標簽問題：

ggplot(mydata,aes(Conpany,Sale,fill=Year,label =Sale))+geom_bar(stat="identity",position="dodge")+theme_wsj()+scale_fill_wsj("rgby", "")+theme(axis.ticks.length=unit(0.5,'cm'))+guides(fill=guide_legend(title=NULL))+ggtitle("The Financial Performance of Five Giant")+theme(axis.title = element_blank(),legend.position='none')+ facet_grid(.~Year)+geom_text(aes(y = Sale + 0.05), position = position_dodge(0.9), vjust = -0.5)

橫向分面條形圖數(shù)據(jù)標簽問題：

ggplot(mydata,aes(Conpany,Sale,fill=Year,label =Sale))+geom_bar(stat="identity",position="dodge")+theme_wsj()+scale_fill_wsj("rgby", "")+theme(axis.ticks.length=unit(0.5,'cm'))+guides(fill=guide_legend(title=NULL))+ggtitle("The Financial Performance of Five Giant")+theme(axis.title = element_blank(),legend.position='none')+ facet_grid(.~Year)+geom_text(aes(y = Sale + 0.05), position = position_dodge(0.9), vjust = -0.5)+coord_flip()

豎向分面柱形圖數(shù)據(jù)標簽問題：

ggplot(mydata,aes(Conpany,Sale,fill=Year,label =Sale))+geom_bar(stat="identity",position="dodge")+theme_wsj()+scale_fill_wsj("rgby", "")+theme(axis.ticks.length=unit(0.5,'cm'))+guides(fill=guide_legend(title=NULL))+ggtitle("The Financial Performance of Five Giant")+theme(axis.title = element_blank(),legend.position='none')+ facet_grid(Year~.)+geom_text(aes(y = Sale + 0.05), position = position_dodge(0.9), vjust = -0.5)

豎向分面條形圖數(shù)據(jù)標簽問題：

ggplot(mydata,aes(Conpany,Sale,fill=Year,label =Sale))+geom_bar(stat="identity",position="dodge")+theme_wsj()+scale_fill_wsj("rgby", "")+theme(axis.ticks.length=unit(0.5,'cm'))+guides(fill=guide_legend(title=NULL))+ggtitle("The Financial Performance of Five Giant")+theme(axis.title = element_blank(),legend.position='none')+ facet_grid(Year~.)+geom_text(aes(y = Sale + 0.05), position = position_dodge(0.9), vjust = -0.5)+coord_flip()

好了，這樣分面組圖及其標簽問題算是列舉清楚了。

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