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本篇文章給大家分享的是有關(guān)Spring怎樣進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫編程,小編覺得挺實(shí)用的,因此分享給大家學(xué)習(xí),希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后可以有所收獲,話不多說,跟著小編一起來看看吧。
前言
先入門,把核心理解后再回過頭來看這些我覺得效果更好,不知道說的對(duì)不對(duì),要是理解不當(dāng),還望指教。此篇為Spring的數(shù)據(jù)庫編程,主要講jdbcTemplate,讓初學(xué)者直接上手。
數(shù)據(jù)庫切入
數(shù)據(jù)庫編程是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)編程的基礎(chǔ),Spring框架為開發(fā)者提供了JDBC模板模式,即jdbcTemplate,它可以簡化許多代碼,需要提醒的是jdbcTemplate在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中并不常用,但我覺得對(duì)新手來說蒼蠅再小也是肉,要想往前走,就得把這些小肉先吃了。
Spring JDBC配置
使用Spring JDBC操作數(shù)據(jù)庫,需要對(duì)其進(jìn)行配置,配置如下
<!--配置spring-jdbcTemplate--> <!--配置數(shù)據(jù)源--> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <!--MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫驅(qū)動(dòng)--> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property> <!--連接數(shù)據(jù)庫的URL--> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bbb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"></property> <!--連接數(shù)據(jù)庫的用戶名--> <property name="username" value="root"></property> <!--連接數(shù)據(jù)庫的密碼--> <property name="password" value="root"></property> </bean> <!--配置JDBC模板--> <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> </bean>
配置JDBC模板時(shí)需要將dataSource注入到j(luò)dbcTemplate,而在數(shù)據(jù)訪問層(Dao類)需要使用jdbcTemplate時(shí)也需要將jdbc Template注入到對(duì)應(yīng)的Bean中,我在這演示用最簡單的注解注入
@Repository("userDao") public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao { @Autowired //使用配置文件中的JDBC模板 private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; }
Spring Jdbc Template的常用方法
在上面我們獲取了JDBC模板,下面我來說如何使用它。首先需要了解JdbcTemplate常用的方法,該類的常用方法是update和query.
1、public int update(String sql,Object args[])
該方法可以對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)表進(jìn)行增加、修改、刪除等操作。使用args[]設(shè)置SQL語句中的參數(shù),并返回更新的行數(shù)。
示例如下:
public void add() { String insertSql = "insert into user values(null,?,?)"; Object parem1[] = {"成功","123456"}; jdbcTemplate.update(insertSql,parem1); System.out.println("UserDao中的添加功能實(shí)現(xiàn)了"); }
2、public List
該方法可以對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)表進(jìn)行查詢操作,rowMapper將結(jié)果集映射到用戶自定義的類中(前提是自定義類中的屬性要與數(shù)據(jù)表的字段對(duì)應(yīng))。
示例如下:
public void query() { String selectSql = "select * from user"; RowMapper<User> rowMapper = new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class); List<User> list = jdbcTemplate.query(selectSql,rowMapper,null); System.out.println("UserDao中的查詢功能實(shí)現(xiàn)了"); }
案例輔助
Pom.xml
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.38</version> </dependency> <!--spring核心依賴--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!--日志相關(guān)--> <dependency> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
spring-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd "> <!--配置注解要掃描的包--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.my"></context:component-scan> <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven> <!--將指定類TestDaoImpl配置給Spring,讓Spring創(chuàng)建其實(shí)例--> <bean id="testDIDao" class="com.my.dao.impl.TestDaoImpl"/> <!--使用構(gòu)造方法注入--> <!--<bean id="testDIService" class="com.my.service.impl.TestServiceImpl" >--> <!--<!–將TestDIDao注入到TestDIServiceImpl類的屬性testDao上–>--> <!--<constructor-arg index="0" ref="testDIDao"/>--> <!--</bean>--> <!--使用setter方法注入--> <bean id="testDIService" class="com.my.service.impl.TestServiceImpl"> <!--調(diào)用TestDIServiceImpl類的setter方法,將TestDao注入到TestServiceImpl類的屬性testDao上--> <property name="testDao" ref="testDIDao"></property> </bean> <!--配置spring-jdbcTemplate--> <!--配置數(shù)據(jù)源--> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <!--MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫驅(qū)動(dòng)--> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property> <!--連接數(shù)據(jù)庫的URL--> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bbb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"></property> <!--連接數(shù)據(jù)庫的用戶名--> <property name="username" value="root"></property> <!--連接數(shù)據(jù)庫的密碼--> <property name="password" value="root"></property> </bean> <!--配置JDBC模板--> <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> </bean> <!--配置事務(wù)--> <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property> </bean> <!--注冊(cè)事務(wù)注解驅(qū)動(dòng)--> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"></tx:annotation-driven> </beans>
User
package com.my.pojo; public class User { private int id; private String username; private String password; public User() { } public User(int id, String username, String password) { this.id = id; this.username = username; this.password = password; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } @Override public String toString() { return "User{" + "id=" + id + ", username='" + username + ''' + ", password='" + password + ''' + '}'; } }
UserDao
package com.my.dao; public interface UserDao { public void add(); public void delete(); public void update(); public void query(); }
UserDaoImpl
@Override public void update() { String updateSql = "update user set username=? , password=? where id =?"; Object parem3[] = {"修改","654321",3}; jdbcTemplate.update(updateSql,parem3); System.out.println("UserDao中的修改功能實(shí)現(xiàn)了"); } @Override public void query() { String selectSql = "select * from user"; RowMapper<User> rowMapper = new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class); List<User> list = jdbcTemplate.query(selectSql,rowMapper,null); System.out.println("UserDao中的查詢功能實(shí)現(xiàn)了"); for (User user : list){ System.out.println(user); } } }
測試Test3
package com.my.test; import com.my.dao.UserDao; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class Test3 { @Autowired private UserDao userDao; public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext appCon = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-config.xml"); //從容器中獲取目標(biāo)對(duì)象 UserDao userDao = (UserDao) appCon.getBean("userDao"); //userDao.add(); userDao.delete(); userDao.update(); userDao.query(); } }
測試結(jié)果
以上就是Spring怎樣進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)庫編程,小編相信有部分知識(shí)點(diǎn)可能是我們?nèi)粘9ぷ鲿?huì)見到或用到的。希望你能通過這篇文章學(xué)到更多知識(shí)。更多詳情敬請(qǐng)關(guān)注億速云行業(yè)資訊頻道。
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