spring mvc怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)頁面訪問

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2021-12-27 17:52:16 來源：億速云閱讀：165 作者：iii 欄目：開發(fā)技術(shù)

本篇內(nèi)容主要講解“spring mvc怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)頁面訪問”，感興趣的朋友不妨來看看。本文介紹的方法操作簡單快捷，實(shí)用性強(qiáng)。下面就讓小編來帶大家學(xué)習(xí)“spring mvc怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)頁面訪問”吧!

servlet的定義

Servlet is a technology which is used to create a web application. servlet是一項(xiàng)用來創(chuàng)建web application的技術(shù)。
Servlet is an API that provides many interfaces and classes including documentation. servlet是一個(gè)提供很多接口和類api及其相關(guān)文檔。
Servlet is an interface that must be implemented for creating any Servlet.servlet是一個(gè)接口，創(chuàng)建任何servlet都要實(shí)現(xiàn)的接口。
Servlet is a class that extends the capabilities of the servers and responds to the incoming requests. It can respond to any requests. servlet是一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)了服務(wù)器各種能力的類，對(duì)請(qǐng)求做出響應(yīng)。它可以對(duì)任何請(qǐng)求做出響應(yīng)。
Servlet is a web component that is deployed on the server to create a dynamic web page.servlet是一個(gè)web組件，部署到一個(gè)web server上(如tomcat，jetty)，用來產(chǎn)生一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)web頁面。

servlet的歷史

web Container

web容器也叫servlet容器，負(fù)責(zé)servlet的生命周期，映射url請(qǐng)求到相應(yīng)的servlet。

A web container (also known as a servlet container;[1] and compare "webcontainer"[2]) is the component of a web server that interacts with Java servlets. A web container is responsible for managing the lifecycle of servlets, mapping a URL to a particular servlet and ensuring that the URL requester has the correct access-rights.A web container handles requests to servlets, JavaServer Pages (JSP) files, and other types of files that include server-side code. The Web container creates servlet instances, loads and unloads servlets, creates and manages request and response objects, and performs other servlet-management tasks.A web container implements the web component contract of the Java EE architecture. This architecture specifies a runtime environment for additional web components, including security, concurrency, lifecycle management, transaction, deployment, and other services.

常見的web容器如下：

在web容器中，web應(yīng)用服務(wù)器的結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

1.普通servlet實(shí)現(xiàn)頁面訪問

1.1 實(shí)例1：使用web.xml實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)http服務(wù)

實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)簡單的servlet

package com.howtodoinjava.servlets;   import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter;   import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;   public class MyFirstServlet extends HttpServlet {    private static final long serialVersionUID = -1915463532411657451L;    @Override  protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,  HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException  {  response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");  PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();  try {  // Write some content  out.println("<html>");  out.println("<head>");  out.println("<title>MyFirstServlet</title>");  out.println("</head>");  out.println("<body>");  out.println("<h3>Servlet MyFirstServlet at " + request.getContextPath() + "</h3>");  out.println("</body>");  out.println("</html>");  } finally {  out.close();  }  }    @Override  protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,  HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {  //Do some other work  }    @Override  public String getServletInfo() {  return "MyFirstServlet";  } }

web.xml配置servlet

/MyFirstServlet MyFirstServlet com.howtodoinjava.servlets.MyFirstServlet MyFirstServlet /MyFirstServlet

1.2 編程方式實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)http服務(wù)請(qǐng)求

不需要xml

package com.journaldev.first; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.Date; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebInitParam; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; /**  * Servlet implementation class FirstServlet  */ @WebServlet(description = "My First Servlet", urlPatterns = { "/FirstServlet" , "/FirstServlet.do"}, initParams = {@WebInitParam(name="id",value="1"),@WebInitParam(name="name",value="pankaj")}) public class FirstServlet extends HttpServlet {  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;  public static final String HTML_START="<html><body>";  public static final String HTML_END="</body></html>";    /**  * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()  */  public FirstServlet() {  super();  // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub  }  /**  * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  */  protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {  PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();  Date date = new Date();  out.println(HTML_START + "<h3>Hi There!</h3><br/><h4>Date="+date +"</h4>"+HTML_END);  }  /**  * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  */  protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {  // TODO Auto-generated method stub  } }

2.spring mvc實(shí)現(xiàn)頁面訪問

2.1 web.xml方式

示例：

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee   http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"  version="2.5">  <display-name>Gradle + Spring MVC Hello World + XML</display-name>  <description>Spring MVC web application</description>  <!-- For web context -->  <servlet>  <servlet-name>hello-dispatcher</servlet-name>  <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>  <init-param>  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-mvc-config.xml</param-value>  </init-param>  <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  </servlet>  <servlet-mapping>  <servlet-name>hello-dispatcher</servlet-name>  <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>  </servlet-mapping>  <!-- For root context -->  <listener>  <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>  </listener>  <context-param>  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-core-config.xml</param-value>  </context-param> </web-app>

2.2 編碼方式

public class MyWebAppInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {    @Override  public void onStartup(ServletContext container) {  // Create the 'root' Spring application context  AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext rootContext =  new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();  rootContext.register(AppConfig.class);    // Manage the lifecycle of the root application context  container.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener(rootContext));    // Create the dispatcher servlet's Spring application context  AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext dispatcherContext =  new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();  dispatcherContext.register(DispatcherConfig.class);    // Register and map the dispatcher servlet  ServletRegistration.Dynamic dispatcher =  container.addServlet("dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(dispatcherContext));  dispatcher.setLoadOnStartup(1);  dispatcher.addMapping("/");  }    }

內(nèi)部實(shí)現(xiàn)

3.spring boot

繼承了spring mvc的框架，實(shí)現(xiàn)SpringBootServletInitializer

package com.mkyong; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder; import org.springframework.boot.web.support.SpringBootServletInitializer; @SpringBootApplication public class SpringBootWebApplication extends SpringBootServletInitializer {  @Override  protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {  return application.sources(SpringBootWebApplication.class);  }  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  SpringApplication.run(SpringBootWebApplication.class, args);  } }

然后controller

package com.mkyong; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller public class WelcomeController {  // inject via application.properties  @Value("${welcome.message:test}")  private String message = "Hello World";  @RequestMapping("/")  public String welcome(Map<String, Object> model) {  model.put("message", this.message);  return "welcome";  } }

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