oracle 12c創(chuàng)建可插拔數(shù)據(jù)庫（PDB）及用戶

由于oracle 12c使用了CDB-PDB架構(gòu)，類似于docker，在container-db內(nèi)可以加載多個(gè)pluggable-db，因此安裝后需要額外配置才能使用。

一、修改listener.ora , tnsnames.ora
###listener.ora###
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
  (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = orcl))
)

#sid list列舉cdb和所有pdb的數(shù)據(jù)庫名，所有sid與oracle環(huán)境變量保持一致#
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
  (SID_DESC =
    (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl) #cdb db_name
    (SID_NAME = orcl)
  )
  (SID_DESC =
    (GLOBAL_DBNAME = pdborcl) #pdb db_name
    (SID_NAME = orcl)
  )
)
###listener.ora###

##tnsnames.ora###

#cdb

orcl =
(DESCRIPTION =
  (ADDRESS_LIST =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521)) )
  (CONNECT_DATA =
    (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) #cdb的db_name
  )
)
#pdb
pdborcl =
(DESCRIPTION =
  (ADDRESS_LIST =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))

  )
  (CONNECT_DATA =
    (SERVICE_NAME = pdborcl) #pdb的db_name
  )
)
##tnsnames.ora###

在客戶端連接時(shí)使用“service_name+domain_name”連接。如果出現(xiàn)ora-01017，很有可能是

二、創(chuàng)建pdb

cdb相當(dāng)于操作系統(tǒng)，調(diào)用并管理各個(gè)pdb。pdb相當(dāng)于真正提供業(yè)務(wù)需求的數(shù)據(jù)庫實(shí)例。oracle 12c安裝后只創(chuàng)建了cdb，需要自己生成相應(yīng)的pdb。

1、創(chuàng)建pdb

在sqlplus下：

create pluggable database pdborcl
admin user pdbadmin identified by pdbadmin
role=(resource)
file_name_convert=( 'PDB$SEED's directory' , 'PDBOrcl's directory' );

2、同步文件

select pdb_name,status from cdb_pdbs

若pdb狀態(tài)為need sync，則需要：

alter sesseion set container=pdborcl
shutdown immediate或者alter pluggable database pdborcl close immediate ;
alter pluggable database pdborcl open restricted ;
exec dbms_pdb.sync_pdb ; #調(diào)用dbms_pdb進(jìn)行pdb

3、新增用戶
create user scott account unlock identified by tiger ;
grant resource to scott ;

按照上述方法創(chuàng)建用戶，如果出現(xiàn)ora-01017，很有可能是1、沒有指定連接的service_name到具體pdb，或者oracle對密碼大小寫敏感。前者檢查listener.ora中sid_list是否已經(jīng)列出該pdb，并檢查連接字符串是否在tnsnames.ora指定。后者如果無法修改前端程序，可以使用

alter system set SEC_CASE_SENSITIVE_LOGON = false ;

強(qiáng)制關(guān)閉oracle的大小寫檢查進(jìn)行確認(rèn)。

三、常用命令

show pdbs：查看當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)庫container中包含有多少個(gè)pdb。如果session在某個(gè)pdb中，可以查看當(dāng)前的pdb。

alter session set container=PDBNAME

切換當(dāng)前會(huì)話到某個(gè)pdb中。切換后才可使用當(dāng)前pdb的私有用戶進(jìn)行操作

startup/shutdown immediate

關(guān)閉當(dāng)前會(huì)話所在的cdb/pdb

alter pluggable database PDBNAME open ;

打開指定pdb

alter pluggable database PDBNAME close immediate ;

關(guān)閉指定pdb