前面已經(jīng)安裝了Scrapy,下面來實現(xiàn)第一個測試程序。
Scrapy是一個爬蟲框架,他的基本流程如下所示(下面截圖來自互聯(lián)網(wǎng))
簡單的說,我們需要寫一個item文件,定義返回的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu);寫一個spider文件,具體爬取的數(shù)據(jù)程序,以及一個管道 pipeline 文件,作為后續(xù)操作,比如保存數(shù)據(jù)等等。
下面以當(dāng)當(dāng)網(wǎng)為例,看看怎么實現(xiàn)。
這個例子里面我想爬取的內(nèi)容是前面20頁的羽絨服產(chǎn)品,包括產(chǎn)品名字,鏈接和評論數(shù)。
scrapy startproject dangdang
scrapy genspider -t basic dd dangdang.com
這樣他會自動創(chuàng)建一個爬蟲文件,結(jié)構(gòu)如下所示:
items.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
import scrapy
class DangdangItem(scrapy.Item):
# define the fields for your item here like:
# name = scrapy.Field()
title=scrapy.Field()
url=scrapy.Field()
comment=scrapy.Field()
前面第二步已經(jīng)自動生成了一個模板,我們直接修改就行。
dd.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from dangdang.items import DangdangItem
from scrapy.http import Request
class DdSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'dd'
allowed_domains = ['dangdang.com']
start_urls = ['http://category.dangdang.com/pg1-cid4010275.html']
def parse(self, response):
item=DangdangItem()
item['title']=response.xpath(u"http://a[@dd_name='單品標(biāo)題']/text()").extract()
item['url']=response.xpath("http://a[@dd_name='單品標(biāo)題']/@href").extract()
item['comment']=response.xpath("http://a[@dd_name='單品評論']/text()").extract()
text = response.body
# content_type = chardet.detect(text)
# if content_type['encoding'] != 'UTF-8':
# text = text.decode(content_type['encoding'])
# text = text.encode('utf-8')
# print(text)
yield item
for i in range(2,20):
url='http://category.dangdang.com/pg%d-cid4010275.html'%i
yield Request(url,callback=self.parse)
為了使用pipeline,配置文件需要做個小修改,我順便關(guān)掉了對robot文件的確認(rèn)
settings.py
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'dangdang.pipelines.DangdangPipeline': 300,
}
pipeline.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import pymysql
class DangdangPipeline(object):
def process_item(self, item, spider):
conn=pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='root',db='dangdang',use_unicode=True,charset='utf8')
for i in range(0,len(item['title'])):
title=item['title'][i]
link=item['url'][i]
comment=item['comment'][i]
print(type(title))
print(title)
# sql="insert into dd(title,link,comment) values ('"+title+"','"+link+"','"+comment+"')"
sql = "insert into dd(title,link,comment) values('" + title + "','" + link + "','" + comment + "')"
try:
conn.query(sql)
except Exception as err:
pass
conn.close()
return item
我最后的數(shù)據(jù)要保存到mysql里面,python里面可以通過pymysql進行操作。我提前在mysql命令行界面里面創(chuàng)建了一個數(shù)據(jù)庫和空表
mysql> create database dangdang;
mysql> create table dd(id int auto_increment primary, title varchar(100), link varchar(100), comment varchar(32));
scrapy crawl dd
如果不想看日志 可以使用
scrapy crawl dd --nolog
test.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
#! -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author: Yuan Li
import pymysql
conn=pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='root',db='dangdang',use_unicode=True,charset='utf8')
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
#SQL查詢
cursor.execute("select * from dd")
row=cursor.fetchall()
for i in row:
print(i)
conn.close()
結(jié)果測試成功
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