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Oracle中如何查看執(zhí)行計(jì)劃

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2021-11-09 10:19:09 來(lái)源:億速云 閱讀:167 作者:小新 欄目:關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

這篇文章主要介紹了Oracle中如何查看執(zhí)行計(jì)劃,具有一定借鑒價(jià)值,感興趣的朋友可以參考下,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章之后大有收獲,下面讓小編帶著大家一起了解一下。

方法一、通過(guò)使用工具PLSQL Developer中的Explain Plan Window窗口查看SQL執(zhí)行計(jì)劃。具體參考

             https://www.cnblogs.com/Dreamer-1/p/6076440.html

方法二、通過(guò)SQL*PLUS中的autotrace命令查看

            1.登錄擁有dba權(quán)限的用戶,分別執(zhí)行

               腳本 ${ORACLE_HOME}/RDBMS/ADMIN/utlxplan.sql和

               腳本 ${ORACLE_HOME}/sqlplus/admin/plustrce.sql

               然后通過(guò)SQL*PLUS就可以查看執(zhí)行計(jì)劃了

            2.查看執(zhí)行計(jì)劃有下面四種選項(xiàng)

                1> set autotrace on    --(得到執(zhí)行計(jì)劃,并輸出結(jié)果)

                2> set autotrace traceonly    --(得到執(zhí)行計(jì)劃,但不輸出結(jié)果)

                3> set autotrace traceonly explain    --(得到執(zhí)行計(jì)劃,不輸出統(tǒng)計(jì)信息和結(jié)果,僅展現(xiàn)執(zhí)行計(jì)劃部分)

                4> set autotrace traceonly statistics    --(不輸出執(zhí)行計(jì)劃和結(jié)果,僅展現(xiàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)信息)

            3.優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)

                優(yōu)點(diǎn):

                    1> 可以輸出運(yùn)行時(shí)的相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)信息(產(chǎn)生多少邏輯讀,多少遞歸調(diào)用,多少次物理讀的情況)

                    2> 雖然必須要等語(yǔ)句執(zhí)行完畢后才可以執(zhí)行計(jì)劃,但是可以有traceonly開(kāi)關(guān)來(lái)控制返回結(jié)果不打屏輸出

                缺點(diǎn):

                    1> 必須等語(yǔ)句執(zhí)行完畢后,才可以出結(jié)果

                    2> 無(wú)法看到表被訪問(wèn)了多少次

方法三、explain plan for獲取

            1.執(zhí)行步驟如下:

                SQL> set linesize 200;

                SQL> set pagesize 2000;

                SQL> explain plan for select * from emp;

                Explained

                SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display());

                PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

                --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                Plan hash value: 3956160932

                --------------------------------------------------------------------------

                | Id  | Operation         | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

                --------------------------------------------------------------------------

                |   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |      |    14 |   532 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

                |   1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP  |    14 |   532 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

                --------------------------------------------------------------------------

                8 rows selected

            2.優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)

                優(yōu)點(diǎn):

                    1> 無(wú)需真正執(zhí)行,快捷方便

                缺點(diǎn):

                    1> 沒(méi)有輸出相關(guān)的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息(產(chǎn)生多少次邏輯讀,多少次物理讀,多少次遞歸調(diào)用)

                    2> 無(wú)法判斷處理了多少行

                    3> 無(wú)法判斷表被訪問(wèn)了多少次

方法四、statistics_level = all 或者 /*+ gather_plan_statistics */

            1.執(zhí)行步驟

                1> 通過(guò)statistics_level = all

                    SQL> set linesize 500;

                    SQL> set pagesize 1000;

                    SQL> alter session set statistics_level = all;

                    會(huì)話已更改。

                    SQL> select count(*) from emp;

                      COUNT(*)

                    ----------

                            14

                    SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'allstats last'));

                    PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

                    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                    SQL_ID  g59vz2u4cu404, child number 0

                    -------------------------------------

                    select count(*) from emp

                    Plan hash value: 2937609675

                    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                    | Id  | Operation        | Name   | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows |   A-Time   | Buffers |

                    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                    |   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |        |      1 |        |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       1 |

                    |   1 |  SORT AGGREGATE  |        |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       1 |

                    |   2 |   INDEX FULL SCAN| PK_EMP |      1 |     14 |     14 |00:00:00.01 |       1 |

                    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                    已選擇14行。

                2> 通過(guò) /*+ gather_plan_statistics*/

                    SQL> set linesize 200;

                    SQL> set pagesize 500;

                    SQL> select /*+gather_plan_statistics*/ count(*) from emp;

                      COUNT(*)

                    ----------

                            14

                    SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'allstats last'));

                    PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

                    -------------------------------------

                    SQL_ID  537ffv2mq5375, child number 0

                    -------------------------------------

                    select /*+gather_plan_statistics*/ count(*) from emp

                    Plan hash value: 2937609675

                    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                    | Id  | Operation        | Name   | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows |   A-Time   | Buffers |

                    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                    |   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |        |      1 |        |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       1 |

                    |   1 |  SORT AGGREGATE  |        |      1 |      1 |      1 |00:00:00.01 |       1 |

                    |   2 |   INDEX FULL SCAN| PK_EMP |      1 |     14 |     14 |00:00:00.01 |       1 |

                    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                    已選擇14行。

            2.關(guān)鍵字解讀

                1> Starts:該SQL執(zhí)行的次數(shù)

                2> E-Rows:執(zhí)行計(jì)劃預(yù)計(jì)的行數(shù)。

                3> A-Rows:實(shí)際返回的行數(shù)。A-Rows跟E-Rows做比較,就可以確定哪一步執(zhí)行計(jì)劃出了問(wèn)題。

                4> A-Time:每一步實(shí)際執(zhí)執(zhí)行的時(shí)間(HH : MM :SS.FF),根據(jù)這一行可以知道該SQL耗時(shí)在了哪個(gè)地方

                5> Buffers:每一步執(zhí)行的邏輯讀或一致性讀

            3.優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)

                優(yōu)點(diǎn)

                    1> 可以清晰的從Starts得出表被訪問(wèn)多少

                    2> 可以清晰的從E-Rows和A-Rows中得到預(yù)測(cè)的行數(shù)和真實(shí)的行數(shù),從而可以準(zhǔn)確判斷Oracle評(píng)估是否正確

                    3> 雖然沒(méi)有專門(mén)的輸出運(yùn)行時(shí)的相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)信息,但是執(zhí)行計(jì)劃中的buffers就是真實(shí)的邏輯讀的多少

                缺點(diǎn)

                    1> 必須等語(yǔ)句真正執(zhí)行完畢后,才可以得出結(jié)果

                    2> 無(wú)法控制記錄輸屏打出,不像autotace由traceonly可以不將結(jié)果打屏輸出

                    3> 看不出遞歸調(diào)用次數(shù),看不出物理讀的多少(不過(guò)邏輯讀才是重點(diǎn))

方法五、通過(guò)dbms_xplan.display_cursor(&sql_id)輸入sql_id參數(shù)獲取

            1.執(zhí)行步驟

                SQL> select sql_id from sys.v_$sql t where t.sql_text like '%select count(*) from emp';

                SQL_ID

                -------------

                g59vz2u4cu404

                SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('g59vz2u4cu404'));

                PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT  

                --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                SQL_ID  g59vz2u4cu404, child number 0

                -------------------------------------

                select count(*) from emp

                

                Plan hash value: 2937609675

                

                -------------------------------------------------------------------

                | Id  | Operation        | Name   | Rows  | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

                -------------------------------------------------------------------

                |   0 | SELECT STATEMENT |        |       |     1 (100)|          |

                |   1 |  SORT AGGREGATE  |        |     1 |            |          |

                |   2 |   INDEX FULL SCAN| PK_EMP |    14 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

                -------------------------------------------------------------------

                已選擇14行。

            2.優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)

                優(yōu)點(diǎn):

                    1> 知道sql_id立即可得到執(zhí)行計(jì)劃,和explain plan for一樣無(wú)需執(zhí)行

                    2> 可以得到真實(shí)的執(zhí)行計(jì)劃

                缺點(diǎn):

                    1> 沒(méi)有輸出運(yùn)行的相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)信息(產(chǎn)生的物理讀,邏輯讀,遞歸調(diào)用次數(shù))

                    2> 無(wú)法判斷處理了多少行

                    3> 無(wú)法判斷表被訪問(wèn)了多少次

方法六、10046 trace跟蹤

            1.執(zhí)行步驟 

                Step1:alter session setevents '10046 trace name context forever,level 12'; (開(kāi)啟跟蹤)

                Step2:執(zhí)行sql

                Step3:alter session setevents '10046 trace name context off';   (關(guān)閉跟蹤)

                Step4:步驟4:找到跟蹤后產(chǎn)生的文件

                Step5:tkprof  trc文件  目標(biāo)文件 sys=no sort=prsela,exeela,fchela  (格式化命令)

                SQL> set autot off

                SQL> alter session set statistics_level=typical;

                Session altered.

                SQL> alter session set events '10046 trace name context forever,level 12';

                Session altered.

                SQL> select count(*) from test;

                  COUNT(*) 

                ----------

                         7

                SQL> alter session set events '10046 trace name context off';

                Session altered.

                SQL> select d.value

                

                  2  || '/'

                

                  3  || LOWER (RTRIM(i.INSTANCE, CHR(0)))

                

                  4  || '_ora_'

                

                  5  || p.spid

                

                  6  || '.trc' trace_file_name

                

                  7  from (select p.spid

                

                  8        from v$mystat m,v$session s, v$process p

                

                  9        where  m.statistic#=1 and s.sid=m.sid and p.addr=s.paddr) p,

                

                 10        (select t.INSTANCE

                

                 11         FROM v$thread t,v$parameter v

                

                 12         WHERE v.name='thread'

                

                 13         AND(v.VALUE=0 OR t.thread#=to_number(v.value))) i,

                

                 14         (select value

                

                 15         from v$parameter

                

                 16         where name='user_dump_dest') d;

                TRACE_FILE_NAME

                -------------------------------------------------------------------

                

                /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ora12c/ora12c/trace/ora12c_ora_12195.trc

                SQL> host

                [oracle@ora12c ~]$ tkprof /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ora12c/ora12c/trace/ora12c_ora_12195.trc /home/oracle/10046.txt sys=no sort=prsela,exeela,fchela

                TKPROF: Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Development on Fri Jan 20 08:22:25 2017

                Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

                SQL ID: 7b2twsn8vgfsc Plan Hash: 784602781

                select count(*)   from test

                call     count       cpu    elapsed       disk      query    current        rows

                

                ------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------

                

                Parse        1      0.00       0.00          3          3          2           0

                

                Execute      1      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0

                

                Fetch        2      0.00       0.00          4         66          0           1

                

                ------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------

                

                total        4      0.00       0.00          7         69          2           1

                Misses in library cache during parse: 1

                

                Optimizer mode: ALL_ROWS

                

                Parsing user id: 103  

                

                Number of plan statistics captured: 1

                Rows (1st) Rows (avg) Rows (max)  Row Source Operation

                

                ---------- ---------- ----------  ---------------------------------------------------

                

                         1          1          1  SORT AGGREGATE (cr=66 pr=4 pw=0 time=298 us)

                

                         7          7          7   PARTITION RANGE ALL PARTITION: 1 3 (cr=66 pr=4 pw=0 time=397 us cost=39 size=0 card=11)

                

                         7          7          7    TABLE ACCESS FULL TEST PARTITION: 1 3 (cr=66 pr=4 pw=0 time=290 us cost=39 size=0 card=11)

                Elapsed times include waiting on following events:

                

                  Event waited on                             Times   Max. Wait  Total Waited

                

                  ----------------------------------------   Waited  ----------  ------------

                

                  db file sequential read                         4        0.00          0.00

                

                  SQL*Net message to client                       2        0.00          0.00

                

                  db file scattered read                          1        0.00          0.00

                

                  SQL*Net message from client                     2        7.03          7.03

            2.優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)

                優(yōu)點(diǎn):

                    1> 可以看出SQL語(yǔ)句對(duì)應(yīng)的等待事件

                    2> 如果SQL語(yǔ)句中有函數(shù),SQL中有SQL,將會(huì)都被列出,無(wú)處遁形

                    3> 可以方便的看出處理的行數(shù),邏輯物理讀

                    4> 可以跟蹤整個(gè)程序包

                缺點(diǎn):    

                    1> 步驟繁瑣,比較麻煩

                    2> 無(wú)法判斷表被訪問(wèn)了多少次

                    3> 執(zhí)行計(jì)劃中的謂詞部分不能清晰的展現(xiàn)出來(lái)

方法七、awrsqlrpt.sql

            1.執(zhí)行步驟  

               Step1:@?/rdbms/admin/awrsqrpt.sql

                Step2:選擇你要的斷點(diǎn)(begin snap 和end snap)

                Step3:輸入sql_id

適用場(chǎng)合分析

    1.如果某SQL執(zhí)行非常長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才會(huì)出結(jié)果,甚至慢到返回不了結(jié)果,這時(shí)候看執(zhí)行計(jì)劃就只能用方法explain plan for;

    2.跟蹤某條SQL最簡(jiǎn)單的方法是方法explain plan for ,其次就是方法autotrace;

    3.如果想觀察到某條SQL有多條執(zhí)行計(jì)劃的情況,只能用方法dbms_xplan.display_cursor(sql_id)和方法awrsqlrpt.sql;

    4.如果SQL中含有多函數(shù),函數(shù)中套有SQL等多層遞歸調(diào)用,想準(zhǔn)確分析,只能使用方法10046 trace;

    5.要想確??吹秸鎸?shí)的執(zhí)行計(jì)劃,不能用方法plsql developer和方法explain plan for;

    6.要想獲取表被訪問(wèn)的次數(shù),只能使用方法statistics_level(/*+ gather_plan_statistics */);

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