場景二: 在上一節(jié)實驗可以知道,沒有 綁定變量 時,數(shù)據(jù)傾斜問題在特定場景下可以用直..."/>
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Oracle 數(shù)據(jù)傾斜導致的問題 - 有綁定變量
參考整理---<< 恩墨年貨 -SQL 與性能優(yōu)化 >>
場景二:
在上一節(jié)實驗可以知道,沒有 綁定變量 時,數(shù)據(jù)傾斜問題在特定場景下可以用直方圖解決,那么在有綁定變量情況下,數(shù)據(jù)傾斜問題單憑直方圖可以解決嗎?
顯然是不能的, Oracle 綁定變量 技術(shù)解決了SQL 語句硬解析過多的問題,降低了資源的爭用。但是綁定變量在引入 cursor sharing ,增加了軟解析的同時, 由于SQL 文本相同,經(jīng)常生成相同的執(zhí)行計劃,在數(shù)據(jù)分布不均勻,數(shù)據(jù)傾斜嚴重時,有時會出現(xiàn)性能問題。
在oracle 9i 版本,引入了 綁定變量窺探Bind Peeking 技術(shù),在首次硬解析時,會去探測綁定變量的真實值,從而生成更準確的執(zhí)行計劃,但是從第二次軟解析開始,一直會沿用之前的執(zhí)行計劃,而一個執(zhí)行計劃并不會適用所有的綁定值,在過濾列數(shù)據(jù)分布嚴重傾斜時,可能會生成低效的執(zhí)行計劃。
為了彌補綁定變量窺探Bind Peeking 技術(shù)的缺陷, 11g 引入了 自適應(yīng)游標共享技術(shù)(Adaptive Cursor Sharing) ,通過自適應(yīng)游標共享,可以僅針對使用綁定變量的語句智能地共享游標。
一:綁定變量窺探Bind Peeking 對執(zhí)行計劃的影響
二: 自適應(yīng)游標共享技術(shù)(Adaptive Cursor Sharing)
一:綁定變量窺探Bind Peeking 對執(zhí)行計劃的影響
1 查看 Bind Peeking 和 Adaptive Cursor Sharing 參數(shù)
select name , value
from ( select nam.ksppinm name ,
val.KSPPSTVL value ,
--nam.ksppdesc description,
val.ksppstdf isdefault
from sys.x$ksppi nam , sys.x$ksppcv val
where nam.inst_id = val.inst_id
and nam.indx = val.indx )
where name in ( '_optimizer_adaptive_cursor_sharing' ,
'_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing_rel' ,
'_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing' ,
'_optim_peek_user_binds' );
2 創(chuàng)建測試數(shù)據(jù)
SQL> select banner_full from v$version;
BANNER_FULL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
SQL> show pdbs
CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 CJCPDB READ WRITE NO
SQL> conn cjc/cjc@cjcpdb
Connected
新建測試表 t1 :
SQL> create table t1 as select * from dba_objects;
創(chuàng)建索引:
SQL> create index idx_t1_01 on t1(object_id);
增加數(shù)據(jù):
SQL> insert into t1 select * from t1;
/
SQL> update t1 set object_id=rownum;
更新數(shù)據(jù), 使用數(shù)據(jù)分布不均勻:
SQL> update t1 set object_id=10 where object_id>10;
290010 rows updated.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select object_id,count(1) from t1 group by object_id order by 1;
-- 下面收集字段 OBJECT_ID 的直方圖:
SQL>
begin
dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('CJC',
'T1',
method_opt => 'for columns object_id size auto',
cascade => true);
end;
查看 直方圖 信息 :
select table_name,
column_name,
histogram,
num_distinct,
density,
last_analyzed
from user_tab_col_statistics
where table_name = 'T1'
and column_name = 'OBJECT_ID';
select *
from user_tab_histograms
where table_name = 'T1'
and column_name = 'OBJECT_ID'
order by 5 ;
3 綁定變量窺探對執(zhí)行計劃的影響
硬解析時綁定變量窺探特性可以根據(jù)綁定變量真實值生成高效的執(zhí)行計劃。
SQL> alter system flush shared_pool;
System altered.
SQL> set autotrace traceonly
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> set timing on
SQL> variable xxx varchar2(100)
SQL> execute :xxx := 1 0 ;
SQL> select * from t1 where object_id=:xxx;
SQL>
select sql_id,
child_number,
executions,
loads,
buffer_gets,
is_bind_sensitive as "bind_sensi",
is_bind_aware as "bind_aware",
is_shareable as "bind_share"
from v$sql
where sql_text like 'select * from t1 where object_id%';
select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('2gr2tazfbjvsa',format => 'advanced'));
第二次執(zhí)行軟解析,綁定變量值換成了1 ,結(jié)果集只有 1 條,但是沿用了之前的執(zhí)行計劃,走全表掃描,顯然是不合理的。
SQL> execute :xxx := 1;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
SQL> select * from t1 where object_id=:xxx;
Elapsed: 00:00:00.05
select sql_id,
child_number,
executions,
loads,
buffer_gets,
is_bind_sensitive as "bind_sensi",
is_bind_aware as "bind_aware",
is_shareable as "bind_share"
from v$sql
where sql_text like 'select * from t1 where object_id%';
二: 自適應(yīng)游標共享技術(shù)(Adaptive Cursor Sharing)
在多次執(zhí)行綁定變量等于1 的語句。
SQL> execute :xxx := 1;
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
SQL> select * from t1 where object_id=:xxx;
SQL> execute :xxx := 1;
SQL> select * from t1 where object_id=:xxx;
在多次執(zhí)行綁定變量等于10 的語句。
SQL> execute :xxx := 1 0 ;
SQL> select * from t1 where object_id=:xxx;
.......
游標自適應(yīng)生效了
Sql_id 相同,但是 plan_hash_value 不同,表示生成了不同的執(zhí)行計劃
select sql_id ,
plan_hash_value ,
child_number ,
executions ,
loads ,
buffer_gets ,
is_bind_sensitive as "bind_sensi" ,
is_bind_aware as "bind_aware" ,
is_shareable as "bind_share"
from v$sql
where sql_text like 'select * from t1 where object_id%' ;
查看生成的執(zhí)行計劃
SELECT SQL_ID ,
PLAN_HASH_VALUE ,
LPAD ( ' ' , 4 * DEPTH ) || OPERATION || OPTIONS OPERATION ,
OBJECT_NAME ,
CARDINALITY ,
BYTES ,
COST ,
TIME
FROM V$SQL_PLAN
where SQL_ID = '2gr2tazfbjvsa' ;
select * from v$sql_cs_histogram where sql_id='2gr2tazfbjvsa';
注意:
游標自適應(yīng)有時會導致大量SQL執(zhí)行計劃不穩(wěn)定,在11.2.0.1版本,綁定變量窺探特性可能會導致ORA-03137:TTC protocol internal error:[12333] 問題,有時我們會根據(jù)情況選擇關(guān)閉這些特性。
select name , value , description
from ( select nam.ksppinm name ,
val.KSPPSTVL value ,
nam.ksppdesc description ,
val.ksppstdf isdefault
from sys.x$ksppi nam , sys.x$ksppcv val
where nam.inst_id = val.inst_id
and nam.indx = val.indx )
where name in ( '_optimizer_adaptive_cursor_sharing' ,
'_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing_rel' ,
'_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing' ,
'_optim_peek_user_binds' );
--均為動態(tài)參數(shù)
--bind peeking(綁定變量窺探
--- alter system set "_optim_peek_user_binds" = false ;
--acs(adaptive cursor sharing)
alter system set "_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing_rel" = NONE ;
alter system set "_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing" = NONE ;
alter system set "_optimizer_adaptive_cursor_sharing" = false ;
數(shù)據(jù)庫級別游標自適應(yīng)關(guān)閉后,可以手動開啟語句級別游標自適應(yīng),方法如下:
---19C測試失敗了,還沒找到具體原因。
# 12.2 之前版本
DECLARE
V_SQL CLOB;
begin
--取出原 SQL的文本
SELECT SQL_FULLTEXT
INTO V_SQL
FROM V$SQL
WHERE SQL_ID = '2gr2tazfbjvsa'
AND ROWNUM = 1;
--增加 HINT
sys.dbms_sqldiag_internal.i_create_patch(sql_text => V_SQL,
hint_text => 'BIND_AWARE',
name => 'sql_2gr2tazfbjvsa');
end;
# 12.2 及以后版本
# 創(chuàng)建 sql patch
declare
patch_name varchar2(30);
begin
patch_name := dbms_sqldiag.create_sql_patch(sql_id => '2gr2tazfbjvsa',
hint_text => 'select * from t1 where object_id=:xxx');
end;
/
SQL>
select name,
to_char(created, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh34:mi:ss') as created,
status,
force_matching,
description,
substr(sql_text, 1, 50) as sql_text
from dba_sql_patches
order by created;
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