Java如何實(shí)現(xiàn)心跳機(jī)制

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2020-07-10 09:44:26 來(lái)源：億速云閱讀：494 作者：清晨欄目：開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)

這篇文章將為大家詳細(xì)講解有關(guān)Java如何實(shí)現(xiàn)心跳機(jī)制，小編覺(jué)得挺實(shí)用的，因此分享給大家做個(gè)參考，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后可以有所收獲。

一、心跳機(jī)制簡(jiǎn)介

在分布式系統(tǒng)中，分布在不同主機(jī)上的節(jié)點(diǎn)需要檢測(cè)其他節(jié)點(diǎn)的狀態(tài)，如服務(wù)器節(jié)點(diǎn)需要檢測(cè)從節(jié)點(diǎn)是否失效。為了檢測(cè)對(duì)方節(jié)點(diǎn)的有效性，每隔固定時(shí)間就發(fā)送一個(gè)固定信息給對(duì)方，對(duì)方回復(fù)一個(gè)固定信息，如果長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有收到對(duì)方的回復(fù)，則斷開(kāi)與對(duì)方的連接。

發(fā)包方既可以是服務(wù)端，也可以是客戶端，這要看具體實(shí)現(xiàn)。因?yàn)槭敲扛艄潭〞r(shí)間發(fā)送一次，類似心跳，所以發(fā)送的固定信息稱為心跳包。心跳包一般為比較小的包，可根據(jù)具體實(shí)現(xiàn)。心跳包主要應(yīng)用于長(zhǎng)連接的保持與短線鏈接。

一般而言，應(yīng)該客戶端主動(dòng)向服務(wù)器發(fā)送心跳包，因?yàn)榉?wù)器向客戶端發(fā)送心跳包會(huì)影響服務(wù)器的性能。

二、心跳機(jī)制實(shí)現(xiàn)方式

心跳機(jī)制有兩種實(shí)現(xiàn)方式，一種基于TCP自帶的心跳包，TCP的SO_KEEPALIVE選項(xiàng)可以，系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)的默認(rèn)跳幀頻率為2小時(shí)，超過(guò)2小時(shí)后，本地的TCP 實(shí)現(xiàn)會(huì)發(fā)送一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)包給遠(yuǎn)程的 Socket. 如果遠(yuǎn)程Socket 沒(méi)有發(fā)回響應(yīng), TCP實(shí)現(xiàn)就會(huì)持續(xù)嘗試 11 分鐘, 直到接收到響應(yīng)為止。否則就會(huì)自動(dòng)斷開(kāi)Socket連接。但TCP自帶的心跳包無(wú)法檢測(cè)比較敏感地知道對(duì)方的狀態(tài)，默認(rèn)2小時(shí)的空閑時(shí)間，對(duì)于大多數(shù)的應(yīng)用而言太長(zhǎng)了?？梢允止ら_(kāi)啟KeepAlive功能并設(shè)置合理的KeepAlive參數(shù)。

另一種在應(yīng)用層自己進(jìn)行實(shí)現(xiàn)，基本步驟如下：

Client使用定時(shí)器，不斷發(fā)送心跳；
Server收到心跳后，回復(fù)一個(gè)包；
Server為每個(gè)Client啟動(dòng)超時(shí)定時(shí)器，如果在指定時(shí)間內(nèi)沒(méi)有收到Client的心跳包，則Client失效。

三、Java實(shí)現(xiàn)心跳機(jī)制

這里基于Java實(shí)現(xiàn)的簡(jiǎn)單RPC框架實(shí)現(xiàn)心跳機(jī)制。Java實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼如下所示：

心跳客戶端類：

public class HeartbeatClient implements Runnable {
 
 private String serverIP = "127.0.0.1";
 private int serverPort = 8089;
 private String nodeID = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
 private boolean isRunning = true;
 // 最近的心跳時(shí)間
 private long lastHeartbeat;
 // 心跳間隔時(shí)間
 private long heartBeatInterval = 10 * 1000;
 
 public void run() {
 try {
  while (isRunning) {
  HeartbeatHandler handler = RPClient.getRemoteProxyObj(HeartbeatHandler.class, new InetSocketAddress(serverIP, serverPort));
  long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
  // 是否達(dá)到發(fā)送心跳的周期時(shí)間
  if (startTime - lastHeartbeat > heartBeatInterval) {
   System.out.println("send a heart beat");
   lastHeartbeat = startTime;
 
   HeartbeatEntity entity = new HeartbeatEntity();
   entity.setTime(startTime);
   entity.setNodeID(nodeID);
 
   // 向服務(wù)器發(fā)送心跳，并返回需要執(zhí)行的命令
   Cmder cmds = handler.sendHeartBeat(entity);
 
   if (!processCommand(cmds))
   continue;
  }
  }
 } catch (Exception e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }
 
 private boolean processCommand(Cmder cmds) {
 // ...
 return true;
 }
 
}

心跳包實(shí)體類：

public class HeartbeatEntity implements Serializable {
 
 private long time;
 private String nodeID;
 private String error;
 private Map<String, Object> info = new HashMap<String, Object>();
 
 public String getNodeID() {
 return nodeID;
 }
 
 public void setNodeID(String nodeID) {
 this.nodeID = nodeID;
 }
 
 public String getError() {
 return error;
 }
 
 public void setError(String error) {
 this.error = error;
 }
 
 public Map<String, Object> getInfo() {
 return info;
 }
 
 public void setInfo(Map<String, Object> info) {
 this.info = info;
 }
 
 public long getTime() {
 return time;
 }
 
 public void setTime(long time) {
 this.time = time;
 }
}

　　服務(wù)器接受心跳包返回的命令對(duì)象類：

public class Cmder implements Serializable {
 
 private String nodeID;
 private String error;
 private Map<String, Object> info = new HashMap<String, Object>();
 
 public String getNodeID() {
 return nodeID;
 }
 
 public void setNodeID(String nodeID) {
 this.nodeID = nodeID;
 }
 
 public String getError() {
 return error;
 }
 
 public void setError(String error) {
 this.error = error;
 }
 
 public Map<String, Object> getInfo() {
 return info;
 }
 
 public void setInfo(Map<String, Object> info) {
 this.info = info;
 }
}

　　RPC服務(wù)注冊(cè)中心：

public class ServiceCenter {
 
 private ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(20);
 
 private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Class> serviceRegistry = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Class>();
 
 private AtomicBoolean isRunning = new AtomicBoolean(true);
 
 // 服務(wù)器監(jiān)聽(tīng)端口
 private int port = 8089;
 
 // 心跳監(jiān)聽(tīng)器
 HeartbeatLinstener linstener;
 
 // 單例模式
 private static class SingleHolder {
 private static final ServiceCenter INSTANCE = new ServiceCenter();
 }
 
 private ServiceCenter() {
 }
 
 public static ServiceCenter getInstance() {
 return SingleHolder.INSTANCE;
 }
 
 public void register(Class serviceInterface, Class impl) {
 System.out.println("regeist service " + serviceInterface.getName());
 serviceRegistry.put(serviceInterface.getName(), impl);
 }
 
 public void start() throws IOException {
 ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket();
 server.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
 System.out.println("start server");
 linstener = HeartbeatLinstener.getInstance();
 System.out.println("start listen heart beat");
 try {
  while (true) {
  // 1.監(jiān)聽(tīng)客戶端的TCP連接，接到TCP連接后將其封裝成task，由線程池執(zhí)行
  executor.execute(new ServiceTask(server.accept()));
  }
 } finally {
  server.close();
 }
 }
 
 public void stop() {
 isRunning.set(false);
 executor.shutdown();
 }
 
 
 public boolean isRunning() {
 return isRunning.get();
 }
 
 public int getPort() {
 return port;
 }
 
 public void settPort(int port) {
 this.port = port;
 }
 
 public ConcurrentHashMap<String, Class> getServiceRegistry() {
 return serviceRegistry;
 }
 
 private class ServiceTask implements Runnable {
 Socket clent = null;
 
 public ServiceTask(Socket client) {
  this.clent = client;
 }
 
 public void run() {
  ObjectInputStream input = null;
  ObjectOutputStream output = null;
  try {
  // 2.將客戶端發(fā)送的碼流反序列化成對(duì)象，反射調(diào)用服務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)者，獲取執(zhí)行結(jié)果
  input = new ObjectInputStream(clent.getInputStream());
  String serviceName = input.readUTF();
  String methodName = input.readUTF();
  Class<&#63;>[] parameterTypes = (Class<&#63;>[]) input.readObject();
  Object[] arguments = (Object[]) input.readObject();
  Class serviceClass = serviceRegistry.get(serviceName);
  if (serviceClass == null) {
   throw new ClassNotFoundException(serviceName + " not found");
  }
  Method method = serviceClass.getMethod(methodName, parameterTypes);
  Object result = method.invoke(serviceClass.newInstance(), arguments);
 
  // 3.將執(zhí)行結(jié)果反序列化，通過(guò)socket發(fā)送給客戶端
  output = new ObjectOutputStream(clent.getOutputStream());
  output.writeObject(result);
  } catch (Exception e) {
  e.printStackTrace();
  } finally {
  if (output != null) {
   try {
   output.close();
   } catch (IOException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
   }
  }
  if (input != null) {
   try {
   input.close();
   } catch (IOException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
   }
  }
  if (clent != null) {
   try {
   clent.close();
   } catch (IOException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
   }
  }
  }
 
 }
 }
}

　　心跳監(jiān)聽(tīng)類：

package com.cang.heartbeat;
 
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 
/**
 * 心跳監(jiān)聽(tīng)保存信息
 *
 * @author cang
 * @create_time 2016-09-28 11:40
 */
public class HeartbeatLinstener {
 
 private ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(20);
 
 private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object> nodes = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object>();
 private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Long> nodeStatus = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Long>();
 
 private long timeout = 10 * 1000;
 
 // 服務(wù)器監(jiān)聽(tīng)端口
 private int port = 8089;
 
 // 單例模式
 private static class SingleHolder {
 private static final HeartbeatLinstener INSTANCE = new HeartbeatLinstener();
 }
 
 private HeartbeatLinstener() {
 }
 
 public static HeartbeatLinstener getInstance() {
 return SingleHolder.INSTANCE;
 }
 
 public ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object> getNodes() {
 return nodes;
 }
 
 public void registerNode(String nodeId, Object nodeInfo) {
 nodes.put(nodeId, nodeInfo);
 nodeStatus.put(nodeId, System.currentTimeMillis());
 }
 
 public void removeNode(String nodeID) {
 if (nodes.containsKey(nodeID)) {
  nodes.remove(nodeID);
 }
 }
 
 // 檢測(cè)節(jié)點(diǎn)是否有效
 public boolean checkNodeValid(String key) {
 if (!nodes.containsKey(key) || !nodeStatus.containsKey(key)) return false;
 if ((System.currentTimeMillis() - nodeStatus.get(key)) > timeout) return false;
 return true;
 }
 
 // 刪除所有失效節(jié)點(diǎn)
 public void removeInValidNode() {
 Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Long>> it = nodeStatus.entrySet().iterator();
 while (it.hasNext()) {
  Map.Entry<String, Long> e = it.next();
  if ((System.currentTimeMillis() - nodeStatus.get(e.getKey())) > timeout) {
  nodes.remove(e.getKey());
  }
 }
 }
 
}

　　心跳處理類接口：

public interface HeartbeatHandler {
 public Cmder sendHeartBeat(HeartbeatEntity info);
}

心跳處理實(shí)現(xiàn)類：

public class HeartbeatHandlerImpl implements HeartbeatHandler {
 public Cmder sendHeartBeat(HeartbeatEntity info) {
 HeartbeatLinstener linstener = HeartbeatLinstener.getInstance();
 
 // 添加節(jié)點(diǎn)
 if (!linstener.checkNodeValid(info.getNodeID())) {
  linstener.registerNode(info.getNodeID(), info);
 }
 
 // 其他操作
 Cmder cmder = new Cmder();
 cmder.setNodeID(info.getNodeID());
 // ...
 
 System.out.println("current all the nodes: ");
 Map<String, Object> nodes = linstener.getNodes();
 for (Map.Entry e : nodes.entrySet()) {
  System.out.println(e.getKey() + " : " + e.getValue());
 }
 System.out.println("hadle a heartbeat");
 return cmder;
 }
}

　　測(cè)試類：

public class HeartbeatTest {
 
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 new Thread(new Runnable() {
  public void run() {
  try {
   ServiceCenter serviceServer = ServiceCenter.getInstance();
   serviceServer.register(HeartbeatHandler.class, HeartbeatHandlerImpl.class);
   serviceServer.start();
  } catch (IOException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
  }
 }).start();
 Thread client1 = new Thread(new HeartbeatClient());
 client1.start();
 Thread client2 = new Thread(new HeartbeatClient());
 client2.start();
 }
}

上面的代碼還有很多不足的地方,希望有空能進(jìn)行改善：

配置為硬編碼；
命令類Cmder沒(méi)有實(shí)際實(shí)現(xiàn)，返回的Cmder對(duì)象沒(méi)有實(shí)際進(jìn)行處理；
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