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netty心跳機(jī)制示例,使用Netty實(shí)現(xiàn)心跳機(jī)制,使用netty4,IdleStateHandler 實(shí)現(xiàn)。Netty心跳機(jī)制,netty心跳檢測(cè),netty,心跳
本文假設(shè)你已經(jīng)了解了Netty的使用,或者至少寫過(guò)netty的helloworld,知道了netty的基本使用。我們知道使用netty的時(shí)候,大多數(shù)的東西都與Handler有關(guān),我們的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯基本都是在Handler中實(shí)現(xiàn)的。Netty中自帶了一個(gè)IdleStateHandler 可以用來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)心跳檢測(cè)。
心跳檢測(cè)的邏輯
本文中我們將要實(shí)現(xiàn)的心跳檢測(cè)邏輯是這樣的:服務(wù)端啟動(dòng)后,等待客戶端連接,客戶端連接之后,向服務(wù)端發(fā)送消息。如果客戶端在“干活”那么服務(wù)端必定會(huì)收到數(shù)據(jù),如果客戶端“閑下來(lái)了”那么服務(wù)端就接收不到這個(gè)客戶端的消息,既然客戶端閑下來(lái)了,不干事,那么何必浪費(fèi)連接資源呢?所以服務(wù)端檢測(cè)到一定時(shí)間內(nèi)客戶端不活躍的時(shí)候,將客戶端連接關(guān)閉。本文要實(shí)現(xiàn)的邏輯步驟為:
有了這個(gè)思路,我們先來(lái)編寫服務(wù)端。
心跳檢測(cè)服務(wù)端代碼
public class HeartBeatServer { int port ; public HeartBeatServer(int port){ this.port = port; } public void start(){ ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(); EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup(); EventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try{ bootstrap.group(boss,worker) .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO)) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .childHandler(new HeartBeatInitializer()); ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync(); future.channel().closeFuture().sync(); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); }finally { worker.shutdownGracefully(); boss.shutdownGracefully(); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { HeartBeatServer server = new HeartBeatServer(8090); server.start(); } }
熟悉netty的同志,對(duì)于上面的模板一樣的代碼一定是在熟悉不過(guò)了。啥都不用看,只需要看childHandler(new HeartBeatInitializer()) 這一句。HeartBeatInitializer就是一個(gè)ChannelInitializer顧名思義,他就是在初始化channel的時(shí)做一些事情。我們所需要開(kāi)發(fā)的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯Handler就是在這里添加的。其代碼如下:
public class HeartBeatInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<Channel> { @Override protected void initChannel(Channel channel) throws Exception { ChannelPipeline pipeline = channel.pipeline(); pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder()); pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder()); pipeline.addLast(new IdleStateHandler(2,2,2, TimeUnit.SECONDS)); pipeline.addLast(new HeartBeatHandler()); } }
代碼很簡(jiǎn)單,我們先添加了StringDecoder,和StringEncoder。這兩個(gè)其實(shí)就是編解碼用的,下面的IdleStateHandler才是本次心跳的核心組件。我們可以看到IdleStateHandler的構(gòu)造函數(shù)中接收了4個(gè)參數(shù),其定義如下:
public IdleStateHandler(long readerIdleTime, long writerIdleTime, long allIdleTime, TimeUnit unit);
三個(gè)空閑時(shí)間參數(shù),以及時(shí)間參數(shù)的格式。我們的例子中設(shè)置的是2,2,2,意思就是客戶端2秒沒(méi)有讀/寫,這個(gè)超時(shí)時(shí)間就會(huì)被觸發(fā)。超時(shí)事件觸發(fā)就需要我們來(lái)處理了,這就是上的HeartBeatInitializer中最后一行的HeartBeatHandler所做的事情。代碼如下:
public class HeartBeatHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> { int readIdleTimes = 0; @Override protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String s) throws Exception { System.out.println(" ====== > [server] message received : " + s); if("I am alive".equals(s)){ ctx.channel().writeAndFlush("copy that"); }else { System.out.println(" 其他信息處理 ... "); } } @Override public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception { IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent)evt; String eventType = null; switch (event.state()){ case READER_IDLE: eventType = "讀空閑"; readIdleTimes ++; // 讀空閑的計(jì)數(shù)加1 break; case WRITER_IDLE: eventType = "寫空閑"; // 不處理 break; case ALL_IDLE: eventType ="讀寫空閑"; // 不處理 break; } System.out.println(ctx.channel().remoteAddress() + "超時(shí)事件:" +eventType); if(readIdleTimes > 3){ System.out.println(" [server]讀空閑超過(guò)3次,關(guān)閉連接"); ctx.channel().writeAndFlush("you are out"); ctx.channel().close(); } } @Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { System.err.println("=== " + ctx.channel().remoteAddress() + " is active ==="); } }
至此,我們的服務(wù)端寫好了。
心跳檢測(cè)客戶端代碼
netty的api設(shè)計(jì)使得編碼的模式非常具有通用性,所以客戶端代碼和服務(wù)端的代碼幾乎一樣:?jiǎn)?dòng)client端的代碼幾乎一樣,也需要一個(gè)ChannelInitializer,也需要Handler。改動(dòng)的地方很少,因此本文不對(duì)客戶端代碼進(jìn)行詳細(xì)解釋。下面給出client端的完整代碼:
public class HeartBeatClient { int port; Channel channel; Random random ; public HeartBeatClient(int port){ this.port = port; random = new Random(); } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ HeartBeatClient client = new HeartBeatClient(8090); client.start(); } public void start() { EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try{ Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap(); bootstrap.group(eventLoopGroup).channel(NioSocketChannel.class) .handler(new HeartBeatClientInitializer()); connect(bootstrap,port); String text = "I am alive"; while (channel.isActive()){ sendMsg(text); } }catch(Exception e){ // do something }finally { eventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } public void connect(Bootstrap bootstrap,int port) throws Exception{ channel = bootstrap.connect("localhost",8090).sync().channel(); } public void sendMsg(String text) throws Exception{ int num = random.nextInt(10); Thread.sleep(num * 1000); channel.writeAndFlush(text); } static class HeartBeatClientInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<Channel> { @Override protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception { ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline(); pipeline.addLast("decoder", new StringDecoder()); pipeline.addLast("encoder", new StringEncoder()); pipeline.addLast(new HeartBeatClientHandler()); } } static class HeartBeatClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String> { @Override protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String msg) throws Exception { System.out.println(" client received :" +msg); if(msg!= null && msg.equals("you are out")) { System.out.println(" server closed connection , so client will close too"); ctx.channel().closeFuture(); } } } }
運(yùn)行代碼
在上面的代碼寫好之后,我們先啟動(dòng)服務(wù)端,然后在啟動(dòng)客戶端。運(yùn)行日志如下:
server端:
=== /127.0.0.1:57700 is active === ====== > [server] message received : I am alive ====== > [server] message received : I am alive /127.0.0.1:57700超時(shí)事件:寫空閑 /127.0.0.1:57700超時(shí)事件:讀空閑 /127.0.0.1:57700超時(shí)事件:讀寫空閑 /127.0.0.1:57700超時(shí)事件:寫空閑 /127.0.0.1:57700超時(shí)事件:讀空閑 /127.0.0.1:57700超時(shí)事件:讀寫空閑 /127.0.0.1:57700超時(shí)事件:寫空閑 ====== > [server] message received : I am alive /127.0.0.1:57700超時(shí)事件:寫空閑 /127.0.0.1:57700超時(shí)事件:讀寫空閑 /127.0.0.1:57700超時(shí)事件:讀空閑 /127.0.0.1:57700超時(shí)事件:寫空閑 /127.0.0.1:57700超時(shí)事件:讀寫空閑 /127.0.0.1:57700超時(shí)事件:讀空閑 [server]讀空閑超過(guò)3次,關(guān)閉連接
client端:
client sent msg and sleep 2 client received :copy that client received :copy that client sent msg and sleep 6 client sent msg and sleep 6 client received :copy that client received :you are out server closed connection , so client will close too Process finished with exit code 0
通過(guò)上面的運(yùn)行日志,我們可以看到:
1.客戶端在與服務(wù)器成功建立之后,發(fā)送了3次'I am alive',服務(wù)端也回應(yīng)了3次:'copy that'
2.由于客戶端消極怠工,超時(shí)了多次,服務(wù)端關(guān)閉了鏈接。
3.客戶端知道服務(wù)端拋棄自己之后,也關(guān)閉了連接,程序退出。
以上簡(jiǎn)單了演示了一下,netty的心跳機(jī)制,其實(shí)主要就是使用了IdleStateHandler。源碼下載
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