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小編給大家分享一下更新postgresql數(shù)據(jù)庫的方法,相信大部分人都還不怎么了解,因此分享這邊文章給大家學(xué)習(xí),希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后大所收獲,下面讓我們一起去學(xué)習(xí)方法吧!
1、升級(jí)工具
在程序的bin目錄下,提供了很多的數(shù)據(jù)庫工具,有一個(gè)pg_upgrade的工具就是專門用于數(shù)據(jù)庫升級(jí)的。關(guān)于該工具可以使用幫助命令來查看具體的用法:
[postgres@pgmaster pgdata]$ pg_upgrade --help pg_upgrade upgrades a PostgreSQL cluster to a different major version. Usage: pg_upgrade [OPTION]... Options: -b, --old-bindir=BINDIR old cluster executable directory -B, --new-bindir=BINDIR new cluster executable directory -c, --check check clusters only, don't change any data -d, --old-datadir=DATADIR old cluster data directory -D, --new-datadir=DATADIR new cluster data directory -j, --jobs number of simultaneous processes or threads to use -k, --link link instead of copying files to new cluster -o, --old-options=OPTIONS old cluster options to pass to the server -O, --new-options=OPTIONS new cluster options to pass to the server -p, --old-port=PORT old cluster port number (default 50432) -P, --new-port=PORT new cluster port number (default 50432) -r, --retain retain SQL and log files after success -U, --username=NAME cluster superuser (default "postgres") -v, --verbose enable verbose internal logging -V, --version display version information, then exit -?, --help show this help, then exit Before running pg_upgrade you must: create a new database cluster (using the new version of initdb) shutdown the postmaster servicing the old cluster shutdown the postmaster servicing the new cluster When you run pg_upgrade, you must provide the following information: the data directory for the old cluster (-d DATADIR) the data directory for the new cluster (-D DATADIR) the "bin" directory for the old version (-b BINDIR) the "bin" directory for the new version (-B BINDIR) For example: pg_upgrade -d oldCluster/data -D newCluster/data -b oldCluster/bin -B newCluster/bin or $ export PGDATAOLD=oldCluster/data $ export PGDATANEW=newCluster/data $ export PGBINOLD=oldCluster/bin $ export PGBINNEW=newCluster/bin $ pg_upgrade Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.
幫助文件中,提到了使用pg_upgrade工具前,必須創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的數(shù)據(jù)庫,并且是已經(jīng)初始化的,同時(shí)關(guān)閉原來的數(shù)據(jù)庫和新的數(shù)據(jù)庫。使用pg_upgrade時(shí)候,必須要加上前后版本的data目錄和bin目錄。
2、升級(jí)過程
首先確認(rèn)的是,原來的數(shù)據(jù)庫版本是pg9.6,數(shù)據(jù)目錄在/data/pgdata。然后,安裝完pg10.5后,不要初始化目錄。
將原來的9.6版本數(shù)據(jù)目錄重命名為pgdata.old
mv /data/pgdata /data/pgdata.old
在/data/下創(chuàng)建一個(gè)pgdata目錄,作為新版本的數(shù)據(jù)庫數(shù)據(jù)目錄,需要注意的是,這個(gè)目錄權(quán)限是700,owner是postgres
cd /data/ mkdir pgdata chmod 700 pgdata chown -R postgres.postgres pgdata
使用pg10.5的initdb初始化/data/pgdata目錄
initdb -D /data/pgdata
進(jìn)行升級(jí)check,注意后面加上-c,這一步只是檢查不會(huì)實(shí)際執(zhí)行升級(jí)。所有項(xiàng)都是ok即認(rèn)為是可以升級(jí)。
[postgres@pgmaster ~]$ pg_upgrade -b /usr/local/pgsql-9.6/bin -B /usr/local/pgsql/bin/ -d /data/pgdata.old/ -D /data/pgdata -p 5432 -P 5432 -c Performing Consistency Checks ----------------------------- Checking cluster versions ok Checking database user is the install user ok Checking database connection settings ok Checking for prepared transactions ok Checking for reg* data types in user tables ok Checking for contrib/isn with bigint-passing mismatch ok Checking for invalid "unknown" user columns ok Checking for hash indexes ok Checking for presence of required libraries ok Checking database user is the install user ok Checking for prepared transactions ok *Clusters are compatible*
執(zhí)行升級(jí)。即在上一步去掉-c,需要注意的是這一步根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)庫的大小執(zhí)行時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短不一,執(zhí)行完畢后會(huì)產(chǎn)生兩個(gè)腳本analyze_new_cluster.sh和delete_old_cluster.sh,根據(jù)實(shí)際需要來進(jìn)行執(zhí)行,一般都會(huì)執(zhí)行第一個(gè)腳本,第二個(gè)不建議執(zhí)行,以防需要回滾升級(jí),保留原來的數(shù)據(jù)目錄比較保險(xiǎn)。
[postgres@pgmaster ~]$ pg_upgrade -b /usr/local/pgsql-9.6/bin -B /usr/local/pgsql/bin/ -d /data/pgdata.old/ -D /data/pgdata -p 5432 -P 5432 Performing Consistency Checks ----------------------------- Checking cluster versions ok Checking database user is the install user ok Checking database connection settings ok Checking for prepared transactions ok Checking for reg* data types in user tables ok Checking for contrib/isn with bigint-passing mismatch ok Checking for invalid "unknown" user columns ok Creating dump of global objects ok Creating dump of database schemas ok Checking for presence of required libraries ok Checking database user is the install user ok Checking for prepared transactions ok If pg_upgrade fails after this point, you must re-initdb the new cluster before continuing. Performing Upgrade ------------------ Analyzing all rows in the new cluster ok Freezing all rows in the new cluster ok Deleting files from new pg_xact ok Copying old pg_clog to new server ok Setting next transaction ID and epoch for new cluster ok Deleting files from new pg_multixact/offsets ok Copying old pg_multixact/offsets to new server ok Deleting files from new pg_multixact/members ok Copying old pg_multixact/members to new server ok Setting next multixact ID and offset for new cluster ok Resetting WAL archives ok Setting frozenxid and minmxid counters in new cluster ok Restoring global objects in the new cluster ok Restoring database schemas in the new cluster ok Copying user relation files ok Setting next OID for new cluster ok Sync data directory to disk ok Creating script to analyze new cluster ok Creating script to delete old cluster ok Checking for hash indexes ok Upgrade Complete ---------------- Optimizer statistics are not transferred by pg_upgrade so, once you start the new server, consider running: ./analyze_new_cluster.sh Running this script will delete the old cluster's data files: ./delete_old_cluster.sh
執(zhí)行腳本前,需要先啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫pg_ctl -D /data/pgdata start
[postgres@pgmaster ~]$ pg_ctl -D /data/pgdata start waiting for server to start....2019-10-08 17:18:51.402 CST [35827] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432 2019-10-08 17:18:51.402 CST [35827] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432 2019-10-08 17:18:51.408 CST [35827] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432" 2019-10-08 17:18:51.437 CST [35828] LOG: database system was shut down at 2019-10-08 17:16:11 CST 2019-10-08 17:18:51.442 CST [35827] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections done server started
執(zhí)行腳本./analyze_new_cluster.sh ,從運(yùn)行日志來看,主要是創(chuàng)建統(tǒng)計(jì)信息
[postgres@pgmaster ~]$ ./analyze_new_cluster.sh This script will generate minimal optimizer statistics rapidly so your system is usable, and then gather statistics twice more with increasing accuracy. When it is done, your system will have the default level of optimizer statistics. If you have used ALTER TABLE to modify the statistics target for any tables, you might want to remove them and restore them after running this script because they will delay fast statistics generation. If you would like default statistics as quickly as possible, cancel this script and run: "/usr/local/pgsql/bin/vacuumdb" --all --analyze-only vacuumdb: processing database "postgres": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target) vacuumdb: processing database "template1": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target) vacuumdb: processing database "test": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target) vacuumdb: processing database "postgres": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets) vacuumdb: processing database "template1": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets) vacuumdb: processing database "test": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets) vacuumdb: processing database "postgres": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics vacuumdb: processing database "template1": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics vacuumdb: processing database "test": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics Done
至此,查看version,發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)由原來的9.6升級(jí)為10.5,升級(jí)結(jié)束。
postgres=# select version(); version --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PostgreSQL 10.5 on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39), 64-bit (1 row)
以上是更新postgresql數(shù)據(jù)庫的方法的所有內(nèi)容,感謝各位的閱讀!相信大家都有了一定的了解,希望分享的內(nèi)容對(duì)大家有所幫助,如果還想學(xué)習(xí)更多知識(shí),歡迎關(guān)注億速云行業(yè)資訊頻道!
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