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今天就跟大家聊聊有關(guān)在Android中跨進(jìn)程時(shí)拋出異常如何解決,可能很多人都不太了解,為了讓大家更加了解,小編給大家總結(jié)了以下內(nèi)容,希望大家根據(jù)這篇文章可以有所收獲。
怎樣將異常從服務(wù)端拋到客戶(hù)端
也就是說(shuō)在Service端拋出的異常需要可以在Client端接收。印象中binder是可以傳異常的,所以aidl直接走起:
// aidl文件 interface ITestExceptionAidl { boolean testThrowException(); } // service端實(shí)現(xiàn) public class AidlService extends Service { @Nullable @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return new ITestExceptionAidl.Stub() { @Override public boolean testThrowException() throws RemoteException { if (true) { throw new RuntimeException("TestException"); } return true; } }; } } // client端實(shí)現(xiàn) bindService(intent, new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { ITestExceptionAidl aidl = ITestExceptionAidl.Stub.asInterface(service); try { aidl.testThrowException(); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e("testtest", "Exception", e); } } @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { } }, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
但是這個(gè)程序?qū)嶋H上運(yùn)行起來(lái)是這樣的:
01-01 05:31:55.475 4868 4880 E JavaBinder: *** Uncaught remote exception! (Exceptions are not yet supported across processes.)
01-01 05:31:55.475 4868 4880 E JavaBinder: java.lang.RuntimeException: TestException
01-01 05:31:55.475 4868 4880 E JavaBinder: at me.linjw.demo.ipcdemo.AidlService$1.testThrowException(AidlService.java:22)
01-01 05:31:55.475 4868 4880 E JavaBinder: at me.linjw.demo.ipcdemo.ITestExceptionAidl$Stub.onTransact(ITestExceptionAidl.java:48)
01-01 05:31:55.475 4868 4880 E JavaBinder: at android.os.Binder.execTransact(Binder.java:565)
看日志里面的ITestExceptionAidl$Stub.onTransact,也就是說(shuō)在service端就已經(jīng)被異常打斷了,并沒(méi)有傳給client端,而且第一個(gè)大大的”Exceptions are not yet supported across processes.”是說(shuō)異常不允許跨進(jìn)程嗎?但是我明明記得AIDL生成的代碼里面就有向Parcel寫(xiě)入異常啊:
public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException { switch (code) { case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION: { reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR); return true; } case TRANSACTION_testThrowException: { data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR); boolean _result = this.testThrowException(); reply.writeNoException(); // 這里寫(xiě)入的是沒(méi)有拋出異常 reply.writeInt(((_result) ? (1) : (0))); return true; } } return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags); }
查找Parcel的源碼,其實(shí)是有writeException方法的:
public final void writeException(Exception e) { int code = 0; if (e instanceof Parcelable && (e.getClass().getClassLoader() == Parcelable.class.getClassLoader())) { // We only send Parcelable exceptions that are in the // BootClassLoader to ensure that the receiver can unpack them code = EX_PARCELABLE; } else if (e instanceof SecurityException) { code = EX_SECURITY; } else if (e instanceof BadParcelableException) { code = EX_BAD_PARCELABLE; } else if (e instanceof IllegalArgumentException) { code = EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT; } else if (e instanceof NullPointerException) { code = EX_NULL_POINTER; } else if (e instanceof IllegalStateException) { code = EX_ILLEGAL_STATE; } else if (e instanceof NetworkOnMainThreadException) { code = EX_NETWORK_MAIN_THREAD; } else if (e instanceof UnsupportedOperationException) { code = EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION; } else if (e instanceof ServiceSpecificException) { code = EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC; } writeInt(code); StrictMode.clearGatheredViolations(); if (code == 0) { if (e instanceof RuntimeException) { throw (RuntimeException) e; } throw new RuntimeException(e); } writeString(e.getMessage()); ... }
可以看到其實(shí)Parcel是支持寫(xiě)入異常的,但是只支持Parcelable的異?;蛘呦旅孢@幾種異常:
SecurityException
BadParcelableException
IllegalArgumentException
NullPointerException
IllegalStateException
NetworkOnMainThreadException
UnsupportedOperationException
ServiceSpecificException
如果是普通的RuntimeException,這打斷寫(xiě)入,繼續(xù)拋出。
于是我們將RuntimeException改成它支持的UnsupportedOperationException試試:
// service端改成拋出UnsupportedOperationException ppublic class AidlService extends Service { @Nullable @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return new ITestExceptionAidl.Stub() { @Override public boolean testThrowException() throws RemoteException { if (true) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException("TestException"); } return true; } }; } } // client端實(shí)現(xiàn)還是一樣,不變 bindService(intent, new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { ITestExceptionAidl aidl = ITestExceptionAidl.Stub.asInterface(service); try { aidl.testThrowException(); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e("testtest", "Exception", e); } } @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { } }, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
這樣運(yùn)行的話(huà)客戶(hù)端就能捕獲到異常:
01-01 05:49:46.770 19937 19937 E testtest: RemoteException
01-01 05:49:46.770 19937 19937 E testtest: java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException: TestException
01-01 05:49:46.770 19937 19937 E testtest: at android.os.Parcel.readException(Parcel.java:1728)
01-01 05:49:46.770 19937 19937 E testtest: at android.os.Parcel.readException(Parcel.java:1669)
01-01 05:49:46.770 19937 19937 E testtest: at me.linjw.demo.ipcdemo.ITestExceptionAidl$Stub$Proxy.testThrowException(ITestExceptionAidl.java:77)
01-01 05:49:46.770 19937 19937 E testtest: at me.linjw.demo.ipcdemo.MainActivity$3.onServiceConnected(MainActivity.java:132)
01-01 05:49:46.770 19937 19937 E testtest: at android.app.LoadedApk$ServiceDispatcher.doConnected(LoadedApk.java:1465)
01-01 05:49:46.770 19937 19937 E testtest: at android.app.LoadedApk$ServiceDispatcher$RunConnection.run(LoadedApk.java:1482)
01-01 05:49:46.770 19937 19937 E testtest: at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:751)
01-01 05:49:46.770 19937 19937 E testtest: at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
01-01 05:49:46.770 19937 19937 E testtest: at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
01-01 05:49:46.770 19937 19937 E testtest: at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6097)
01-01 05:49:46.770 19937 19937 E testtest: at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
01-01 05:49:46.770 19937 19937 E testtest: at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1052)
01-01 05:49:46.770 19937 19937 E testtest: at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:942)
跨進(jìn)程傳遞異常的原理
好,知道了如何去跨進(jìn)程傳遞異常之后,然后我們來(lái)看看異常到底是如何傳遞過(guò)去的。
讓我們?cè)賮?lái)看看異常寫(xiě)入的代碼:
// 有異常的情況 public final void writeException(Exception e) { int code = 0; if (e instanceof Parcelable && (e.getClass().getClassLoader() == Parcelable.class.getClassLoader())) { // We only send Parcelable exceptions that are in the // BootClassLoader to ensure that the receiver can unpack them code = EX_PARCELABLE; } else if (e instanceof SecurityException) { code = EX_SECURITY; } else if (e instanceof BadParcelableException) { code = EX_BAD_PARCELABLE; } else if (e instanceof IllegalArgumentException) { code = EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT; } else if (e instanceof NullPointerException) { code = EX_NULL_POINTER; } else if (e instanceof IllegalStateException) { code = EX_ILLEGAL_STATE; } else if (e instanceof NetworkOnMainThreadException) { code = EX_NETWORK_MAIN_THREAD; } else if (e instanceof UnsupportedOperationException) { code = EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION; } else if (e instanceof ServiceSpecificException) { code = EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC; } writeInt(code); StrictMode.clearGatheredViolations(); if (code == 0) { if (e instanceof RuntimeException) { throw (RuntimeException) e; } throw new RuntimeException(e); } writeString(e.getMessage()); // 之后還有一些寫(xiě)入堆棧的操作,比較多,這里可以不看 } public final void writeNoException() { if (StrictMode.hasGatheredViolations()) { // 如果StrictMode收集到了寫(xiě)違規(guī)行為會(huì)走這里,我們可以不關(guān)注它 writeInt(EX_HAS_REPLY_HEADER); ... } else { // 一般情況下會(huì)走這里 writeInt(0); } }
這里給每種支持的異常都編了個(gè)號(hào)碼,它會(huì)往Parcel寫(xiě)入。而0代表的是沒(méi)有發(fā)生異常。然后再看看讀取異常的代碼:
public boolean testThrowException() throws android.os.RemoteException { android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); boolean _result; try { _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR); mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_testThrowException, _data, _reply, 0); _reply.readException(); _result = (0 != _reply.readInt()); } finally { _reply.recycle(); _data.recycle(); } return _result; } // android.os.Parcel.readException public final void readException() { int code = readExceptionCode(); if (code != 0) { String msg = readString(); //在這個(gè)方法里面創(chuàng)建異常并且拋出 readException(code, msg); } }
然后這里有個(gè)需要注意的點(diǎn)就是異常必須是寫(xiě)在Parcel的頭部的,也就是說(shuō)如果沒(méi)有異常,我們先要將0寫(xiě)到頭部,然后再將返回值繼續(xù)往后面寫(xiě)入。如果有異常,我們要先將異常編碼寫(xiě)入頭部,然后就不需要再寫(xiě)入返回值了。
這樣,在客戶(hù)端讀取的時(shí)候讀取的頭部就能知道到底有沒(méi)有異常,沒(méi)有異常就繼續(xù)讀取返回值,有異常就將異常讀取出來(lái)并且拋出。
// service端代碼 boolean _result = this.testThrowException(); reply.writeNoException(); // 先寫(xiě)入異常 reply.writeInt(((_result) ? (1) : (0))); // 再寫(xiě)入返回值 // client端代碼 mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_testThrowException, _data, _reply, 0); _reply.readException(); // 先讀取異常,有異常的話(huà)readException方法里面會(huì)直接拋出 _result = (0 != _reply.readInt()); // 再讀取返回值
也就是Parcel的頭部是一個(gè)標(biāo)志位,標(biāo)志了有異?;蛘邿o(wú)異常:
但是我們看到AIDL生成的代碼都是寫(xiě)入的無(wú)異常,那我們拋出的異常是怎么傳過(guò)去的呢?還記得這個(gè)打印嗎?
01-01 05:31:55.475 4868 4880 E JavaBinder: *** Uncaught remote exception! (Exceptions are not yet supported across processes.)
01-01 05:31:55.475 4868 4880 E JavaBinder: java.lang.RuntimeException: TestException
01-01 05:31:55.475 4868 4880 E JavaBinder: at me.linjw.demo.ipcdemo.AidlService$1.testThrowException(AidlService.java:22)
01-01 05:31:55.475 4868 4880 E JavaBinder: at me.linjw.demo.ipcdemo.ITestExceptionAidl$Stub.onTransact(ITestExceptionAidl.java:48)
01-01 05:31:55.475 4868 4880 E JavaBinder: at android.os.Binder.execTransact(Binder.java:565)
我們?nèi)ndroid.os.Binder.execTransact這里找找看, onTransact方法實(shí)際就是在這里被調(diào)用的
private boolean execTransact(int code, long dataObj, long replyObj, int flags) { Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(dataObj); Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain(replyObj); boolean res; try { res = onTransact(code, data, reply, flags); } catch (RemoteException|RuntimeException e) { ... reply.setDataPosition(0); reply.writeException(e); res = true; } catch (OutOfMemoryError e) { RuntimeException re = new RuntimeException("Out of memory", e); reply.setDataPosition(0); reply.writeException(re); res = true; } checkParcel(this, code, reply, "Unreasonably large binder reply buffer"); reply.recycle(); data.recycle(); return res; }
看,這里如果catch到了方法,也就是說(shuō)我們服務(wù)端有拋出異常,就會(huì)在catch代碼塊里面先就Parcel的游標(biāo)重置回0,然后往Parcel頭部寫(xiě)入異常。
好,到了這里其實(shí)整個(gè)流程就差不多了,但是我發(fā)現(xiàn)我沒(méi)有看到那個(gè)”Exceptions are not yet supported across processes.”字符串,這個(gè)不支持的提示又是哪里來(lái)的呢?
讓我們?cè)倩貞浵麓a,在遇到不支持的異常類(lèi)型的時(shí)候, writeException也會(huì)拋出異常:
public final void writeException(Exception e) { int code = 0; if (e instanceof Parcelable && (e.getClass().getClassLoader() == Parcelable.class.getClassLoader())) { // We only send Parcelable exceptions that are in the // BootClassLoader to ensure that the receiver can unpack them code = EX_PARCELABLE; } else if (e instanceof SecurityException) { code = EX_SECURITY; } else if (e instanceof BadParcelableException) { code = EX_BAD_PARCELABLE; } else if (e instanceof IllegalArgumentException) { code = EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT; } else if (e instanceof NullPointerException) { code = EX_NULL_POINTER; } else if (e instanceof IllegalStateException) { code = EX_ILLEGAL_STATE; } else if (e instanceof NetworkOnMainThreadException) { code = EX_NETWORK_MAIN_THREAD; } else if (e instanceof UnsupportedOperationException) { code = EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION; } else if (e instanceof ServiceSpecificException) { code = EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC; } writeInt(code); StrictMode.clearGatheredViolations(); // code為0,代表不支持這種異常,繼續(xù)把異常拋出或者創(chuàng)建RuntimeException拋出 if (code == 0) { if (e instanceof RuntimeException) { throw (RuntimeException) e; } throw new RuntimeException(e); } ... }
由于這個(gè)writeException,已經(jīng)是在catch代碼塊里面運(yùn)行的了,沒(méi)有人再去catch它,于是就會(huì)打斷這個(gè)流程,直接跳出。形成了一個(gè)Uncaught remote exception。
最后我們找到/frameworks/base/core/jni/android_util_Binder.cpp的onTransact方法,這里通過(guò)jni調(diào)到Java的execTransact方法,調(diào)用完之后進(jìn)行ExceptionCheck,如果發(fā)現(xiàn)有異常的話(huà)就report_exception:
virtual status_t onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags = 0) { JNIEnv* env = javavm_to_jnienv(mVM); IPCThreadState* thread_state = IPCThreadState::self(); const int32_t strict_policy_before = thread_state->getStrictModePolicy(); jboolean res = env->CallBooleanMethod(mObject, gBinderOffsets.mExecTransact, code, reinterpret_cast<jlong>(&data), reinterpret_cast<jlong>(reply), flags); if (env->ExceptionCheck()) { jthrowable excep = env->ExceptionOccurred(); // 就是這里啦 report_exception(env, excep, "*** Uncaught remote exception! " "(Exceptions are not yet supported across processes.)"); res = JNI_FALSE; env->DeleteLocalRef(excep); } ... }
看完上述內(nèi)容,你們對(duì)在Android中跨進(jìn)程時(shí)拋出異常如何解決有進(jìn)一步的了解嗎?如果還想了解更多知識(shí)或者相關(guān)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)關(guān)注億速云行業(yè)資訊頻道,感謝大家的支持。
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