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本篇文章為大家展示了如何正確的使用kaptcha驗證碼組件,內(nèi)容簡明扼要并且容易理解,絕對能使你眼前一亮,通過這篇文章的詳細(xì)介紹希望你能有所收獲。
一、簡單的jsp-servlet項目
1.添加jar包依賴
如果你使用maven來統(tǒng)一管理jar包,則在工程的pom.xml中添加dependency
<!-- kaptcha --> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.code.kaptcha</groupId> <artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId> <version>2.3.2</version> </dependency>
如果是非maven管理的項目,則直接在官網(wǎng)下載kaptcha的jar包,然后添加到項目lib庫中,下載地址:
http://code.google.com/p/kaptcha/downloads/list
2.配置web.xml
上面說了,kaptcha都是在web.xml中配置,我們必須在web.xml中配置kaptcha的servlet,具體如下:
<servlet> <servlet-name>Kaptcha</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.google.code.kaptcha.servlet.KaptchaServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Kaptcha</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/kaptcha.jpg</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
其中servlet的url-pattern可以自定義。
kaptcha所有的參數(shù)都有默認(rèn)的配置,如果我們不顯示配置的話,會采取默認(rèn)的配置。
如果要顯示配置kaptcha,在配置kaptcha對應(yīng)的Servlet時,在init-param增加響應(yīng)的參數(shù)配置即可。示例如下:
<servlet> <servlet-name>Kaptcha</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.google.code.kaptcha.servlet.KaptchaServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>kaptcha.image.width</param-name> <param-value>200</param-value> <description>Width in pixels of the kaptcha image.</description> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>kaptcha.image.height</param-name> <param-value>50</param-value> <description>Height in pixels of the kaptcha image.</description> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.char.length</param-name> <param-value>4</param-value> <description>The number of characters to display.</description> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>kaptcha.noise.impl</param-name> <param-value>com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.NoNoise</param-value> <description>The noise producer.</description> </init-param> </servlet>
具體的配置參數(shù)參見:http://code.google.com/p/kaptcha/wiki/ConfigParameters
3.頁面調(diào)用
<form action="submit.action"> <input type="text" name="kaptcha" value="" /><img src="kaptcha.jpg" /> </form>
4.在submit的action方法中進(jìn)行驗證碼校驗
//從session中取出servlet生成的驗證碼text值 String kaptchaExpected = (String)request.getSession().getAttribute(com.google.code.kaptcha.Constants.KAPTCHA_SESSION_KEY); //獲取用戶頁面輸入的驗證碼 String kaptchaReceived = request.getParameter("kaptcha"); //校驗驗證碼是否正確 if (kaptchaReceived == null || !kaptchaReceived.equalsIgnoreCase(kaptchaExpected)){ setError("kaptcha", "Invalid validation code."); }
注:確保JDK設(shè)置了 -Djava.awt.headless=true
5.實現(xiàn)頁面驗證碼刷新
<img src="kaptcha.jpg" width="200" id="kaptchaImage" title="看不清,點擊換一張" /> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { $('#kaptchaImage').click(function() {$(this).attr('src','kaptcha.jpg?' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 100));}); }); </script> <br /><small>看不清,點擊換一張</small>
注:為了避免瀏覽器的緩存,可以在驗證碼請求url后添加隨機(jī)數(shù)
二、Spring mvc項目中使用kaptcha
1.添加captchaProducer bean定義
<!-- 配置kaptcha驗證碼 --> <bean id="captchaProducer" class="com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.DefaultKaptcha"> <property name="config"> <bean class="com.google.code.kaptcha.util.Config"> <constructor-arg type="java.util.Properties"> <props> <prop key="kaptcha.image.width">100</prop> <prop key="kaptcha.image.height">50</prop> <prop key="kaptcha.noise.impl">com.google.code.kaptcha.impl.NoNoise</prop> <prop key="kaptcha.textproducer.char.string">0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz</prop> <prop key="kaptcha.textproducer.char.length">4</prop> </props> </constructor-arg> </bean> </property> </bean>
2.生成驗證碼的Controller
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import com.google.code.kaptcha.Constants; import com.google.code.kaptcha.Producer; /** * ClassName: CaptchaImageCreateController <br/> * Function: 生成驗證碼Controller. <br/> * date: 2013-12-10 上午11:37:42 <br/> * * @author chenzhou1025@126.com */ @Controller public class CaptchaImageCreateController { private Producer captchaProducer = null; @Autowired public void setCaptchaProducer(Producer captchaProducer){ this.captchaProducer = captchaProducer; } @RequestMapping("/kaptcha.jpg") public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception{ // Set to expire far in the past. response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0); // Set standard HTTP/1.1 no-cache headers. response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate"); // Set IE extended HTTP/1.1 no-cache headers (use addHeader). response.addHeader("Cache-Control", "post-check=0, pre-check=0"); // Set standard HTTP/1.0 no-cache header. response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache"); // return a jpeg response.setContentType("image/jpeg"); // create the text for the image String capText = captchaProducer.createText(); // store the text in the session request.getSession().setAttribute(Constants.KAPTCHA_SESSION_KEY, capText); // create the image with the text BufferedImage bi = captchaProducer.createImage(capText); ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream(); // write the data out ImageIO.write(bi, "jpg", out); try { out.flush(); } finally { out.close(); } return null; } }
3.校驗用戶輸入的Controller
/** * ClassName: LoginController <br/> * Function: 登錄Controller. <br/> * date: 2013-12-10 上午11:41:43 <br/> * * @author chenzhou1025@126.com */ @Controller @RequestMapping("/login") public class LoginController { /** * loginCheck:ajax異步校驗登錄請求. <br/> * * @author chenzhou1025@126.com * @param request * @param username 用戶名 * @param password 密碼 * @param kaptchaReceived 驗證碼 * @return 校驗結(jié)果 * @since 2013-12-10 */ @RequestMapping(value = "check", method = RequestMethod.POST) @ResponseBody public String loginCheck(HttpServletRequest request, @RequestParam(value = "username", required = true) String username, @RequestParam(value = "password", required = true) String password, @RequestParam(value = "kaptcha", required = true) String kaptchaReceived){ //用戶輸入的驗證碼的值 String kaptchaExpected = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute( com.google.code.kaptcha.Constants.KAPTCHA_SESSION_KEY); //校驗驗證碼是否正確 if (kaptchaReceived == null || !kaptchaReceived.equals(kaptchaExpected)) { return "kaptcha_error";//返回驗證碼錯誤 } //校驗用戶名密碼 // …… // …… return "success"; //校驗通過返回成功 } }
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