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Angular實現(xiàn)表單驗證功能

發(fā)布時間:2020-09-14 19:42:42 來源:腳本之家 閱讀:118 作者:fyk曩昔 欄目:web開發(fā)

Angular表單驗證分為兩種驗證:1.內(nèi)置驗證(required,minlength等);2.自定義驗證(正則表達(dá)式)。

接下來我們用一個注冊賬號的demo來看一下這兩種驗證是如何實現(xiàn)的。

項目界面

Angular實現(xiàn)表單驗證功能

一、內(nèi)置驗證

其中賬戶名有required驗證和最短長度驗證,其他兩個只有required驗證

1.項目目錄

----------app.component.ts

----------app.component.html

----------app.component.css

----------app.module.ts

2.項目代碼

app.module.ts

import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { FormsModule,ReactiveFormsModule }  from '@angular/forms';//表單驗證必須導(dǎo)入這兩個模塊

import { AppComponent } from './app.component';

@NgModule({
 declarations: [
  AppComponent
 ],
 imports: [
  BrowserModule,
  FormsModule,  //注冊模塊
  ReactiveFormsModule
 ],
 providers: [],
 bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { } 

app.component.ts

import { Component,OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { FormGroup, FormControl, Validators } from '@angular/forms';

@Component({
 selector: 'app-root',
 templateUrl: './app.component.html',
 styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
})
export class AppComponent {
 title = 'app';
 Form:FormGroup;
 data={
   name:"",
   email:"",
   tel:""
 }
 ngOnInit(): void {
   this.Form = new FormGroup({
      'name': new FormControl(this.data.name, [
       Validators.required,
       Validators.minLength(4)
      ]),
      'email': new FormControl(this.data.email, Validators.required),
      'tel': new FormControl(this.data.tel, Validators.required)
     });
  }

  get name() { return this.Form.get('name'); }
  get email() { return this.Form.get('email'); }
  get tel() { return this.Form.get('tel'); }
}

簡單來說,在使用驗證表單的時候,大致分為四步:

(1)導(dǎo)入相關(guān)模塊FormGroup, FormControl, Validators;

(2)聲明表單驗證變量From:FromGroup;

(3)定義驗證規(guī)則;

(4)通過它所屬的控件組(FormGroup)的get方法來訪問表單控件

app.component.html

<div class="wrapper">
  <div class="row">
    <p class="title-wrapper">注冊賬號</p>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="contain-wrapper" [formGroup]="Form">
      <label for="name">賬戶名:</label>
      <input type="text" id="name" formControlName="name"><br/>
      <div *ngIf="name.invalid && (name.dirty || name.touched)" class="alert alert-danger">
        <div *ngIf="name.errors.required">
          請輸入長度賬戶名!
        </div>
        <div *ngIf="name.errors.minlength">
          賬戶名長度不小于4!
        </div>
      </div>
      <label for="email">郵箱:</label>
      <input type="text" id="email" formControlName="email"><br/>
      <div *ngIf="email.invalid && (email.dirty || email.touched)" class="alert alert-danger">
        <div *ngIf="email.errors.required">
          請輸入郵箱!
        </div>
      </div>
      <label for="tel">電話:</label>
      <input type="text" id="tel" formControlName="tel">
      <div *ngIf="tel.invalid && (tel.dirty || tel.touched)" class="alert alert-danger">
        <div *ngIf="tel.errors.required">
          請輸入電話!
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <button class="btn btn-primary confirm">確認(rèn)</button>
  </div>
</div>

app.component.css

*{
  font-size: 18px;
}
.wrapper{
  margin: 0 auto;
  margin-top:10%;
  width:30%;
  height: 20%;
  border:1px solid black;
  border-radius: 10px;
}

.title-wrapper{
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding-top: 20px; 
  padding-bottom: 20px;
  width:370px;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 800;
}
label{
  display: inline-block;
  width:72px;
}
.contain-wrapper{
  width: 300px;
  margin:0 auto;
}
.confirm{
  margin-top:20px;
  width:100%;

}

3.項目效果

Angular實現(xiàn)表單驗證功能

二、自定義驗證

自定義表單驗證,需要創(chuàng)建自定義驗證器,我們接下來更改郵箱的驗證,將其改為有格式的驗證,而不是單純的存在驗證,首先我們來看一下項目目錄的更改

1.項目目錄

----------app.component.ts

----------app.component.html

----------app.component.css

----------app.module.ts

----------emailAuthentication.ts

2.項目代碼

app.module.ts

注冊自定義驗證器EmailValidatorDirective

import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { FormsModule,ReactiveFormsModule }  from '@angular/forms';
import { EmailValidatorDirective } from './emailAuthentication';

import { AppComponent } from './app.component';

@NgModule({
 declarations: [
  AppComponent,
  EmailValidatorDirective
 ],
 imports: [
  BrowserModule,
  FormsModule,
  ReactiveFormsModule
 ],
 providers: [],
 bootstrap: [AppComponent]
})
export class AppModule { }

emailAuthentication.ts

import { Directive, Input, OnChanges, SimpleChanges } from '@angular/core';
import { AbstractControl, NG_VALIDATORS, Validator, ValidatorFn, Validators } from '@angular/forms';

/** A hero's name can't match the given regular expression */
export function emailValidator(nameRe: RegExp): ValidatorFn {
  return (control: AbstractControl): { [key: string]: any } => {
    const forbidden = !nameRe.test(control.value);
    return forbidden ? { 'forbiddenName': { value: control.value } } : null;
  };
}

@Directive({
  selector: '[appForbiddenName]',
  providers: [{ provide: NG_VALIDATORS, useExisting: EmailValidatorDirective, multi: true }]
})
export class EmailValidatorDirective implements Validator {
  @Input() forbiddenName: string;

  validate(control: AbstractControl): { [key: string]: any } {
    return this.forbiddenName ? emailValidator(new RegExp(this.forbiddenName, 'i'))(control)
      : null;
  }
}

app.component.ts

import { Component,OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { FormGroup, FormControl, Validators } from '@angular/forms';
import { emailValidator } from './emailAuthentication'; //導(dǎo)入emailValidator自定義驗證器

@Component({
 selector: 'app-root',
 templateUrl: './app.component.html',
 styleUrls: ['./app.component.css']
})
export class AppComponent {
 title = 'app';
 //email的正則表達(dá)式
 emailExp = /^([a-zA-Z0-9_-])+@([a-zA-Z0-9_-])+(.[a-zA-Z0-9_-])+/ ;
 Form:FormGroup;
 data={
   name:"",
   email:"",
   tel:""
 }
 ngOnInit(): void {
   this.Form = new FormGroup({
      'name': new FormControl(this.data.name, [
       Validators.required,
       Validators.minLength(4)
      ]),
      'email': new FormControl(this.data.email, [
        Validators.required,
        emailValidator(this.emailExp) //自定義驗證器
        ]),
      'tel': new FormControl(this.data.tel, Validators.required)
     });
  }

  get name() { return this.Form.get('name'); }
  get email() { return this.Form.get('email'); }
  get tel() { return this.Form.get('tel'); }
}

app.component.html

<div class="wrapper">
  <div class="row">
    <p class="title-wrapper">注冊賬號</p>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="contain-wrapper" [formGroup]="Form">
      <label for="name">賬戶名:</label>
      <input type="text" id="name" formControlName="name"><br/>
      <div *ngIf="name.invalid && (name.dirty || name.touched)" class="alert alert-danger">
        <div *ngIf="name.errors.required">
          請輸入賬戶名!
        </div>
        <div *ngIf="name.errors.minlength">
          賬戶名長度不小于4!
        </div>
      </div>
      <label for="email">郵箱:</label>
      <input type="text" id="email" formControlName="email" required><br/>
      <div *ngIf="email.invalid && (email.dirty || email.touched)" class="alert alert-danger">
        <div *ngIf="email.errors.forbiddenName">
         請輸入正確格式的郵箱!
        </div>
      </div>
      <label for="tel">電話:</label>
      <input type="text" id="tel" formControlName="tel">
      <div *ngIf="tel.invalid && (tel.dirty || tel.touched)" class="alert alert-danger">
        <div *ngIf="tel.errors.required">
          請輸入電話!
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <button class="btn btn-primary confirm" [disabled]="Form.invalid" >確認(rèn)</button>
  </div>
</div>

在最后確認(rèn)的時候,我們設(shè)置一下按鈕的disabled屬性,在表單驗證不通過的時候,確認(rèn)按鈕是點擊不了的,顯示不可點擊狀態(tài)。[disabled]="Form.invalid"。

3.項目效果

Angular實現(xiàn)表單驗證功能

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