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Oracle重建控制文件的實例教程

發(fā)布時間:2020-09-08 16:34:27 來源:腳本之家 閱讀:171 作者:AlfredZhao 欄目:數(shù)據(jù)庫

前言

控制文件(control file)是一個相當(dāng)小的文件(最多能增長到64M左右),其中包含Oracle需要的其他文件的一個目錄。參數(shù)文件告知實例控制文件的位置,控制文件則告知示例數(shù)據(jù)庫和在線重做日志文件的位置??刂莆募€告知了Oracle其他一些事情,如已發(fā)生檢查點的有關(guān)信息、數(shù)據(jù)庫名(必須和db_name參數(shù)匹配)、創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫的時間戳、歸檔重做日志的歷史(有時這會讓控制文件變大)、RMAN信息等。

環(huán)境:OEL 5.7 + Oracle 10.2.0.5

背景:在Oracle的運維過程中,時常會遇到一些場景是需要重建控制文件才可以解決的。本文的場景可以通過復(fù)制控制文件到新路徑,運行一段時間后,再用老的控制文件啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫重現(xiàn)。

1.當(dāng)前故障現(xiàn)象

在使用舊的控制文件啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫時,報錯ORA-01122、ORA-01110、ORA-01207:

SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 599785472 bytes
Fixed Size   2098112 bytes
Variable Size  218106944 bytes
Database Buffers  373293056 bytes
Redo Buffers  6287360 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01122: database file 1 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/oradata/cxywdb/system01.dbf'
ORA-01207: file is more recent than control file - old control file

2.分析故障原因

根據(jù)報錯信息查找MOS文檔:

ORA-1122, ORA-1110, ORA-1207 while open the database after crash (文檔 ID 283927.1)

延伸思考一下,為什么會這樣?

主要錯誤是ORA-01207,利用oerr工具看到Oralce對這個錯誤的詳細(xì)描述是:

01207, 00000, "file is more recent than control file - old control file"
// *Cause:  The control file change sequence number in the data file is
//         greater than the number in the control file. This implies that
//         the wrong control file is being used. Note that repeatedly causing
//         this error can make it stop happening without correcting the real
//         problem. Every attempt to open the database will advance the
//         control file change sequence number until it is great enough.
// *Action: Use the current control file or do backup control file recovery to
//         make the control file current. Be sure to follow all restrictions
//         on doing a backup control file recovery.

一般遇到這種情況,當(dāng)前的控制文件肯定是找不到了。那么就得考慮重建控制文件來解決,MOS給出的建議也是重建控制文件。

3.重建控制文件

重建控制文件的核心步驟:

3.1 備份控制文件到trace

startup mount
alter database backup controlfile to trace;
oradebug setmypid
oradebug tracefile_name

3.2 啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫到nomount狀態(tài)

shutdown abort
startup nomount;

3.3 確認(rèn)重建控制文件的語句

vi control.sql
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "CXYWDB" NORESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG
 MAXLOGFILES 16
 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
 MAXDATAFILES 100
 MAXINSTANCES 8
 MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
 GROUP 5 '/oradata2/cxywdb/redo11.log' SIZE 50M,
 GROUP 6 '/oradata2/cxywdb/redo12.log' SIZE 50M,
 GROUP 7 '/oradata2/cxywdb/redo13.log' SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
 '/oradata/cxywdb/system01.dbf',
 '/oradata/cxywdb/undotbs01.dbf',
 '/oradata/cxywdb/sysaux01.dbf',
 '/oradata/cxywdb/users01.dbf',
 '/oradata/cxywdb/alfred01.dbf',
 '/oradata/cxywdb/alfred02.dbf',
 '/oradata/cxywdb/alfred03.dbf',
 '/oradata/cxywdb/alfred04.dbf',
 '/oradata/cxywdb/alfred05.dbf',
 '/oradata/cxywdb/dbs_i_alfred01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;

3.4 恢復(fù)并打開數(shù)據(jù)庫

SQL> recover database;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.

附:實際解決過程如下:

SQL> shutdown abort  
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 599785472 bytes
Fixed Size     2098112 bytes
Variable Size    218106944 bytes
Database Buffers   373293056 bytes
Redo Buffers    6287360 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;

Database altered.

SQL> oradebug setmypid
Statement processed.
SQL> oradebug tracefile_name
/s01/oracle/admin/cxywdb/udump/cxywdb_ora_3983.trc
SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 599785472 bytes
Fixed Size     2098112 bytes
Variable Size    218106944 bytes
Database Buffers   373293056 bytes
Redo Buffers    6287360 bytes
SQL> @control

Control file created.
SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
MOUNTED

SQL> recover database;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

總結(jié)

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