Vue CLI 2.x搭建vue(目錄最全分析)

cnpm install -g vue-cli

cnpm update vue-cli

vue -V

cnpm view vue-cli

vue init webpack <Project Name>

'use strict'
require('./check-versions')() //調(diào)用版本檢查

process.env.NODE_ENV = 'production' //將環(huán)境配置為生產(chǎn)環(huán)境
const ora = require('ora') //npm包 loading插件
const rm = require('rimraf') //npm包 用于刪除文件
const path = require('path')//npm包 文件路徑工具
const chalk = require('chalk')//npm包 在終端輸出帶顏色的文字
const webpack = require('webpack')//引入webpack.js
const config = require('../config')//引入配置文件
const webpackConfig = require('./webpack.prod.conf')//引入生產(chǎn)環(huán)境配置文件
// 在終端顯示loading效果，并輸出提示
const spinner = ora('building for production...')
spinner.start()
//先遞歸刪除dist文件再生成新文件，避免冗余
rm(path.join(config.build.assetsRoot, config.build.assetsSubDirectory), err => {
 if (err) throw err
 webpack(webpackConfig, (err, stats) => {
  spinner.stop()
  if (err) throw err
  process.stdout.write(stats.toString({
   colors: true,
   modules: false,
   children: false, 
   chunks: false,
   chunkModules: false
  }) + '\n\n')

  if (stats.hasErrors()) {
   console.log(chalk.red(' Build failed with errors.\n'))
   process.exit(1)
  }

  console.log(chalk.cyan(' Build complete.\n'))
  console.log(chalk.yellow(
   ' Tip: built files are meant to be served over an HTTP server.\n' +
   ' Opening index.html over file:// won\'t work.\n'
  ))
 })
})

'use strict'
const chalk = require('chalk')
const semver = require('semver')//檢查版本
const packageConfig = require('../package.json')
const shell = require('shelljs')//shelljs 模塊重新包裝了 child_process，調(diào)用系統(tǒng)命令更加方便

function exec (cmd) {//返回通過child_process模塊的新建子進(jìn)程，執(zhí)行 Unix 系統(tǒng)命令后轉(zhuǎn)成沒有空格的字符串
 return require('child_process').execSync(cmd).toString().trim()
}

const versionRequirements = [
 {
  name: 'node',
  currentVersion: semver.clean(process.version),//使用semver格式化版本
  versionRequirement: packageConfig.engines.node //獲取package.json中設(shè)置的node版本
 }
]

if (shell.which('npm')) {
 versionRequirements.push({
  name: 'npm',
  currentVersion: exec('npm --version'),// 自動調(diào)用npm --version命令，并且把參數(shù)返回給exec函數(shù)，從而獲取純凈的版本號
  versionRequirement: packageConfig.engines.npm
 })
}

module.exports = function () {
 const warnings = []
 for (let i = 0; i < versionRequirements.length; i++) {
  const mod = versionRequirements[i]
  //若版本號不符合package.json文件中指定的版本號，就報錯
  if (!semver.satisfies(mod.currentVersion, mod.versionRequirement)) {
   warnings.push(mod.name + ': ' +
    chalk.red(mod.currentVersion) + ' should be ' +
    chalk.green(mod.versionRequirement)
   )
  }
 }

 if (warnings.length) {
  console.log('')
  console.log(chalk.yellow('To use this template, you must update following to modules:'))
  console.log()
  for (let i = 0; i < warnings.length; i++) {
   const warning = warnings[i]
   console.log(' ' + warning)
  }
  console.log()
  process.exit(1)
 }
}

var path = require('path')// node自帶的文件路徑工具
var config = require('../config')// 配置文件
var ExtractTextPlugin = require('extract-text-webpack-plugin')// 提取css的插件

/** @method assertsPath 生成靜態(tài)資源的路徑(判斷開發(fā)環(huán)境和生產(chǎn)環(huán)境,為config文件中index.js文件中定義assetsSubDirectory)
 * @param {String}  _path 相對于靜態(tài)資源文件夾的文件路徑
 * @return {String}     靜態(tài)資源完整路徑
 */
exports.assetsPath = function (_path) {
 var assetsSubDirectory = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
  ? config.build.assetsSubDirectory
  : config.dev.assetsSubDirectory
 //nodeJs path提供用于處理文件路徑的工具;path.posix提供對路徑方法的POSIX(可移植性操作系統(tǒng)接口)特定實現(xiàn)的訪問(可跨平臺); path.posix.join與path.join一樣，不過總是以 posix 兼容的方式交互
 return path.posix.join(assetsSubDirectory, _path)
}

/**@method cssLoaders 生成處理css的loaders配置,使用css-loader和postcssLoader,通過options.usePostCSS屬性來判斷是否使用postcssLoader中壓縮等方法
 * @param {Object} option = {sourceMap: true,// 是否開啟 sourceMapextract: true // 是否提取css}生成配置
 * @return {Object} 處理css的loaders配置對象
 */
exports.cssLoaders = function (options) {
 options = options || {}

 var cssLoader = {
  loader: 'css-loader',
  options: {
   minimize: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production',
   sourceMap: options.sourceMap
  }
 }
 /**@method generateLoaders 生成 ExtractTextPlugin對象或loader字符串
  * @param {Array}    loaders loader名稱數(shù)組
  * @return {String|Object}    ExtractTextPlugin對象或loader字符串
  */
 function generateLoaders (loader, loaderOptions) {
  var loaders = [cssLoader]
  if (loader) {
   loaders.push({  
    loader: loader + '-loader',
    options: Object.assign({}, loaderOptions, {
     sourceMap: options.sourceMap
    })
   })
  }
  // ExtractTextPlugin提取css(當(dāng)上面的loaders未能正確引入時,使用vue-style-loader)
  if (options.extract) {// 生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中，默認(rèn)為true
   return ExtractTextPlugin.extract({
    use: loaders,
    fallback: 'vue-style-loader'
   })
  } else {//返回vue-style-loader連接loaders的最終值
   return ['vue-style-loader'].concat(loaders)
  }
 }

 return {
  css: generateLoaders(),//需要css-loader 和 vue-style-loader
  postcss: generateLoaders(),//需要css-loader、postcssLoader 和 vue-style-loader
  less: generateLoaders('less'),//需要less-loader 和 vue-style-loader
  sass: generateLoaders('sass', { indentedSyntax: true }),//需要sass-loader 和 vue-style-loader
  scss: generateLoaders('sass'),//需要sass-loader 和 vue-style-loader
  stylus: generateLoaders('stylus'),//需要stylus-loader 和 vue-style-loader
  styl: generateLoaders('stylus')//需要stylus-loader 和 vue-style-loader
 }
}
 
/**@method styleLoaders 生成 style-loader的配置
 * @param {Object}   options 生成配置
 * @return {Array}   style-loader的配置
 */
exports.styleLoaders = function (options) {
 var output = []
 var loaders = exports.cssLoaders(options)
 //將各種css,less,sass等綜合在一起得出結(jié)果輸出output
 for (var extension in loaders) {
  var loader = loaders[extension]
  output.push({
   test: new RegExp('\\.' + extension + '$'),
   use: loader
  })
 }
 return output
}

'use strict'
const utils = require('./utils')
const config = require('../config')
const isProduction = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
//生產(chǎn)環(huán)境,提取css樣式到單獨(dú)文件
const sourceMapEnabled = isProduction
 ? config.build.productionSourceMap
 : config.dev.cssSourceMap
module.exports = {
 loaders: utils.cssLoaders({
  sourceMap: sourceMapEnabled,
  extract: isProduction
 }),
 cssSourceMap: sourceMapEnabled,
 cacheBusting: config.dev.cacheBusting,
 //編譯時將“引入路徑”轉(zhuǎn)換為require調(diào)用,使其可由webpack處理
 transformToRequire: {
  video: ['src', 'poster'],
  source: 'src',
  img: 'src',
  image: 'xlink:href'
 }
}

'use strict'
const path = require('path')// node自帶的文件路徑工具
const utils = require('./utils')// 工具函數(shù)集合
const config = require('../config')// 配置文件
const vueLoaderConfig = require('./vue-loader.conf')// 工具函數(shù)集合
/**
 * 獲取"絕對路徑"
 * @method resolve
 * @param {String} dir 相對于本文件的路徑
 * @return {String}   絕對路徑
 */
function resolve(dir) {
 return path.join(__dirname, '..', dir)
}

module.exports = {
 context: path.resolve(__dirname, '../'),
 //入口js文件(默認(rèn)為單頁面所以只有app一個入口)
 entry: {
  app: './src/main.js'
 },
 //配置出口
 output: {
  path: config.build.assetsRoot,//打包編譯的根路徑(dist)
  filename: '[name].js',
  publicPath: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
   ? config.build.assetsPublicPath
   : config.dev.assetsPublicPath//發(fā)布路徑
 },
 resolve: {
  extensions: ['.js', '.vue', '.json'],// 自動補(bǔ)全的擴(kuò)展名
  //別名配置
  alias: {
   'vue$': 'vue/dist/vue.esm.js',
   '@': resolve('src'),// eg:"src/components" => "@/components"
  }
 },
 module: {
  rules: [
   //使用vue-loader將vue文件編譯轉(zhuǎn)換為js
   {
    test: /\.vue$/,
    loader: 'vue-loader',
    options: vueLoaderConfig
   },
   //通過babel-loader將ES6編譯壓縮成ES5
   {
    test: /\.js$/,
    loader: 'babel-loader',
    include: [resolve('src'), resolve('test'), resolve('node_modules/webpack-dev-server/client')]
   },
   //使用url-loader處理(圖片、音像、字體)，超過10000編譯成base64
   {
    test: /\.(png|jpe?g|gif|svg)(\?.*)?$/,
    loader: 'url-loader',
    options: {
     limit: 10000,
     name: utils.assetsPath('img/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
    }
   },
   {
    test: /\.(mp4|webm|ogg|mp3|wav|flac|aac)(\?.*)?$/,
    loader: 'url-loader',
    options: {
     limit: 10000,
     name: utils.assetsPath('media/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
    }
   },
   {
    test: /\.(woff2?|eot|ttf|otf)(\?.*)?$/,
    loader: 'url-loader',
    options: {
     limit: 10000,
     name: utils.assetsPath('fonts/[name].[hash:7].[ext]')
    }
   }
  ]
 },
 //nodeJs全局變量/模塊，防止webpack注入一些nodeJs的東西到vue中
 node: {
  setImmediate: false,
  dgram: 'empty',
  fs: 'empty',
  net: 'empty',
  tls: 'empty',
  child_process: 'empty'
 }
}

'use strict'
const utils = require('./utils')
const webpack = require('webpack')
const config = require('../config')
const merge = require('webpack-merge')//webpack-merge實現(xiàn)合并
const path = require('path')
const baseWebpackConfig = require('./webpack.base.conf')
const CopyWebpackPlugin = require('copy-webpack-plugin')
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin')
const FriendlyErrorsPlugin = require('friendly-errors-webpack-plugin')//webpack的提示錯誤和日志信息的插件
const portfinder = require('portfinder')// 查看空閑端口位置，默認(rèn)情況下搜索8000這個端口

const HOST = process.env.HOST
const PORT = process.env.PORT && Number(process.env.PORT)

const devWebpackConfig = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
 module: {
  rules: utils.styleLoaders({ sourceMap: config.dev.cssSourceMap, usePostCSS: true })
 },
 devtool: config.dev.devtool,//調(diào)試模式
 devServer: {
  clientLogLevel: 'warning',
  historyApiFallback: {//使用 HTML5 History API 時， 404 響應(yīng)替代為 index.html
   rewrites: [
    { from: /.*/, to: path.posix.join(config.dev.assetsPublicPath, 'index.html') },
   ],
  },
  hot: true,//熱重載
  contentBase: false, // 提供靜態(tài)文件訪問
  compress: true,//壓縮
  host: HOST || config.dev.host,
  port: PORT || config.dev.port,
  open: config.dev.autoOpenBrowser,//npm run dev 時自動打開瀏覽器
  overlay: config.dev.errorOverlay
   ? { warnings: false, errors: true }
   : false,// 顯示warning 和 error 信息
  publicPath: config.dev.assetsPublicPath,
  proxy: config.dev.proxyTable,//api代理
  quiet: true, //控制臺打印警告和錯誤(用FriendlyErrorsPlugin 為 true)
  watchOptions: {// 檢測文件改動
   poll: config.dev.poll,
  }
 },
 plugins: [
  new webpack.DefinePlugin({
   'process.env': require('../config/dev.env')
  }),
  new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin(),//模塊熱替換插件，修改模塊時不需要刷新頁面
  new webpack.NamedModulesPlugin(), // HMR shows correct file names in console on update.
  new webpack.NoEmitOnErrorsPlugin(),//webpack編譯錯誤的時候，中斷打包進(jìn)程，防止錯誤代碼打包到文件中
  // 將打包編譯好的代碼插入index.html
  new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
   filename: 'index.html',
   template: 'index.html',
   inject: true
  }),
  // 提取static assets 中css 復(fù)制到dist/static文件
  new CopyWebpackPlugin([
   {
    from: path.resolve(__dirname, '../static'),
    to: config.dev.assetsSubDirectory,
    ignore: ['.*']//忽略.*的文件
   }
  ])
 ]
})

module.exports = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
 portfinder.basePort = process.env.PORT || config.dev.port
 portfinder.getPort((err, port) => { //查找端口號
  if (err) {
   reject(err)
  } else {
   //端口被占用時就重新設(shè)置evn和devServer的端口
   process.env.PORT = port
   devWebpackConfig.devServer.port = port
   // npm run dev成功的友情提示
   devWebpackConfig.plugins.push(new FriendlyErrorsPlugin({
    compilationSuccessInfo: {
     messages: [`Your application is running here: http://${devWebpackConfig.devServer.host}:${port}`],
    },
    onErrors: config.dev.notifyOnErrors
    ? utils.createNotifierCallback()
    : undefined
   }))
   resolve(devWebpackConfig)
  }
 })
})

'use strict'
const path = require('path')
const utils = require('./utils')
const webpack = require('webpack')
const config = require('../config')
const merge = require('webpack-merge')
const baseWebpackConfig = require('./webpack.base.conf')
const CopyWebpackPlugin = require('copy-webpack-plugin')
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin')
const ExtractTextPlugin = require('extract-text-webpack-plugin')
const OptimizeCSSPlugin = require('optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin')
const UglifyJsPlugin = require('uglifyjs-webpack-plugin')

const env = require('../config/prod.env')

const webpackConfig = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {
 module: {
  rules: utils.styleLoaders({
   sourceMap: config.build.productionSourceMap,
   extract: true,
   usePostCSS: true
  })
 },
 devtool: config.build.productionSourceMap ? config.build.devtool : false,//是否開啟調(diào)試模式
 output: {
  path: config.build.assetsRoot,
  filename: utils.assetsPath('js/[name].[chunkhash].js'),
  chunkFilename: utils.assetsPath('js/[id].[chunkhash].js')
 },
 plugins: [
  new webpack.DefinePlugin({
   'process.env': env
  }),
  new UglifyJsPlugin({//壓縮js
   uglifyOptions: {
    compress: {
     warnings: false
    }
   },
   sourceMap: config.build.productionSourceMap,
   parallel: true
  }),
  new ExtractTextPlugin({//提取靜態(tài)文件，減少請求
   filename: utils.assetsPath('css/[name].[contenthash].css'),
   allChunks: true,
  }),
  new OptimizeCSSPlugin({//提取優(yōu)化壓縮后(刪除來自不同組件的冗余代碼)的css
   cssProcessorOptions: config.build.productionSourceMap
    ? { safe: true, map: { inline: false } }
    : { safe: true }
  }),
  new HtmlWebpackPlugin({ //html打包壓縮到index.html
   filename: config.build.index,
   template: 'index.html',
   inject: true,
   minify: {
    removeComments: true,//刪除注釋
    collapseWhitespace: true,//刪除空格
    removeAttributeQuotes: true//刪除屬性的引號
   },
   chunksSortMode: 'dependency'//模塊排序，按照我們需要的順序排序
  }),

  new webpack.HashedModuleIdsPlugin(),
  new webpack.optimize.ModuleConcatenationPlugin(),
  new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({  // node_modules中的任何所需模塊都提取到vendor
   name: 'vendor',
   minChunks (module) {
    return (
     module.resource &&
     /\.js$/.test(module.resource) &&
     module.resource.indexOf(
      path.join(__dirname, '../node_modules')
     ) === 0
    )
   }
  }),
  new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({
   name: 'manifest',
   minChunks: Infinity
  }),
  new webpack.optimize.CommonsChunkPlugin({
   name: 'app',
   async: 'vendor-async',
   children: true,
   minChunks: 3
  }),
  new CopyWebpackPlugin([//復(fù)制static中的靜態(tài)資源（默認(rèn)到dist里面）
   {
    from: path.resolve(__dirname, '../static'),
    to: config.build.assetsSubDirectory,
    ignore: ['.*']
   }
  ])
 ]
})

if (config.build.productionGzip) {
 const CompressionWebpackPlugin = require('compression-webpack-plugin')

 webpackConfig.plugins.push(
  new CompressionWebpackPlugin({
   asset: '[path].gz[query]',
   algorithm: 'gzip',
   test: new RegExp(
    '\\.(' +
    config.build.productionGzipExtensions.join('|') +
    ')$'
   ),
   threshold: 10240,
   minRatio: 0.8
  })
 )
}

if (config.build.bundleAnalyzerReport) {
 const BundleAnalyzerPlugin = require('webpack-bundle-analyzer').BundleAnalyzerPlugin
 webpackConfig.plugins.push(new BundleAnalyzerPlugin())
}

module.exports = webpackConfig

'use strict'
const merge = require('webpack-merge')
const prodEnv = require('./prod.env')

module.exports = merge(prodEnv, {
 NODE_ENV: '"development"'
})

'use strict'
module.exports = {
 NODE_ENV: '"production"'
}

process.env.屬性名

'use strict';
const path = require('path');

module.exports = {

 // ===================開發(fā)環(huán)境配置

 dev: {
  assetsSubDirectory: 'static',//靜態(tài)資源文件夾(一般存放css、js、image等文件)
  assetsPublicPath: '/',//根目錄
  proxyTable: {},//配置API代理，可利用該屬性解決跨域的問題
  host: 'localhost', // 可以被 process.env.HOST 覆蓋
  port: 3030, // 可以被 process.env.PORT 覆蓋
  autoOpenBrowser: true,//編譯后自動打開瀏覽器頁面 http://localhost:3030/("port + host",默認(rèn)"false"),設(shè)置路由重定向自動打開您的默認(rèn)頁面
  errorOverlay: true,//瀏覽器錯誤提示
  notifyOnErrors: true,//跨平臺錯誤提示
  poll: false, //webpack提供的使用文件系統(tǒng)(file system)獲取文件改動的通知devServer.watchOptions(監(jiān)控文件改動)
  devtool: 'cheap-module-eval-source-map',//webpack提供的用來調(diào)試的模式，有多個不同值代表不同的調(diào)試模式
  cacheBusting: true,// 配合devtool的配置，當(dāng)給文件名插入新的hash導(dǎo)致清除緩存時是否生成source-map
  cssSourceMap: true //記錄代碼壓縮前的位置信息,當(dāng)產(chǎn)生錯誤時直接定位到未壓縮前的位置,方便調(diào)試
 },

// ========================生產(chǎn)環(huán)境配置

 build: {
  index: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist/index.html'),//編譯后"首頁面"生成的絕對路徑和名字
  assetsRoot: path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist'),//打包編譯的根路徑(默認(rèn)dist，存放打包壓縮后的代碼)
  assetsSubDirectory: 'static',//靜態(tài)資源文件夾(一般存放css、js、image等文件)
  assetsPublicPath: '/',//發(fā)布的根目錄(dist文件夾所在路徑)
  productionSourceMap: true,//是否開啟source-map
  devtool: '#source-map',//(詳細(xì)參見：https://webpack.docschina.org/configuration/devtool)
  productionGzip: false,//是否壓縮
  productionGzipExtensions: ['js', 'css'],//unit的gzip命令用來壓縮文件（gzip模式下需要壓縮的文件的擴(kuò)展名有js和css）
  bundleAnalyzerReport: process.env.npm_config_report //是否開啟打包后的分析報告
 }
};