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pxc1:192.168.7.71
pxc2:192.168.7.72
pxc3:192.168.7.73
[root@pxc1 ~]#cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)
[root@pxc1 ~]#yum -y install ansible
[pxcservers]
192.168.7.71
192.168.7.72
192.168.7.73
module_name = shell #115行,將默認的模塊command該為shell
host_key_checking = False #71行,去掉前面的注釋
# 1.使用清華大學的yum源,官方源太慢了
[root@pxc1 ~]#vim /etc/yum.repos.d/pxc.repo
[percona]
name=percona_repo
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/percona/release/$releasever/RPMS/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
# 2.同時將配置文件傳給pxc2和pxc3
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible 'pxcservers:!192.168.7.71' -m copy -a 'src=/etc/yum.repos.d/pxc.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d'
192.168.7.73 | CHANGED => {
# 3.查看三臺主機的pxc.repo文件是否一致
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible 'pxcservers' -a 'cat /etc/yum.repos.d/pxc.repo'
192.168.7.73 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[percona]
name=percona_repo
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/percona/release/$releasever/RPMS/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
192.168.7.72 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[percona]
name=percona_repo
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/percona/release/$releasever/RPMS/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
192.168.7.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[percona]
name=percona_repo
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/percona/release/$releasever/RPMS/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
# 4.執(zhí)行以下命令,在三臺主機都安裝PXC 5.7
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible 'pxcservers' -a 'yum install Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-57 -y'
# /etc/my.cnf為主配置文件,當前版本中,其余的配置文件都放在/etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d目錄里,包括mysqld.cnf,mysqld_safe.cnf,wsrep.cnf 三個文件
[root@pxc1 ~]#tree /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/
/etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/
├── mysqld.cnf
├── mysqld_safe.cnf
└── wsrep.cnf
0 directories, 3 files
[root@pxc1 ~]#egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf
[mysqld]
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera3/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.7.71,192.168.7.72,192.168.7.73 #集群中每個幾點的IP
binlog_format=ROW
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
wsrep_slave_threads= 8
wsrep_log_conflicts
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
wsrep_node_address=192.168.7.71 #取消行首注釋,指定本節(jié)點的IP
wsrep_cluster_name=pxc-cluster
wsrep_node_name=pxc-cluster-node-1 #本節(jié)點在集群中的名稱
pxc_strict_mode=ENFORCING
wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:123.com" #取消行首注釋,并且修改密碼
# 1.copy
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible 'pxcservers:!192.168.7.71' -m copy -a 'src=/etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf dest=/etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d'
# 2.修改pxc2主機的配置文件
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible '192.168.7.72' -a 'sed -i -e s/wsrep_node_address=192.168.7.71/wsrep_node_address=192.168.7.72/ -e s/wsrep_node_name=pxc-cluster-node-1/wsrep_node_name=pxc-cluster-node-2/ /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf'
# 3.修改pxc3主機的配置文件
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible '192.168.7.73' -a 'sed -i -e s/wsrep_node_address=192.168.7.71/wsrep_node_address=192.168.7.73/ -e s/wsrep_node_name=pxc-cluster-node-1/wsrep_node_name=pxc-cluster-node-3/ /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf'
# 4.查看三個幾點的配置文件信息
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible 'pxcservers' -a 'egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf'
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible 'pxcservers' -a 'egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf'
192.168.7.72 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[mysqld]
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera3/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.7.71,192.168.7.72,192.168.7.73
binlog_format=ROW
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
wsrep_slave_threads= 8
wsrep_log_conflicts
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
wsrep_node_address=192.168.7.72
wsrep_cluster_name=pxc-cluster
wsrep_node_name=pxc-cluster-node-2
pxc_strict_mode=ENFORCING
wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:123.com"
192.168.7.73 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[mysqld]
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera3/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.7.71,192.168.7.72,192.168.7.73
binlog_format=ROW
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
wsrep_slave_threads= 8
wsrep_log_conflicts
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
wsrep_node_address=192.168.7.73
wsrep_cluster_name=pxc-cluster
wsrep_node_name=pxc-cluster-node-3
pxc_strict_mode=ENFORCING
wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:123.com"
192.168.7.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[mysqld]
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera3/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.7.71,192.168.7.72,192.168.7.73
binlog_format=ROW
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
wsrep_slave_threads= 8
wsrep_log_conflicts
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
wsrep_node_address=192.168.7.71
wsrep_cluster_name=pxc-cluster
wsrep_node_name=pxc-cluster-node-1
pxc_strict_mode=ENFORCING
wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:123.com"
[root@pxc1 ~]#systemctl start mysql@bootstrap.service
[root@pxc1 ~]#systemctl enable mysql@bootstrap.service
# PXC最常使用的端口號如下,其中3306、4567啟動的時候就會監(jiān)聽
4567:組成員之間進行溝通的端口號
3306:數(shù)據(jù)庫對外服務的端口號
4444:請求SST的端口號
4568:用于傳輸IST的端口號
[root@pxc1 ~]#mysql -p`awk /root@localhost/'{print $NF}' /var/log/mysqld.log`
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 22
Server version: 5.7.27-30-57-log
Copyright (c) 2009-2019 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123.com';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> create user 'sstuser'@'localhost' identified by '123.com';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant reload,lock tables,process,replication client on *.* to 'sstuser'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show status like 'wsrep_cluster_size';
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| wsrep_cluster_size | 1 |
+--------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
# 表示該Galera集群中只有一個節(jié)點
mysql> show status like 'wsrep_cluster_status';
+----------------------+---------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+---------+
| wsrep_cluster_status | Primary |
+----------------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# 表示該節(jié)點在集群中的狀態(tài)為Primary,且已經(jīng)完全連接并準備好
mysql> show status like 'wsrep_local_state%';
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| wsrep_local_state_uuid | b0fdc391-156e-11ea-89de-331ca2945d2c |
| wsrep_local_state | 4 |
| wsrep_local_state_comment | Synced |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#狀態(tài)為Synced(4),表示數(shù)據(jù)已同步完成(因為是第一個引導節(jié)點,無數(shù)據(jù)需要同步)。 如果狀態(tài)是Joiner, 意味著 SST 沒有完成. 只有所有節(jié)點狀態(tài)是Synced,才可以加新節(jié)點
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible 'pxcservers:!192.168.7.71' -a 'systemctl enable --now mysql'
[root@pxc2 ~]#mysql -p123.com
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 5.7.27-30-57-log Percona XtraDB Cluster (GPL), Release rel30, Revision 64987d4, WSREP version 31.39, wsrep_31.39
Copyright (c) 2009-2019 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show variables like 'wsrep_node_name';
+-----------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+--------------------+
| wsrep_node_name | pxc-cluster-node-2 |
+-----------------+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'wsrep_node_address';
+--------------------+--------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+--------------+
| wsrep_node_address | 192.168.7.72 |
+--------------------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'wsrep_on';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| wsrep_on | ON |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show status like 'wsrep_cluster_size';
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3 |
+--------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# 查看當前的數(shù)據(jù)庫
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 創(chuàng)建db1數(shù)據(jù)庫
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible '192.168.7.73' -a 'mysql -p123.com -e "create database db1;\n"'
192.168.7.73 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
PAGER set to stdoutmysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
# 查看集群中的其它節(jié)點是否同步新建的db1數(shù)據(jù)庫
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible 'pxcservers' -a 'mysql -p123.com -e "show databases\n"'
192.168.7.73 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
PAGER set to stdout
Database
information_schema
db1
mysql
performance_schema
sysmysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
192.168.7.72 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
PAGER set to stdout
Database
information_schema
db1
mysql
performance_schema
sysmysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
192.168.7.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
PAGER set to stdout
Database
information_schema
db1
mysql
performance_schema
sysmysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible 'pxcservers' -a 'mysql -p123.com -e "create database db2\n"'
192.168.7.73 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
PAGER set to stdoutmysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1007 (HY000) at line 1: Can't create database 'db2'; database existsnon-zero return code
192.168.7.72 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
PAGER set to stdoutmysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
192.168.7.71 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
PAGER set to stdoutmysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1007 (HY000) at line 1: Can't create database 'db2'; database existsnon-zero return code
一個節(jié)點加入到Galera集群有兩種情況:新節(jié)點加入集群、暫時離組的成員再次加入集群
1)節(jié)點加入Galera集群
新節(jié)點加入集群時,需要從當前集群中選擇一個Donor節(jié)點來同步數(shù)據(jù),也就是所謂的
state_snapshot_tranfer(SST)過程。SST同步數(shù)據(jù)的方式由選項wsrep_sst_method決定,一般選擇的是xtrabackup。必須注意,新節(jié)點加入Galera時,會刪除新節(jié)點上所有已有數(shù)據(jù),再通過xtrabackup(假設使用的是該方式)從Donor處完整備份所有數(shù)據(jù)進行恢復。所以,如果數(shù)據(jù)量很大,新節(jié)點加入過程會很慢。而且,在一個新節(jié)點成為Synced狀態(tài)之前,不要同時加入其它新節(jié)點,否則很容易將集群壓垮。
如果是這種情況,可以考慮使用wsrep_sst_method=rsync來做增量同步,既然是增量同步,最好保證新節(jié)點上已經(jīng)有一部分數(shù)據(jù)基礎,否則和全量同步?jīng)]什么區(qū)別,且這樣會對Donor節(jié)點加上全局read only鎖。
2)舊節(jié)點加入Galera集群
如果舊節(jié)點加入Galera集群,說明這個節(jié)點在之前已經(jīng)在Galera集群中呆過,有一部分數(shù)據(jù)基礎,缺少的只是它離開集群時的數(shù)據(jù)。這時加入集群時,會采用IST(incremental snapshot transfer)傳輸機制,即使用增量傳輸。
但注意,這部分增量傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)源是Donor上緩存在GCache文件中的,這個文件有大小限制,如果缺失的數(shù)據(jù)范圍超過已緩存的內容,則自動轉為SST傳輸。如果舊節(jié)點上的數(shù)據(jù)和Donor上的數(shù)據(jù)不匹配(例如這個節(jié)點離組后人為修改了一點數(shù)據(jù)),則自動轉為SST傳輸。
# 先在ansible主控機的hosts文件中添加192.168.7.74,然后執(zhí)行以下操作
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible '192.168.7.74' -m copy -a 'src=/etc/yum.repos.d/pxc.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d'
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible '192.168.7.74' -a 'yum -y install Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-57'
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible '192.168.7.74' -m copy -a 'src=/etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf dest=/etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d'
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible '192.168.7.74' -a 'sed -i -e s/wsrep_node_address=192.168.7.71/wsrep_node_address=192.168.7.74/ -e s/wsrep_node_name=pxc-cluster-node-1/wsrep_node_name=pxc-cluster-node-4/ /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf'
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible 192.168.7.74 -a "sed -i 's/^wsrep_cluster_address.*/&,192.168.7.74/' /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf"
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible 192.168.7.74 -a 'egrep -v "^#|^$" /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf'
192.168.7.74 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[mysqld]
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera3/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.7.71,192.168.7.72,192.168.7.73,192.168.7.74
binlog_format=ROW
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
wsrep_slave_threads= 8
wsrep_log_conflicts
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
wsrep_node_address=192.168.7.74
wsrep_cluster_name=pxc-cluster
wsrep_node_name=pxc-cluster-node-4
pxc_strict_mode=ENFORCING
wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:123.com"
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible 192.168.7.74 -a 'systemctl enable --now mysql'
[root@pxc4 ~]#mysql -p123.com
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 5.7.27-30-57-log Percona XtraDB Cluster (GPL), Release rel30, Revision 64987d4, WSREP version 31.39, wsrep_31.39
Copyright (c) 2009-2019 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show status like 'wsrep_cluster_size';
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| wsrep_cluster_size | 4 |
+--------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db1 |
| db2 |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible 'pxcservers:!192.168.7.74' -a "sed -i 's/^wsrep_cluster_address.*/&,192.168.7.74/' /etc/percona-xtradb-cluster.conf.d/wsrep.cnf"
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible 192.168.7.72 -a 'systemctl stop mysql'
[root@pxc3 ~]#mysql -p123.com
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 13
Server version: 5.7.27-30-57-log Percona XtraDB Cluster (GPL), Release rel30, Revision 64987d4, WSREP version 31.39, wsrep_31.39
Copyright (c) 2009-2019 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show status like 'wrep_cluster_size';
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show status like 'wrep_cluster_size';
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show status like 'wsrep_cluster_size';
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3 |
+--------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[root@pxc4 ~]#mysql -p123.com
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 5.7.27-30-57-log Percona XtraDB Cluster (GPL), Release rel30, Revision 64987d4, WSREP version 31.39, wsrep_31.39
Copyright (c) 2009-2019 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database db3;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible pxcservers -a 'mysql -p123.com -e "show databases;\n"'
192.168.7.73 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Database
information_schema
db1
db2
db3
mysql
performance_schema
sys
PAGER set to stdoutmysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
192.168.7.72 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' (2)non-zero return code
192.168.7.74 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Database
information_schema
db1
db2
db3
mysql
performance_schema
sys
PAGER set to stdoutmysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
192.168.7.71 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Database
information_schema
db1
db2
db3
mysql
performance_schema
sys
PAGER set to stdoutmysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible 192.168.7.72 -a 'systemctl start mysql'
192.168.7.72 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
[root@pxc1 ~]#ansible 192.168.7.72 -a 'mysql -p123.com -e "show databases;\n"'
192.168.7.72 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Database
information_schema
db1
db2
db3
mysql
performance_schema
sys
PAGER set to stdoutmysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
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