ethereum入門-常用命令示例(包括創(chuàng)建用戶、挖礦、交易等)

ethereum常用命令示例

用戶管理

• 打開控制臺

   $ geth  --datadir=path/to/custom/data/folder attach
    --datadir“~/.ethereum”數(shù)據(jù)庫和密鑰庫的數(shù)據(jù)目錄

• 創(chuàng)建賬戶,參數(shù)是密碼
  在控制臺輸入下面命令：

  personal.newAccount("Write here a good, randomly generated, passphrase!")
  "0x0fec688d601909d28faf6fe18cf6230d08b698b6"

  默認(rèn)第一個創(chuàng)建的用戶為主用戶

• 查看用戶：

  eth.accounts
  ["0x0fec688d601909d28faf6fe18cf6230d08b698b6"]

  賬戶的排序反映了他們創(chuàng)建的時間。 密鑰文件存儲在DATADIR / keystore下，可以通過復(fù)制其中包含的文件在客戶端之間傳輸。 這些文件使用密碼加密，如果它們包含任何數(shù)量的以太網(wǎng)，則應(yīng)備份。 但是，請注意，如果您傳輸個別密鑰文件，則提交的帳戶順序可能會發(fā)生變化，您可能無法在同一位置結(jié)束同一帳戶。 因此請注意，只要您不將外部密鑰文件復(fù)制到您的密鑰存儲區(qū)，只依賴帳戶索引即可。

• 解鎖帳戶

  personal.unlockAccount("0xf9ab190a9c56fd0d945eac9659c0c9519b13c64e")
  或者
  這里是給第一個賬戶解鎖
  user1=eth.accounts[0]
  personal.unlockAccount(user1)

挖礦

• 開始挖礦

  miner.start()
  挖到一個區(qū)塊會獎勵5個以太幣，挖礦所得的獎勵會進(jìn)入礦工的賬戶，這個賬戶叫做coinbase，默認(rèn)情況下coinbase是本地賬戶中的第一個賬戶：

• 查看挖礦進(jìn)賬用戶

  eth.coinbase
  "0xf9ab190a9c56fd0d945eac9659c0c9519b13c64e"
  現(xiàn)在的coinbase是賬戶0，要想使挖礦獎勵進(jìn)入其他賬戶，通過miner.setEtherbase()將其他賬戶設(shè)置成coinbase即可

• 設(shè)置挖礦用戶

  miner.setEtherbase(eth.accounts[1])
  true
  eth.coinbase
  "0xb89bf2a212484ef9f1bd09efcd57cf37dbb1e52f"

• 停止挖礦

  miner.stop()
  true

• 檢查挖礦是否已經(jīng)停止，eth.mining 輸出為false時表示挖礦已經(jīng)停止

  eth.mining
  false

交易

• 查看帳號余額

  eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])

  getBalance()返回值的單位是wei，wei是以太幣的最小單位，1個以太幣=10的18次方個wei。要查看有多少個以太幣，可以用web3.fromWei()將返回值換算成以太幣：

  web3.fromWei(eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0]),'ether')
  340
  單位轉(zhuǎn)換： Ether–> Wei
  web3.toWei(1)

  單位轉(zhuǎn)換： Wei –> Ether

  web3.fromWei(10000000000000000)

• 轉(zhuǎn)賬
  轉(zhuǎn)賬前需要解鎖帳號，就像輸入銀行卡號密碼

  eth.sendTransaction({"from":"0x67128734480a0741595538d9d726f33addf83978", "to":"0x29a9a6bcf1ce7101ab93a029e2692298fc15e076", "gas":31000,"gasPrice":web3.toWei(300,'gwei'),"value":"1"})

  "0x54325698db1fbc85799b2f72070cddc457932abf0eef0d30d4fb2710ddafa941"

  eth.sendTransaction({"from":"0x67128734480a0741595538d9d726f33addf83978", "to":"0x29a9a6bcf1ce7101ab93a029e2692298fc15e076", "value":"10000000000000000000000"})
  "0x533d3c770aed09ede826c92e7460fd38d78a101752a7b3b25e4470d8594e77bb"

• 查看當(dāng)前區(qū)塊總數(shù)：

  eth.blockNumber
  69

• 通過區(qū)塊號查看區(qū)塊里打包的交易信息

  eth.getBlock(6)
  {
  difficulty: 2,
  extraData: "0xd783010803846765746887676f312e392e32856c696e75780000000000000000cff7302b0c5515614e52f1584ff3f6aceb10dfa6e2facb347bfe3c023878d3857fa48774a98c721bcc1fb2419a177d577a0926e9f51d037095ba53257f7f307701",
  gasLimit: 6246618,
  gasUsed: 21000,
  hash: "0x5e2506ce385e38bbe23765a24ec25f9742e4a3a5af7cd071088081535a6a0dd2",
  logsBloom: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  miner: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  mixHash: "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  nonce: "0x0000000000000000",
  number: 6,
  parentHash: "0x716da23fef7103042762025aabc83f7075fca516ab9dc6d436daa58b8350953b",
  receiptsRoot: "0x056b23fbba480696b65fe5a59b8f2148a1299103c4f57df839233af2cf4ca2d2",
  sha3Uncles: "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
  size: 713,
  stateRoot: "0x7c93a037c0750ddca8330d9c84912c622cd355c6978fc4267ffe2c8517a32469",
  timestamp: 1520398599,
  totalDifficulty: 13,
  transactions: ["0x54325698db1fbc85799b2f72070cddc457932abf0eef0d30d4fb2710ddafa941"],
  transactionsRoot: "0x712b5bba767dd0ecaeebbbeefdf097647a0f219f11f16e4a8a3d768b59ae442e",
  uncles: []
  }

• 通過交易hash查看交易

  eth.getTransaction("0x54325698db1fbc85799b2f72070cddc457932abf0eef0d30d4fb2710ddafa941")
  {
  blockHash: "0x5e2506ce385e38bbe23765a24ec25f9742e4a3a5af7cd071088081535a6a0dd2",
  blockNumber: 6,
  from: "0x67128734480a0741595538d9d726f33addf83978",
  gas: 31000,
  gasPrice: 300000000000,
  hash: "0x54325698db1fbc85799b2f72070cddc457932abf0eef0d30d4fb2710ddafa941",
  input: "0x",
  nonce: 5,
  r: "0xe14faca3d11a47ec4617927c84a04936dbaf783cc2187794e04299ce04352404",
  s: "0x6da16b4e07a4fc721273d3b09da1c8b29ad4ce8022a99eb3f8317247cf7f5386",
  to: "0x29a9a6bcf1ce7101ab93a029e2692298fc15e076",
  transactionIndex: 0,
  v: "0xa95",
  value: 1
  }

• 查看交易狀態(tài)

  txpool.status
  {
  pending: 0,
  queued: 0
  }