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使用redis存儲(chǔ)業(yè)務(wù)信息,同時(shí)也可以存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)維信息,比如日志和計(jì)數(shù)器來收集系統(tǒng)當(dāng)前的狀態(tài)信息,挖掘正在使用系統(tǒng)的顧客信息,以及診斷系統(tǒng)問題,發(fā)現(xiàn)潛在的問題。當(dāng)然,系統(tǒng)日志信息及統(tǒng)計(jì)信息也可以存儲(chǔ)在關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中,但是存在一個(gè)很大的弊端,影響業(yè)務(wù)性能。
1.使用redis記錄日志
熟悉java的朋友,記錄日志往往采用的是log4j,sl4j,大多記錄載體選擇文本文件。如果使用web集群的話,造成日志分散在各個(gè)web服務(wù)器,搜集有效日志信息,非常麻煩。如果選擇數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)保存的話,解決了文件分散情況,但勢(shì)必對(duì)業(yè)務(wù)造成影響,日志畢竟是個(gè)輔助支撐而已,不應(yīng)該和業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)相提并論。這時(shí)候,redis是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇。如果可以的話,可以對(duì)log4j擴(kuò)展,將數(shù)據(jù)保存到redis中,當(dāng)然這不是本章的重點(diǎn)。本章重點(diǎn),主要簡(jiǎn)單討論下如何保存日志。
構(gòu)建一個(gè)系統(tǒng),判斷哪些信息需要被記錄是一件困難的事情,不同的業(yè)務(wù)有不同的需求。但一般的日志信息往往關(guān)注一下方面。
日志時(shí)間,日志內(nèi)容,服務(wù)IP,日志級(jí)別,日志發(fā)生頻率。
1.1redis日志存儲(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)
記錄詳情里,可以按要求,增添想要的信息,發(fā)生的類名稱,處理IP等。
1.2代碼
public void logCommon( Jedis conn, String name, String message, String severity, int timeout) { String commonDest = "common:" + name + ':' + severity; String startKey = commonDest + ":start"; long end = System.currentTimeMillis() + timeout; while (System.currentTimeMillis() < end){ conn.watch(startKey); //當(dāng)前所處的小時(shí)數(shù) String hourStart = ISO_FORMAT.format(new Date()); String existing = conn.get(startKey); Transaction trans = conn.multi(); //如果記錄的是上一個(gè)小時(shí)的日志 if (existing != null && COLLATOR.compare(existing, hourStart) < 0){ trans.rename(commonDest, commonDest + ":last"); trans.rename(startKey, commonDest + ":pstart"); trans.set(startKey, hourStart); }else{ trans.set(startKey, hourStart); } //日志計(jì)數(shù)器增1 trans.zincrby(commonDest, 1, message); //記錄最近日志詳情 String recentDest = "recent:" + name + ':' + severity; trans.lpush(recentDest, TIMESTAMP.format(new Date()) + ' ' + message); trans.ltrim(recentDest, 0, 99); List<Object> results = trans.exec(); // null response indicates that the transaction was aborted due to // the watched key changing. if (results == null){ continue; } return; } }
2.網(wǎng)站點(diǎn)擊量計(jì)數(shù)器統(tǒng)計(jì)
2.1redis計(jì)數(shù)器存儲(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)
2.2編碼
//以秒為單位的精度 public static final int[] PRECISION = new int[]{1, 5, 60, 300, 3600, 18000, 86400}; public void updateCounter(Jedis conn, String name, int count, long now){ Transaction trans = conn.multi(); //每一次更新,都要更新所有精度的計(jì)數(shù)器 for (int prec : PRECISION) { long pnow = (now / prec) * prec;//當(dāng)前時(shí)間片的開始時(shí)間 String hash = String.valueOf(prec) + ':' + name; trans.zadd("known:", 0, hash); trans.hincrBy("count:" + hash, String.valueOf(pnow), count); } trans.exec(); } public List<Pair<Integer,Integer>> getCounter( Jedis conn, String name, int precision) { String hash = String.valueOf(precision) + ':' + name; Map<String,String> data = conn.hgetAll("count:" + hash); ArrayList<Pair<Integer,Integer>> results = new ArrayList<Pair<Integer,Integer>>(); for (Map.Entry<String,String> entry : data.entrySet()) { results.add(new Pair<Integer,Integer>( Integer.parseInt(entry.getKey()), Integer.parseInt(entry.getValue()))); } Collections.sort(results); return results; }
2.3清楚舊數(shù)據(jù)
流程圖
代碼
public class CleanCountersThread extends Thread { private Jedis conn; private int sampleCount = 100; private boolean quit; private long timeOffset; // used to mimic a time in the future. public CleanCountersThread(int sampleCount, long timeOffset){ this.conn = new Jedis("192.168.163.156"); this.conn.select(15); this.sampleCount = sampleCount; this.timeOffset = timeOffset; } public void quit(){ quit = true; } public void run(){ int passes = 0; while (!quit){ long start = System.currentTimeMillis() + timeOffset; int index = 0; while (index < conn.zcard("known:")){ Set<String> hashSet = conn.zrange("known:", index, index); index++; if (hashSet.size() == 0) { break; } String hash = hashSet.iterator().next(); int prec = Integer.parseInt(hash.substring(0, hash.indexOf(':'))); int bprec = (int)Math.floor(prec / 60); if (bprec == 0){ bprec = 1; } if ((passes % bprec) != 0){ continue; } String hkey = "count:" + hash; String cutoff = String.valueOf( ((System.currentTimeMillis() + timeOffset) / 1000) - sampleCount * prec); ArrayList<String> samples = new ArrayList<String>(conn.hkeys(hkey)); Collections.sort(samples); int remove = bisectRight(samples, cutoff); if (remove != 0){ conn.hdel(hkey, samples.subList(0, remove).toArray(new String[0])); if (remove == samples.size()){ conn.watch(hkey); if (conn.hlen(hkey) == 0) { Transaction trans = conn.multi(); trans.zrem("known:", hash); trans.exec(); index--; }else{ conn.unwatch(); } } } } passes++; long duration = Math.min( (System.currentTimeMillis() + timeOffset) - start + 1000, 60000); try { sleep(Math.max(60000 - duration, 1000)); }catch(InterruptedException ie){ Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); } } } // mimic python's bisect.bisect_right public int bisectRight(List<String> values, String key) { int index = Collections.binarySearch(values, key); return index < 0 ? Math.abs(index) - 1 : index + 1; } }
3.使用redis統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)
上面提到的計(jì)數(shù)器,是最簡(jiǎn)單的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。除了計(jì)數(shù)器(count(*)),還是最大值(max),最小值(min).
設(shè)計(jì)
stats:模塊(頁(yè)面)名稱:指標(biāo)名稱
public List<Object> updateStats(Jedis conn, String context, String type, double value){ int timeout = 5000; String destination = "stats:" + context + ':' + type; String startKey = destination + ":start"; long end = System.currentTimeMillis() + timeout; while (System.currentTimeMillis() < end){ conn.watch(startKey); String hourStart = ISO_FORMAT.format(new Date()); String existing = conn.get(startKey); Transaction trans = conn.multi(); if (existing != null && COLLATOR.compare(existing, hourStart) < 0){ trans.rename(destination, destination + ":last"); trans.rename(startKey, destination + ":pstart"); trans.set(startKey, hourStart); } //借助redis提供的最大值,最小值計(jì)算 String tkey1 = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); String tkey2 = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); trans.zadd(tkey1, value, "min"); trans.zadd(tkey2, value, "max"); trans.zunionstore( destination, new ZParams().aggregate(ZParams.Aggregate.MIN), destination, tkey1); trans.zunionstore( destination, new ZParams().aggregate(ZParams.Aggregate.MAX), destination, tkey2); trans.del(tkey1, tkey2); trans.zincrby(destination, 1, "count"); trans.zincrby(destination, value, "sum"); trans.zincrby(destination, value * value, "sumsq"); List<Object> results = trans.exec(); if (results == null){ continue; } return results.subList(results.size() - 3, results.size()); } return null; }
需要注意的使用redis自帶的最大值最小值,計(jì)算,所以創(chuàng)建了2個(gè)臨時(shí)有序集合。其他的邏輯參照日志相關(guān)部分。
參考內(nèi)容
《redis in action》
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