通過session會話實現(xiàn)認證和授權

下面來通過一個實例講解Session認證的方式

創(chuàng)建工程：

引入依賴：

<dependencies>

    <dependency>

        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>

        <version>5.0.4.RELEASE</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>

        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>

        <version>3.1.0</version>

    </dependency>

    <dependency>

        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>

        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>

        <version>1.18.8</version>

    </dependency>

</dependencies>

<build>

    <finalName>security‐springmvc</finalName>

    <pluginManagement>

        <plugins>

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>

                <artifactId>tomcat7‐maven‐plugin</artifactId>

                <version>2.2</version>

            </plugin>

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                <artifactId>maven‐compiler‐plugin</artifactId>

                <configuration>

                    <source>1.8</source>

                    <target>1.8</target>

                </configuration>

            </plugin>

            <plugin>

                <artifactId>maven‐resources‐plugin</artifactId>

                <configuration>

                    <encoding>utf‐8</encoding>

                    <useDefaultDelimiters>true</useDefaultDelimiters>

                    <resources>

                        <resource>

                            <directory>src/main/resources</directory>

                            <filtering>true</filtering>

                            <includes>

                                <include>**/*</include>

                            </includes>

                        </resource>

                        <resource>

                            <directory>src/main/java</directory>

                            <includes>

                                <include>**/*.xml</include>

                            </includes>

                        </resource>

                    </resources>

                </configuration>

            </plugin>

        </plugins>

    </pluginManagement>

</build>

Spring容器配置

在config包下定義ApplicationConfig.java，這個配置類相當于spring的配置文件

@Configuration

@ComponentScan(basePackages = ,excludeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = Controller.)})ApplicationConfig {

    }

在config包下定義WebConfig.java,這個配置類相當于springmv的配置文件

@Configuration @EnableWebMvc

@ComponentScan(basePackages = "cn.xh"

        ,includeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = Controller.class)})public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {



   

    //視頻解析器

    @Bean

    public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver(){

        InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();

        viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/view/");

        viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");

        return viewResolver;

    }

}

加載spring容器

在init包下定義spring容器的初始化類SpringApplicationInitializer,該類實現(xiàn)了WebApplicationInitializer接口相當于web.xml文件。Spring容器啟動時會加載所有實現(xiàn)了WebApplicationInitializer接口的類。

public class SpringApplicationInitializer extends

        AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {

    @Override

    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {

        return new Class<?>[] { ApplicationConfig.class };    } @

            Override

    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {

        return new Class<?>[] { WebConfig.class };     } @

            Override

    protected String[] getServletMappings() {

        return new String [] {"/"};

    }

}

該類對應的web.xml文件可以參考：

<web‐app>

<listener>

<listener‐class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener‐class>

</listener>

<context‐param>

<param‐name>contextConfigLocation</param‐name>

<param‐value>/WEB‐INF/application‐context.xml</param‐value>

</context‐param>

<servlet>

<servlet‐name>springmvc</servlet‐name>

<servletclass>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet‐class>

<init‐param>

<param‐name>contextConfigLocation</param‐name>

<param‐value>/WEB‐INF/spring‐mvc.xml</param‐value>

</init‐param>

<load‐on‐startup>1</load‐on‐startup>

</servlet>

<servlet‐mapping>

<servlet‐name>springmvc</servlet‐name>

<url‐pattern>/</url‐pattern>

</servlet‐mapping>

</web‐app>

實現(xiàn)認證功能

在webapp/WEB-INF/views下定義認證頁面login.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>用戶登錄</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="login" method="post">
    用戶名：<input type="text" name="username"><br>
    密&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;碼:
    <input type="password" name="password"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="登錄">
</form>
</body>
</html>

在WebConfig中新增如下配置，將/直接導向login.jsp頁面：

@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
    registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
}

啟動項目，訪問/路徑地址，進行測試

創(chuàng)建認證接口;

認證接口用來對傳入的用戶名和密碼進行驗證，驗證成功返回用戶的詳細信息，失敗拋出錯誤異常。

public interface AuthenticationService {
    /**
     * 用戶認證
     * @param authenticationRequest 用戶認證請求
     * @return 認證成功的用戶信息
     */
    UserDto authentication(AuthenticationRequest authenticationRequest);
}

認證請求結構：

@Data
public class AuthenticationRequest {
    /**
     * 用戶名
     */
    private String username;
    /**
     * 密碼
     */
    private String password;
}

用戶詳細信息：

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
public class UserDto {
    private String id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String fullname;
    private String mobile;
}

認證實現(xiàn)類：

@Service
public class AuthenticationServiceImpl implements AuthenticationService {
    @Override
    public UserDto authentication(AuthenticationRequest authenticationRequest) {
        if(authenticationRequest == null
                || StringUtils.isEmpty(authenticationRequest.getUsername())
                || StringUtils.isEmpty(authenticationRequest.getPassword())){
            throw new RuntimeException("賬號或密碼為空");
        }
        UserDto userDto = getUserDto(authenticationRequest.getUsername());
        if(userDto == null){
            throw new RuntimeException("查詢不到該用戶");
        }
        if(!authenticationRequest.getPassword().equals(userDto.getPassword())){
            throw new RuntimeException("賬號或密碼錯誤");
        }
        return userDto;
    }
    //模擬用戶查詢
    public UserDto getUserDto(String username){
        return userMap.get(username);
    }
    //用戶信息
    private Map<String,UserDto> userMap = new HashMap<>();
    {
        userMap.put("zhangsan",new UserDto("1010","zhangsan","123","張三","133443"));
        userMap.put("lisi",new UserDto("1011","lisi","456","李四","144553"));
    }
}

登錄controller:

@RestController
public class LoginController {
    @Autowired
    private AuthenticationService authenticationService;
    /**
     * 用戶登錄
     * @param authenticationRequest 登錄請求
     * @return
     */
    @PostMapping(value = "/login",produces = "text/plain;charset=utf‐8")   

public String login(AuthenticationRequest authenticationRequest){
        UserDto userDto = authenticationService.authentication(authenticationRequest);
        return userDto.getFullname() + " 登錄成功";
    }
}

測試

實現(xiàn)會話功能：

當用戶登錄系統(tǒng)后，系統(tǒng)需要記住用戶的信息，一般會把用戶的信息放在session中，在需要的時候從session中獲取用戶的信息，這就是會話機制。

1. 首先在UserDto中定義一個Session_USER_KEY,作為session的key

public static final String SESSION_USER_KEY = "_user";

1. 修改LoginController,認證成功后，將用戶的信息放入session,并增加用戶注銷的方法，用戶注銷時清空session

@PostMapping(value = "/login",produces = "text/plain;charset=utf‐8")
    public String login(AuthenticationRequest authenticationRequest, HttpSession session){
        UserDto userDto = authenticationService.authentication(authenticationRequest);
//用戶信息存入session
        session.setAttribute(UserDto.SESSION_USER_KEY,userDto);
        return userDto.getUsername() + "登錄成功";
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "logout",produces = "text/plain;charset=utf‐8")
    public String logout(HttpSession session){
        session.invalidate();
        return "退出成功";
    }

1. 增加測試資源，在LoginController中增加測試資源：

@GetMapping(value = "/r/r1",produces = {"text/plain;charset=utf-8"})
public String r1(HttpSession session){
    String fullname = null;
    Object userObj = session.getAttribute(UserDto.SESSION_USER_KEY);
    if(userObj != null){
        fullname = ((UserDto)userObj).getFullname();
    }else{
        fullname = "匿名";
    }
    return fullname + " 訪問資源1";
}

1. 測試：

未登錄訪問 /r/r1顯示：

已登錄訪問 /r/r1顯示：

 實現(xiàn)授權功能

用戶訪問系統(tǒng)需要經過授權，需要完成如下功能：

1. 禁止未登錄用戶訪問某些資源

2. 登錄用戶根據(jù)用戶的權限決定是否能訪問某些資源

第一步：在UserDto里增加權限屬性表示該登錄用戶擁有的權限：

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
public class UserDto {
    public static final String SESSION_USER_KEY = "_user";
    private String id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String fullname;
    private String mobile;
    /**
     * 用戶權限
     */
    private Set<String> authorities;
}

第二步：在AuthenticationServiceImpl中為用戶初始化權限，張三給了p1權限，李四給了p2權限：

//用戶信息
private Map<String,UserDto> userMap = new HashMap<>();
{
    Set<String> authorities1 = new HashSet<>();
    authorities1.add("p1");
    Set<String> authorities2 = new HashSet<>();
    authorities2.add("p2");
    userMap.put("zhangsan",new UserDto("1010","zhangsan","123","張三","133443",authorities1));
            userMap.put("lisi",new UserDto("1011","lisi","456","李四","144553",authorities2));

}

第三步：在LoginController中增加測試資源：

/**
 * 測試資源2
 * @param session
 * @return
 */
@GetMapping(value = "/r/r2",produces = {"text/plain;charset=utf-8"})
public String r2(HttpSession session){
    String fullname = null;
    Object userObj = session.getAttribute(UserDto.SESSION_USER_KEY);
    if(userObj != null){
        fullname = ((UserDto)userObj).getFullname();
    }else{
        fullname = "匿名";
    }
    return fullname + " 訪問資源2";
}

第四步：在interceptor包下實現(xiàn)授權攔截器SimpleAuthenticationInterceptor：

1. 校驗用戶是否登錄

2. 校驗用戶是否有操作權限

@Component

public class SimpleAuthenticationInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    //請求攔截方法
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object
            handler) throws Exception {
//讀取會話信息
        Object object = request.getSession().getAttribute(UserDto.SESSION_USER_KEY);
        if (object == null) {
            writeContent(response, "請登錄");
        }
        UserDto user = (UserDto) object;
//請求的url
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        if (user.getAuthorities().contains("p1") && requestURI.contains("/r1")) {
            return true;
        }
        if (user.getAuthorities().contains("p2") && requestURI.contains("/r2")) {
            return true;
        }
        writeContent(response, "權限不足，拒絕訪問");
        return false;
    }

    //響應輸出
    private void writeContent(HttpServletResponse response, String msg) throws IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
        writer.print(msg);
        writer.close();
        response.resetBuffer();
    }
}

在WebConfig中配置攔截器，配置/r/**的資源被攔截器處理：

@Autowired
private SimpleAuthenticationInterceptor simpleAuthenticationInterceptor;
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
    registry.addInterceptor(simpleAuthenticationInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/r/**");
}

測試：

未登錄：

張三訪問/r/r1：

張三訪問 /r/r2: