Android開(kāi)發(fā)實(shí)踐：用腳本編譯Android工程

   一般情況下，我們都是使用Eclipse+ADT插件或者Android studio軟件來(lái)編譯Android工程的，其實(shí)，Eclipse或者Android studio僅僅是將一些編譯命令封裝到可視化界面里而已，通過(guò)shell腳本、ADT附帶的一些命令以及Ant工具，我們完全可以將Android工程的編譯過(guò)程自動(dòng)化，直接通過(guò)運(yùn)行腳本就得到最終的APK文件。

   Linux下用腳本編譯c/c++程序至少需要兩個(gè)東西，一個(gè)是編譯器，如gcc/g++，另一個(gè)則是編譯配置文件，即Makefile；同理，編譯Android程序也同樣需要編譯器和編譯配置文件，由于Android程序是Java開(kāi)發(fā)的，所以編譯器一般使用Ant（Apache的核心項(xiàng)目，Java編譯器），配置文件則是build.xml，該編譯配置文件可以自己手寫(xiě)，也可以通過(guò)ADT的工具生成；如果Andrid工程涉及JNI層，則編譯命令使用NDK-Build，對(duì)應(yīng)的編譯配置文件則是Android.mk。

   前面這段話，簡(jiǎn)單介紹了使用腳本編譯Andriod工程的一些基本工具和關(guān)鍵詞，詳細(xì)的用法就留給讀者自己去Google吧，這里給出一個(gè)我自己編寫(xiě)的通用腳本，放到你的Android工程的根目錄，修改腳本的相關(guān)路徑的配置，添加執(zhí)行權(quán)限(chmod +x)，即可編譯你的Android工程了，具體的用法用注釋的形式添加在腳本中了，文章最后的附件則是該腳本的測(cè)試Android工程。

#!/bin/bash
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
#NOTE: 用法，在本工程根目錄下執(zhí)行 ./build.sh xxx
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
#其中，xxx為參數(shù)，可以是clean debug release，也可以不帶參數(shù)，不帶參數(shù)默認(rèn)為debug
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
#如果參數(shù)是 clean，  則會(huì)刪除所有編譯生成的文件              
#如果參數(shù)是 debug ， 則會(huì)生成 debug 版本的apk,位于 bin 目錄下
#如果參數(shù)是 release，則生成 release版本的apk，位于 bin 目錄下
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
#NOTE: 如果更改了工程配置，請(qǐng)先刪除目錄下的build.xml
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
#獲取本目錄的名稱，作為build.xml的項(xiàng)目名稱
PROJECT_NAME=${PWD##*/}
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
#路徑配置，請(qǐng)根據(jù)編譯環(huán)境修改
ANDROID_SDK_PATH=/opt/android/sdk
ANDROID_NDK_PATH=/opt/android/ndk
ANT_PATH=/opt/apache-ant-1.9.0/bin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
#決定是否生成release版
BUILD_RELEASE=0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
if [ $1 = "clean" ]
then
    rm -rf gen
    rm -rf obj
    rm -rf libs/armeabi
    echo "clean success"
    exit
fi
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
if [ $1 = "debug" ]
then
    BUILD_RELEASE=0
fi
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
if [ $1 = "release" ]
then
    BUILD_RELEASE=1
fi
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
echo "begin to build..."
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
#判斷 build.xml 是否存在，若不存在，則創(chuàng)建一個(gè)
#請(qǐng)根據(jù)你的目標(biāo)平臺(tái)，修改update project命令的最后一個(gè)參數(shù)，該值為 android list 命令輸出結(jié)果列表的id值
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
if [ ! -e build.xml ]
then
    echo "No build.xml exist, generate build.xml"
    $SDK_PATH/tools/android update project -n $PROJECT_NAME -p . -s -t 1
fi
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
#判斷jni目錄是否存在，如果存在，則首先編譯jni目錄
if [ -d jni ]
then
    echo "build jni, generate libs"
    $ANDROID_NDK_PATH/ndk-build
fi
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
#使用ant來(lái)編譯
if [ $BUILD_RELEASE ]
then
    $ANT_PATH/ant release 
else
    $ANT_PATH/ant debug
fi
echo "build success"

   在Android工程的根目錄運(yùn)行該腳本文件后，會(huì)在bin目錄下生成apk文件，如果工程目錄下沒(méi)有ant.properties文件和xxx.key文件的話，則只會(huì)生成debug版和unsigned-release版，如果希望直接生成簽名后的apk文件，則需要給出一個(gè)Android key文件，并編寫(xiě)一個(gè)ant.properties文件，該文件的編寫(xiě)示例如下：

key.store=ticktick.key
key.alias=ticktick
key.store.password=123456
key.alias.password=123456

   在Android工程的根目錄下，如果存在該ant.properties文件，則在編譯release版的時(shí)候，會(huì)自動(dòng)使用ticktick.key文件來(lái)簽名生成的apk文件。

   關(guān)于使用腳本編譯Android工程就介紹到這兒了，希望我的示例腳本能夠給初學(xué)者提供一些參考和幫助，有任何疑問(wèn)歡迎留言或者來(lái)信lujun.hust@gmail.com交流，或者關(guān)注我的新浪微博 @盧_俊 獲取最新的文章和資訊。