溫馨提示×
您好，登錄后才能下訂單哦！
點擊 登錄注冊 即表示同意《億速云用戶服務條款》
您好，登錄后才能下訂單哦！
文件共享服務---Samba
=============================================================================
★smb：Service Message Block；服務信息塊
★cifs：Common Internet File System，
★samba：作者：Andrew Tridgell；
實事上是smb功能的實現(xiàn)，核心當中所實現(xiàn)的主要協(xié)議是cifs協(xié)議
★功能：
文件系統(tǒng)共享；
NetBIOS協(xié)議（進行Windows網(wǎng)絡上的主機名解析）；
打印服務；
1）程序環(huán)境
★samba安裝
# yum install samba -y
★主配置文件
/etc/samba/smb.conf
★主程序：
/usr/sbin/nmbd：
Network Naming Service，主要是完成NetBIOS名稱解析；
/usr/sbin/smbd：
SMB/CIFS Service；核心主程序，完成SMB/CIFS服務
★Unit File
/usr/lib/systemd/system/nmb.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/smb.service
★監(jiān)聽的端口：
UDP：137/udp, 138/udp
TCP:139/tcp, 445/tcp
★客戶端程序：
mount -t cifs = mount.cifs
smbclient：交互式命令行客戶端工具；
2）samba的配置
/etc/samba/smb.conf
★主配置文件：/etc/samba/smb.conf
[root@centos7 ~]# cd /etc/samba [root@centos7 samba]# ls lmhosts smb.conf [root@centos7 samba]# cp smb.conf{,.bak} # 首先備份 [root@centos7 samba]# ls lmhosts smb.conf smb.conf.bak [root@centos7 samba]# grep -i -E "^#[[:space:]]*(=|-)+" smb.conf # 過濾出配置段 #--------------- #-------------- # 全局配置段 #======================= Global Settings ===================================== # ----------------------- Network-Related Options ------------------------- # --------------------------- Logging Options ----------------------------- # ----------------------- Standalone Server Options ------------------------ # ----------------------- Domain Members Options ------------------------ # ----------------------- Domain Controller Options ------------------------ # ----------------------- Browser Control Options ---------------------------- #----------------------------- Name Resolution ------------------------------- # --------------------------- Printing Options ----------------------------- # --------------------------- File System Options --------------------------- #============================ Share Definitions ============================== # 用戶自定義的共享配置段★兩類配置段：
◎全局配置
[global]
workgroup = MYGROUP 工作組模型 用來定義工作組
server string = Samba Server Version %v 定義提示信息
interfaces = lo eth0 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24 指明要監(jiān)聽的地址或網(wǎng)絡接口；
hosts allow = 127. 192.168.12. 192.168.13. 訪問控制，相當于白名單
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m 每個客戶端將使用自己專用的日志文件；
max log size = 50 指明日志文件大小，默認為KB
security = user 定義安全級別，user提供賬號和密碼
share (depricated) 匿名共享
server (depricated) 實現(xiàn)集中式身份認證
domain
passdb backend = tdbsam 賬號密碼的存儲格式
load printers = yes samba 服務啟動時是否裝載打印機驅(qū)動
cups options = raw 通用的打印機的服務方式
◎共享文件系統(tǒng)：
[shared_ID]
有三類：
[homes]：每個samba用戶是否能夠通過samba服務訪問其家目錄；
[printers]：打印服務；
[shared_FS]：用戶自定義的共享目錄；
常用指令：
comment：注釋信息；
path：本地文件系統(tǒng)路徑；
browseable：是否可瀏覽，是否為用戶可見；
guest ok：是否允許來賓賬號（匿名用戶）訪問；
public：是否公開給所有來賓；
writable：是否可寫；
writable=YES和read only = no是一樣的
write list：擁有寫權(quán)限的用戶或組列表；
用戶名
@組名 = +組名
2）samba用戶管理
★命令：
smbpasswd, pdbedit
1）smbpasswd
語法：
smbpasswd [OPTIONS] USERNAME(系統(tǒng)用戶)
選項：
-a：添加；
-x：刪除；
-d：禁用；
-e：啟用
2）pdbedit：
-L：列出samba服務中的所有用戶；
-a：添加用戶為samba用戶；
-u USERNAME：
-x：刪除
-t：從標準輸出接收密碼；
★訪問服務：
☉smbclient交互式客戶端程序：
查看目標服務上的共享
smbclient -L SMB_SERVER [-U USERNAME]
訪問共享服務
smbclient //SMB_SERVER[/SHARE_NAME] [-U USERNAME]
☉mount.cifs
mount -t cifs //SMB_SERVER/SHARED_ID /MOUNT_POINT -o username=USER,password=PASS（指明用戶身份和密碼）
注意：
掛載操作中的用戶，與-o選項中指定的用戶直接產(chǎn)生映射關(guān)系；訪問掛載，是以-o選項指定的用戶身份運行，與本地用戶以ID產(chǎn)生映射；
★自定義共享的方式：
[shared_ID]
comment =
path =
guest ok =
read only =
public =
browseable =
write list =
☉注意：
定義所有用戶在服務級的寫權(quán)限write = yes (read only = no）不建議與write list同時使用；
命令演示：
1.添加用戶
[root@centos7 ~]# pdbedit -a -u tao # 添加用戶 new password: retype new password: Unix username: tao NT username: Account Flags: [U ] User SID: S-1-5-21-1194301372-4224252613-970535052-1000 Primary Group SID: S-1-5-21-1194301372-4224252613-970535052-513 Full Name: Home Directory: \\centos7\tao HomeDir Drive: Logon Script: Profile Path: \\centos7\tao\profile Domain: CENTOS7 Account desc: Workstations: Munged dial: Logon time: 0 Logoff time: Wed, 06 Feb 2036 23:06:39 CST Kickoff time: Wed, 06 Feb 2036 23:06:39 CST Password last set: Tue, 18 Oct 2016 23:24:50 CST Password can change: Tue, 18 Oct 2016 23:24:50 CST Password must change: never Last bad password : 0 Bad password count : 0 Logon hours : FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF [root@centos7 ~]# pdbedit -L # 列出samba用戶 tao:1000: [root@centos7 ~]# pdbedit -a -u xiu # 再添加一個用戶xiu [root@centos7 ~]# pdbedit -L tao:1000: xiu:1001:
啟動samba服務，并查看端口號
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl start nmb.service smb.service [root@centos7 ~]# ss -unl # 查看udp端口 137,138 State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port UNCONN 0 0 *:68 *:* UNCONN 0 0 192.168.1.255:137 *:* UNCONN 0 0 192.168.1.15:137 *:* UNCONN 0 0 *:137 *:* UNCONN 0 0 192.168.1.255:138 *:* UNCONN 0 0 192.168.1.15:138 *:* UNCONN 0 0 *:138 *:* UNCONN 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 *:* UNCONN 0 0 *:34320 *:* UNCONN 0 0 :::10025 :::* UNCONN 0 0 ::1:323 :::* [root@centos7 ~]# ss -tnl # 查看tcp協(xié)議端口 139,445 State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6012 *:* LISTEN 0 50 *:445 *:* LISTEN 0 50 *:3306 *:* LISTEN 0 50 *:139 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:631 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6010 *:* LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6011 *:* LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6012 :::* LISTEN 0 50 :::445 :::* LISTEN 0 50 :::139 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 128 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6011 :::*
2.smbclient命令查看目標主機上的共享
這里以centos 6 主機作為客戶端，訪問作為samba服務器的centos 7
# 匿名訪問，不輸入密碼，如下： [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.1.15 Enter root's password: Anonymous login successful Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba Server Version 4.2.3) Anonymous login successful Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Server Comment --------- ------- CENTOS7 Samba Server Version 4.2.3 Workgroup Master --------- ------- MYGROUP CENTOS7 WORKGROUP PC-20160624QLWL # 已創(chuàng)建的系統(tǒng)用戶賬號來訪問，如下： [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.1.15 -U tao Enter tao's password: Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba Server Version 4.2.3) tao Disk Home Directories Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Server Comment --------- ------- CENTOS7 Samba Server Version 4.2.3 Workgroup Master --------- ------- MYGROUP CENTOS7 WORKGROUP PC-20160624QLWL
3.smbclient命令訪問目標主機上的共享服務
[root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.15/ -U tao Enter tao's password: [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.15/tao -U tao # 要添加允許訪問的共享的目錄文件 Enter tao's password: Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] smb: \> help # 獲取幫助 ? allinfo altname archive blocksize cancel case_sensitive cd chmod chown close del dir du echo exit get getfacl geteas hardlink help history iosize lcd link lock lowercase ls l mask md mget mkdir more mput newer open posix posix_encrypt posix_open posix_mkdir posix_rmdir posix_unlink print prompt put pwd q queue quit readlink rd recurse reget rename reput rm rmdir showacls setea setmode stat symlink tar tarmode timeout translate unlock volume vuid wdel logon listconnect showconnect .. ! smb: \> pwd # 顯示的是samba服務器上系統(tǒng)用戶tao的共享目錄，配置中家目錄是允許共享的 Current directory is \\192.168.1.15\tao\ smb: \> ls . D 0 Tue Oct 18 13:09:36 2016 .. D 0 Tue Oct 18 11:38:44 2016 .mozilla DH 0 Mon Jul 25 23:57:35 2016 .bash_logout H 18 Fri Nov 20 13:02:30 2015 .bash_profile H 193 Fri Nov 20 13:02:30 2015 .bashrc H 231 Fri Nov 20 13:02:30 2015 .zshrc H 658 Fri Nov 20 21:11:02 2015 .Xauthority H 53 Sun Sep 11 11:11:49 2016 .cache DH 0 Sun Sep 11 11:11:49 2016 .config DH 0 Tue Oct 18 12:38:09 2016 .bash_history H 361 Tue Oct 18 12:43:06 2016 .mysql_history H 268 Mon Oct 17 16:18:28 2016 pub D 0 Tue Oct 18 09:16:21 2016 upload D 0 Tue Oct 18 09:20:53 2016 xiu D 0 Tue Oct 18 09:36:02 2016 .local DH 0 Tue Oct 18 12:38:09 2016 f1 13 Tue Oct 18 13:09:36 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> put /etc/fstab # 上傳Cen 6 中的文件發(fā)現(xiàn)不能上傳，這里最要使用當前路徑 NT_STATUS_OBJECT_PATH_NOT_FOUND opening remote file \/etc/fstab smb: \> lcd /etc # 切換到要上傳文件的當前目錄中 smb: \> put fstab # 上傳文件,發(fā)現(xiàn)可以上傳，這是因為系統(tǒng)文件中定義的writable=YES，有寫權(quán)限，并且tao用戶對自己的家目錄也有寫權(quán)限 putting file fstab as \fstab (52.3 kb/s) (average 52.3 kb/s) smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:11:59 2016 .. D 0 Tue Oct 18 11:38:44 2016 .mozilla DH 0 Mon Jul 25 23:57:35 2016 .bash_logout H 18 Fri Nov 20 13:02:30 2015 .bash_profile H 193 Fri Nov 20 13:02:30 2015 .bashrc H 231 Fri Nov 20 13:02:30 2015 .zshrc H 658 Fri Nov 20 21:11:02 2015 .Xauthority H 53 Sun Sep 11 11:11:49 2016 .cache DH 0 Sun Sep 11 11:11:49 2016 .config DH 0 Tue Oct 18 12:38:09 2016 .bash_history H 361 Tue Oct 18 12:43:06 2016 .mysql_history H 268 Mon Oct 17 16:18:28 2016 pub D 0 Tue Oct 18 09:16:21 2016 upload D 0 Tue Oct 18 09:20:53 2016 xiu D 0 Tue Oct 18 09:36:02 2016 .local DH 0 Tue Oct 18 12:38:09 2016 f1 13 Tue Oct 18 13:09:36 2016 fstab #已上傳的文件 A 1017 Wed Oct 19 00:11:59 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> ^C
4.自定義共享服務
[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir -pv /samba/tools # 創(chuàng)建共享的目錄 mkdir: created directory ‘/samba’ mkdir: created directory ‘/samba/tools’ [root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf # 編輯主配置文件 [apps] # 自定義一個共享名 comment = tools # 注釋為tools工具 path = /samba/tools # 本地文件系統(tǒng)路徑 browseable = yes # 允許非屬主，數(shù)組瀏覽 guest ok = yes # 允許來賓訪問，即匿名用戶 writable = yes # 允許寫操作（如：上傳和刪除等） # 配置好之后保存退出，并測試語法 [root@centos7 samba]# testparm # 語法測試 Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf rlimit_max: increasing rlimit_max (1024) to minimum Windows limit (16384) Processing section "[homes]" Processing section "[printers]" Processing section "[apps]" Loaded services file OK. Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions # 敲回車，打印出服務所有的生效配置 # Global parameters [global] workgroup = MYGROUP server string = Samba Server Version %v security = USER log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 50 idmap config * : backend = tdb cups options = raw [homes] comment = Home Directories read only = No browseable = No [printers] comment = All Printers path = /var/spool/samba printable = Yes print ok = Yes browseable = No [apps] comment = tools path = /samba/tools read only = No # 非只讀，代表可寫 guest ok = Yes [root@centos7 samba]# systemctl restart smb 重啟服務
查看共享服務，并訪問
# 查看系統(tǒng)用戶下的共享服務 [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.1.15 -U tao Enter tao's password: Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- apps Disk tools IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba Server Version 4.2.3) tao Disk Home Directories Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Server Comment --------- ------- CENTOS7 Samba Server Version 4.2.3 Workgroup Master --------- ------- MYGROUP CENTOS7 WORKGROUP PC-20160624QLWL
訪問共享服務
# 匿名用戶（來賓賬號）可以登錄，但是不能上傳文件 [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.17/apps Enter root's password: Anonymous login successful Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 21:12:29 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> lcd /etc smb: \> !pwd /etc smb: \> put fstab # 不能上傳 NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED opening remote file \fstab smb: \> ^C # 系統(tǒng)賬號登錄，訪問共享服務 [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.15/apps -U tao # 指定共享服務目錄為apps Enter tao's password: Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] smb: \> pwd Current directory is \\192.168.1.15\apps\ # 在apps下 smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> lcd /etc smb: \> put fstab NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED opening remote file \fstab # 不能上傳，雖然服務有寫權(quán)限，但是對目錄對文件系統(tǒng)沒有寫權(quán)限 smb: \>
要想使tao用戶可以上傳和刪除文件，除了系統(tǒng)當中的定義的允許寫操作外，目錄文件系統(tǒng)也要有寫權(quán)限才可以，僅對tao用戶定義如下：
[root@centos7 ~]# setfacl -m u:tao:rwx /samba/tools # 設定tao用戶的rwx權(quán)限 [root@centos7 ~]# getfacl /samba/tools getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names # file: samba/tools # owner: root # group: root user::rwx user:tao:rwx group::r-x mask::rwx other::r-x
再次訪問上傳如下
[root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.15/apps -U tao Enter tao's password: Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> lcd /etc smb: \> put fstab putting file fstab as \fstab (99.3 kb/s) (average 99.3 kb/s) #上傳成功 smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 01:00:43 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 fstab A 1017 Wed Oct 19 01:00:43 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> rm fstab # 刪除文件 smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 21:12:29 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40071 blocks available smb: \>
5.假設現(xiàn)在tao用戶和xiu用戶都有寫操作，即可以向/samba/tools上傳文件,但是我只想允許讓tao有上傳權(quán)限，xiu用戶不可以傳，該如何設置呢？ 如下
[root@centos7 ~]# setfacl -m u:xiu:rwx /samba/tools [root@centos7 ~]# getfacl /samba/tools getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names # file: samba/tools # owner: root # group: root user::rwx user:tao:rwx user:xiu:rwx # xiu用戶對文件也有rwx權(quán)限 group::r-x mask::rwx other::r-x [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.17/apps -U xiu # 系統(tǒng)用戶xiu登錄訪問 Enter xiu's password: Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 21:12:29 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40071 blocks available smb: \> lcd /etc smb: \> put issue # 上傳成功 putting file issue as \issue (4.2 kb/s) (average 4.2 kb/s) smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 21:28:02 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 issue A 90 Wed Oct 19 21:28:02 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40071 blocks available smb: \> ^C
編輯配置文件/etc/samba/smb.conf
重啟服務，訪問如下：
[root@centos7 samba]# systemctl restart smb # 重啟服務 [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.17/apps -U xiu # xiu用戶再次登錄 Enter xiu's password: Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 21:28:02 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 issue A 90 Wed Oct 19 21:28:02 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> lcd /etc smb: \> put fstab NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED opening remote file \fstab [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.17/apps -U tao # tao用戶可以上傳文件 Enter tao's password: Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 21:28:02 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 issue A 90 Wed Oct 19 21:28:02 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> lcd /etc smb: \> put fstab # 上傳成功 putting file fstab as \fstab (55.2 kb/s) (average 55.2 kb/s) smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 21:37:12 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 issue A 90 Wed Oct 19 21:28:02 2016 fstab A 1017 Wed Oct 19 21:37:12 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available
6.定義屬組，是屬組中的用戶都有寫權(quán)限
[root@centos7 ~]# groupadd distro [root@centos7 ~]# ll -d /samba/tools/ drwxrwxr-x+ 2 root root 30 Oct 19 21:37 /samba/tools/ [root@centos7 ~]# chgrp distro /samba/tools/ [root@centos7 ~]# ll -d /samba/tools/ drwxrwxr-x+ 2 root distro 30 Oct 19 21:37 /samba/tools/ [root@centos7 ~]# setfacl -b /samba/tools # 為了保證實驗，清空目錄的acl權(quán)限 [root@centos7 ~]# getfacl /samba/tools getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names # file: samba/tools # owner: root # group: distro user::rwx group::r-x other::r-x [root@centos7 ~]# chmod 775 /samba/tools/ # 設定目錄的屬組有寫權(quán)限 [root@centos7 ~]# ll -d /samba/tools/ drwxrwxr-x 2 root distro 30 Oct 19 22:23 /samba/tools/ [root@centos7 ~]# usermod -a -G distro tao [root@centos7 ~]# usermod -a -G distro xiu [root@centos7 ~]# id tao uid=1000(tao) gid=1000(tao) groups=1000(tao),2003(distro) [root@centos7 ~]# id xiu uid=1001(xiu) gid=2002(xiu) groups=2002(xiu),2003(distro)
編輯配置文件/etc/samba/smb.conf如下：
重啟服務，訪問如下：
[root@centos7 samba]# systemctl restart smb [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.17/apps -U xiu # 使用xiu用戶登錄 Enter xiu's password: Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 21:37:12 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 issue A 90 Wed Oct 19 21:28:02 2016 fstab A 1017 Wed Oct 19 21:37:12 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> pwd Current directory is \\192.168.1.17\apps\ smb: \> rm issue # 可以刪除 smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 22:22:30 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 fstab A 1017 Wed Oct 19 21:37:12 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> lcd /etc smb: \> put issue # 可以上傳 putting file issue as \issue (5.2 kb/s) (average 5.2 kb/s) smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 22:23:51 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 fstab A 1017 Wed Oct 19 21:37:12 2016 issue A 90 Wed Oct 19 22:23:51 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available #================================================================================== [root@centos7 ~]# gpasswd -d xiu distro # 把秀從組中移除 Removing user xiu from group distro [root@centos7 ~]# groupmems -g distro -l # 查看組成員 tao # 再次使用秀用戶登錄，發(fā)現(xiàn)不能上傳，如下 [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.17/apps -U xiu Enter xiu's password: Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 22:40:22 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 fstab A 1017 Wed Oct 19 21:37:12 2016 issue A 90 Wed Oct 19 22:40:22 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> pwd Current directory is \\192.168.1.17\apps\ smb: \> rm issue # 不能刪除 NT_STATUS_MEDIA_WRITE_PROTECTED deleting remote file \issue NT_STATUS_MEDIA_WRITE_PROTECTED listing \issue smb: \> lcd /etc smb: \> put issue # 不能上傳 NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED opening remote file \issue
7.使用mount.cifs訪問
[root@centos7 ~]# usermod -a -G distro xiu # 把xiu用戶加入到distro組中，即也有寫權(quán)限 [root@centos7 ~]# id xiu uid=1001(xiu) gid=2002(xiu) groups=2002(xiu),2003(distro) [root@centos7 ~]# ll -d /samba/tools/ drwxrwxr-x 2 root distro 63 Oct 19 23:24 /samba/tools/ # 使用mount -t cifs(mount.cifs)方式指明smb服務器，共享目錄，以及使用登陸的系統(tǒng)用戶和密碼 [root@CentOS6 ~]# mount -t cifs //192.168.1.17/apps/ /mnt -o username=xiu,password=134296 [root@CentOS6 ~]# mount # 查看掛載點 /dev/mapper/vg0-root on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) /dev/mapper/vg0-usr on /usr type ext4 (rw) /dev/mapper/vg0-var on /var type ext4 (rw) /dev/sda5 on /home type ext4 (rw,usrquota,grpquota) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) //192.168.1.17/apps/ on /mnt type cifs (rw) # 已經(jīng)掛載上了 [root@CentOS6 ~]# cd /mnt/ [root@CentOS6 mnt]# ls fstab issue [root@CentOS6 mnt]# echo taotaoxiuxiu > test.txt # 可見客戶端的root用戶對掛載點/mnt有寫權(quán)限 [root@CentOS6 mnt]# su - tao # 切換到一個普通用戶 [tao@CentOS6 ~]$ cd /mnt/ [tao@CentOS6 mnt]$ ls fstab issue test.txt [tao@CentOS6 mnt]$ cat test.txt taotaoxiuxiu [tao@CentOS6 mnt]$ echo nulixiangqian >> test.txt -bash: test.txt: Permission denied # 雖然在服務端系統(tǒng)用戶有寫權(quán)限（包括文件系統(tǒng)），但客戶單普通用戶對掛載點沒有寫權(quán)限
既然如此，我們就在本地創(chuàng)建一個目錄/data/apps專門作為掛載點，并賦予tao用戶rwx權(quán)限，看能否寫進去，如下：
# 創(chuàng)建掛載點目錄 [root@CentOS6 ~]# mkdir -pv /data/apps mkdir: created directory `/data' mkdir: created directory `/data/apps' #============================================================================= # 使tao用戶對此目錄有rwx權(quán)限 [root@CentOS6 ~]# setfacl -m u:tao:rwx /data/apps/ [root@CentOS6 ~]# getfacl /data/apps getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names # file: data/apps # owner: root # group: root user::rwx user:tao:rwx group::r-x mask::rwx other::r-x #============================================================================== # 掛載到/data/apps，切換到tao用戶，看能否寫 [root@CentOS6 ~]# mount -t cifs //192.168.1.17/apps/ /data/apps -o username=xiu,password=134296 [root@CentOS6 ~]# mount /dev/mapper/vg0-root on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) /dev/mapper/vg0-usr on /usr type ext4 (rw) /dev/mapper/vg0-var on /var type ext4 (rw) /dev/sda5 on /home type ext4 (rw,usrquota,grpquota) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) //192.168.1.17/apps/ on /data/apps type cifs (rw) [root@CentOS6 ~]# cd /data/apps/ [root@CentOS6 apps]# ll total 12 -rwxr--r-- 1 1000 1000 1017 Oct 19 2016 fstab -rwxr--r-- 1 1001 2002 90 Oct 19 2016 issue -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 2002 13 Oct 19 2016 test.txt [root@CentOS6 apps]# su - tao [tao@CentOS6 ~]$ cd /data/apps/ [tao@CentOS6 apps]$ ls fstab issue test.txt [tao@CentOS6 apps]$ echo nulizaiyiqi >> test.txt -bash: test.txt: Permission denied # 權(quán)限被拒絕
如上，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)還是被拒絕，這到底是為什么呢？這是因為遠程和客戶端用的是id映射，和用戶名無關(guān)，只和id號有關(guān)
[root@CentOS6 ~]# ll /data/apps/ # 客戶端顯示的屬主 total 12 -rwxr--r-- 1 1000 1000 1017 Oct 19 2016 fstab -rwxr--r-- 1 1001 2002 90 Oct 19 2016 issue -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 2002 13 Oct 19 2016 test.txt [root@centos7 ~]# id xiu uid=1001(xiu) gid=2002(xiu) groups=2002(xiu),2003(distro) [root@centos7 ~]# ll /samba/tools/ # 服務端顯示的屬主 total 12 -rwxr--r-- 1 tao tao 1017 Oct 19 21:37 fstab -rwxr--r-- 1 xiu xiu 90 Oct 19 22:40 issue -rw-r--r-- 1 xiu xiu 13 Oct 19 23:33 test.txt [root@CentOS6 ~]# useradd -u 1001 wang # 創(chuàng)建一個同服務端屬主id號相同的用戶 [root@CentOS6 ~]# su - wang [wang@CentOS6 ~]$ cd /data/apps/ [wang@CentOS6 apps]$ ls fstab issue test.txt [wang@CentOS6 apps]$ echo nulizaiyiqi >> test.txt # 寫操作成功 [wang@CentOS6 apps]$ cat test.txt taotaoxiuxiu nulizaiyiqi [wang@CentOS6 apps]$ ll total 12 -rwxr--r-- 1 1000 1000 1017 Oct 19 2016 fstab -rwxr--r-- 1 wang 2002 90 Oct 19 2016 issue -rw-r--r-- 1 wang 2002 25 Oct 20 2016 test.txt
總結(jié)：
1.用戶要想對共享的文件有寫權(quán)限，受限于兩個方面的因素：一是，共享文件服務器（ftp，samba）是否允許匿名用戶或者系統(tǒng)賬號有寫權(quán)限；另一個方面用戶對共享文件的文件系統(tǒng)是否有寫權(quán)限；只有二者同時滿足，用戶才有寫權(quán)限，才可以在共享文件目錄中上傳刪除文件；
2.對于smaba服務中，使用mount.cifs 掛載操作中的用戶，-o選項中指定的用戶直接產(chǎn)生映射關(guān)系；訪問掛載，是以-o選項指定的用戶身份運行，與本地用戶以ID產(chǎn)生映射,即必須使本地用戶的id號和-o選項指定用戶的id號相同才可以執(zhí)行寫操作（上面的第一點也要滿足）。
3）smbstatus命令：
★顯示samba服務的相關(guān)共享的訪問狀態(tài)信息；
-b：顯示簡要格式信息；
-v：顯示詳細格式信息；
演示
[root@centos7 ~]# smbstatus Samba version 4.2.3 PID Username Group Machine Protocol Version ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2228 xiu xiu 192.168.1.16 (ipv4:192.168.1.16:49088) NT1 # 掛載訪問 Service pid machine Connected at ------------------------------------------------------- IPC$ 2228 192.168.1.16 Wed Oct 19 23:57:47 2016 apps 2228 192.168.1.16 Wed Oct 19 23:57:47 2016 # 客戶端方式訪問 No locked files
簡要顯示 -b，和詳細顯示-v
[root@centos7 ~]# smbstatus -b Samba version 4.2.3 PID Username Group Machine Protocol Version ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2228 xiu xiu 192.168.1.16 (ipv4:192.168.1.16:49088) NT1 [root@centos7 ~]# smbstatus -v using configfile = /etc/samba/smb.conf Samba version 4.2.3 PID Username Group Machine Protocol Version ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2228 xiu xiu 192.168.1.16 (ipv4:192.168.1.16:49088) NT1 Opened /var/lib/samba/connections.tdb Service pid machine Connected at ------------------------------------------------------- IPC$ 2228 192.168.1.16 Wed Oct 19 23:57:47 2016 apps 2228 192.168.1.16 Wed Oct 19 23:57:47 2016 No locked files
免責聲明：本站發(fā)布的內(nèi)容（圖片、視頻和文字）以原創(chuàng)、轉(zhuǎn)載和分享為主，文章觀點不代表本網(wǎng)站立場，如果涉及侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系站長郵箱：is@yisu.com進行舉報，并提供相關(guān)證據(jù)，一經(jīng)查實，將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權(quán)內(nèi)容。
億速云公眾號
手機網(wǎng)站二維碼
