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這篇文章主要講解了“怎么使用Pyinstaller打包exe文件”,文中的講解內(nèi)容簡單清晰,易于學習與理解,下面請大家跟著小編的思路慢慢深入,一起來研究和學習“怎么使用Pyinstaller打包exe文件”吧!
使用Pyinstaller將Python腳本或者項目打包,生成可執(zhí)行的.exe文件。
Pyinstaller是一個很不錯的免費打包工具,支持Windows,Linux和MacOS,完美支持32位和64位系統(tǒng)。
除了Pyinstaller, 還可以使用py2exe進行打包
pip install pyinstaller
# 常用打包參數(shù) # -F -D互斥參數(shù) -F 打包成一個exe文件,小項目可以采用,打開比較慢,多個.py打包時不能使用 -D 默認參數(shù),打包結(jié)果放入到創(chuàng)建的文件夾中,可以看到里面有很多的依賴文件 # -w -c互斥參數(shù) -w 使用項目的GUI界面,無cmd控制臺 -c 默認參數(shù),使用cmd控制臺 如果打包文件執(zhí)行報錯,可嘗試用-c 顯示控制臺 -n 執(zhí)行項目的名稱,默認.py的文件名 -i 將ico圖標打包到exe文件中 --hidden-import 打包時導包信息 # 打包PyQt項目強烈建議 帶上以下參數(shù) --hidden-import PyQt5.sip # 打包命令示例 # 在項目的根目錄下執(zhí)行打包命令 pyinstaller -w xxx.py --hidden-import PyQt5.sip # 打包結(jié)果輸出在項目根目錄下的 dist文件夾中 # 不建議使用 -F打包成一個exe文件 所謂:打包一時爽,打開5秒鐘 # 非-F命令下, 靜態(tài)資源、建好的Sqlite數(shù)據(jù)庫可以直接放入dist中 生成的文件夾中
Pyinstaller只是將Python解釋器和腳本打包成一個可執(zhí)行文件, 不同于編譯成真正的機器碼。所以代碼的運行效率是降低的,只是解決了小白用戶的操作難度。
打包時會分析項目的依賴,并將相關(guān)的依賴打包進來,并進行加密處理
不同的操作系統(tǒng), 需要在不同的操作系統(tǒng)進行打包。
debug
控制臺debug
在本地運行成功, 建議在第一次打包exe時使用 -c命令,這樣可以在控制臺中顯示可能的報錯信息。
如果打包時沒有用-c不會出現(xiàn)控制臺或者控制臺一閃而過,看不到報錯信息, 可以在cmd命令行窗口執(zhí)行exe文件
fatal error faild to execute script file
Pyinstaller打包時有些庫沒有打包進去,可以將報錯信息中的庫通過 --hidden-import 報錯的包 的進行打包
pyinstaller 打包python3.6+PyQt5中各種錯誤的解決方案
依賴報錯
打包結(jié)果文件過大
幫助中的參數(shù)
>>> pyinstaller -h usage: pyinstaller [-h] [-v] [-D] [-F] [--specpath DIR] [-n NAME] [--add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>] [--add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>] [-p DIR] [--hidden-import MODULENAME] [--additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH] [--runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS] [--exclude-module EXCLUDES] [--key KEY] [-d {all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}] [-s] [--noupx] [--upx-exclude FILE] [-c] [-w] [-i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>] [--version-file FILE] [-m <FILE or XML>] [-r RESOURCE] [--uac-admin] [--uac-uiaccess] [--win-private-assemblies] [--win-no-prefer-redirects] [--osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER] [--runtime-tmpdir PATH] [--bootloader-ignore-signals] [--distpath DIR] [--workpath WORKPATH] [-y] [--upx-dir UPX_DIR] [-a] [--clean] [--log-level LEVEL] scriptname [scriptname ...] positional arguments: scriptname name of scriptfiles to be processed or exactly one .spec-file. If a .spec-file is specified, most options are unnecessary and are ignored. optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -v, --version Show program version info and exit. --distpath DIR Where to put the bundled app (default: .\dist) --workpath WORKPATH Where to put all the temporary work files, .log, .pyz and etc. (default: .\build) -y, --noconfirm Replace output directory (default: SPECPATH\dist\SPECNAME) without asking for confirmation --upx-dir UPX_DIR Path to UPX utility (default: search the execution path) -a, --ascii Do not include unicode encoding support (default: included if available) --clean Clean PyInstaller cache and remove temporary files before building. --log-level LEVEL Amount of detail in build-time console messages. LEVEL may be one of TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, CRITICAL (default: INFO). What to generate: -D, --onedir Create a one-folder bundle containing an executable (default) -F, --onefile Create a one-file bundled executable. --specpath DIR Folder to store the generated spec file (default: current directory) -n NAME, --name NAME Name to assign to the bundled app and spec file (default: first script's basename) What to bundle, where to search: --add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST> Additional non-binary files or folders to be added to the executable. The path separator is platform specific, ``os.pathsep`` (which is ``;`` on Windows and ``:`` on most unix systems) is used. This option can be used multiple times. --add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST> Additional binary files to be added to the executable. See the ``--add-data`` option for more details. This option can be used multiple times. -p DIR, --paths DIR A path to search for imports (like using PYTHONPATH). Multiple paths are allowed, separated by ';', or use this option multiple times --hidden-import MODULENAME, --hiddenimport MODULENAME Name an import not visible in the code of the script(s). This option can be used multiple times. --additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH An additional path to search for hooks. This option can be used multiple times. --runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS Path to a custom runtime hook file. A runtime hook is code that is bundled with the executable and is executed before any other code or module to set up special features of the runtime environment. This option can be used multiple times. --exclude-module EXCLUDES Optional module or package (the Python name, not the path name) that will be ignored (as though it was not found). This option can be used multiple times. --key KEY The key used to encrypt Python bytecode. How to generate: -d {all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}, --debug {all,imports,bootloader,noarchive} Provide assistance with debugging a frozen application. This argument may be provided multiple times to select several of the following options. - all: All three of the following options. - imports: specify the -v option to the underlying Python interpreter, causing it to print a message each time a module is initialized, showing the place (filename or built-in module) from which it is loaded. See https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#id4. - bootloader: tell the bootloader to issue progress messages while initializing and starting the bundled app. Used to diagnose problems with missing imports. - noarchive: instead of storing all frozen Python source files as an archive inside the resulting executable, store them as files in the resulting output directory. -s, --strip Apply a symbol-table strip to the executable and shared libs (not recommended for Windows) --noupx Do not use UPX even if it is available (works differently between Windows and *nix) --upx-exclude FILE Prevent a binary from being compressed when using upx. This is typically used if upx corrupts certain binaries during compression. FILE is the filename of the binary without path. This option can be used multiple times. Windows and Mac OS X specific options: -c, --console, --nowindowed Open a console window for standard i/o (default). On Windows this option will have no effect if the first script is a '.pyw' file. -w, --windowed, --noconsole Windows and Mac OS X: do not provide a console window for standard i/o. On Mac OS X this also triggers building an OS X .app bundle. On Windows this option will be set if the first script is a '.pyw' file. This option is ignored in *NIX systems. -i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>, --icon <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns> FILE.ico: apply that icon to a Windows executable. FILE.exe,ID, extract the icon with ID from an exe. FILE.icns: apply the icon to the .app bundle on Mac OS X Windows specific options: --version-file FILE add a version resource from FILE to the exe -m <FILE or XML>, --manifest <FILE or XML> add manifest FILE or XML to the exe -r RESOURCE, --resource RESOURCE Add or update a resource to a Windows executable. The RESOURCE is one to four items, FILE[,TYPE[,NAME[,LANGUAGE]]]. FILE can be a data file or an exe/dll. For data files, at least TYPE and NAME must be specified. LANGUAGE defaults to 0 or may be specified as wildcard * to update all resources of the given TYPE and NAME. For exe/dll files, all resources from FILE will be added/updated to the final executable if TYPE, NAME and LANGUAGE are omitted or specified as wildcard *.This option can be used multiple times. --uac-admin Using this option creates a Manifest which will request elevation upon application restart. --uac-uiaccess Using this option allows an elevated application to work with Remote Desktop. Windows Side-by-side Assembly searching options (advanced): --win-private-assemblies Any Shared Assemblies bundled into the application will be changed into Private Assemblies. This means the exact versions of these assemblies will always be used, and any newer versions installed on user machines at the system level will be ignored. --win-no-prefer-redirects While searching for Shared or Private Assemblies to bundle into the application, PyInstaller will prefer not to follow policies that redirect to newer versions, and will try to bundle the exact versions of the assembly. Mac OS X specific options: --osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER Mac OS X .app bundle identifier is used as the default unique program name for code signing purposes. The usual form is a hierarchical name in reverse DNS notation. For example: com.mycompany.department.appname (default: first script's basename) Rarely used special options: --runtime-tmpdir PATH Where to extract libraries and support files in `onefile`-mode. If this option is given, the bootloader will ignore any temp-folder location defined by the run-time OS. The ``_MEIxxxxxx``-folder will be created here. Please use this option only if you know what you are doing. --bootloader-ignore-signals Tell the bootloader to ignore signals rather than forwarding them to the child process. Useful in situations where e.g. a supervisor process signals both the bootloader and child (e.g. via a process group) to avoid signalling the child twice.
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