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本篇內(nèi)容主要講解“Objective-C之怎么使用Category實(shí)現(xiàn)分類”,感興趣的朋友不妨來看看。本文介紹的方法操作簡單快捷,實(shí)用性強(qiáng)。下面就讓小編來帶大家學(xué)習(xí)“Objective-C之怎么使用Category實(shí)現(xiàn)分類”吧!
在寫 Objective-C
代碼的時(shí)候,如果想給沒法獲得源碼的類增加一些方法,Category
即分類是一種很好的方法,本文將帶你了解分類是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)為類添加方法的。
先說結(jié)論,分類中的方法會在編譯時(shí)變成 category_t
結(jié)構(gòu)體的變量,在運(yùn)行時(shí)合并進(jìn)主類,分類中的方法會放在主類中方法的前面,主類中原有的方法不會被覆蓋。同時(shí),同名的分類方法,后編譯的分類方法會“覆蓋”先編譯的分類方法。
在編譯時(shí),所有我們寫的分類,都會轉(zhuǎn)化為 category_t
結(jié)構(gòu)體的變量,category_t
的源碼如下:
struct category_t { const char *name; // 分類名 classref_t cls; // 主類 WrappedPtr<method_list_t, PtrauthStrip> instanceMethods; // 實(shí)例方法 WrappedPtr<method_list_t, PtrauthStrip> classMethods; // 類方法 struct protocol_list_t *protocols; // 協(xié)議 struct property_list_t *instanceProperties; // 屬性 // Fields below this point are not always present on disk. struct property_list_t *_classProperties; // 類屬性 method_list_t *methodsForMeta(bool isMeta) { if (isMeta) return classMethods; else return instanceMethods; } property_list_t *propertiesForMeta(bool isMeta, struct header_info *hi); protocol_list_t *protocolsForMeta(bool isMeta) { if (isMeta) return nullptr; else return protocols; } };
這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體主要是用來存儲分類中可表現(xiàn)的信息,同時(shí)也從側(cè)面說明了分類是不能創(chuàng)建實(shí)例變量的。
map_images_nolock
是運(yùn)行時(shí)的開始,同時(shí)也決定了編譯順序?qū)Ψ诸惙椒ㄖg優(yōu)先級的影響,后編譯的分類方法會放在先編譯的前面:
void map_images_nolock(unsigned mhCount, const char * const mhPaths[], const struct mach_header * const mhdrs[]) { ... { uint32_t i = mhCount; while (i--) { // 讀取 header_info 的順序,決定了后編譯的分類方法會放在先編譯的前面 const headerType *mhdr = (const headerType *)mhdrs[i]; auto hi = addHeader(mhdr, mhPaths[i], totalClasses, unoptimizedTotalClasses); ...
在運(yùn)行時(shí),加載分類的起始方法是 loadAllCategories
,可以看到,該方法從 FirstHeader
開始,遍歷所有的 header_info
,并依次調(diào)用 load_categories_nolock
方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:
static void loadAllCategories() { mutex_locker_t lock(runtimeLock); for (auto *hi = FirstHeader; hi != NULL; hi = hi->getNext()) { load_categories_nolock(hi); } }
在 load_categories_nolock
方法中,會判斷類是不是 stubClass
切是否初始化完成,來決定分類到底附著在哪里,其實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:
static void load_categories_nolock(header_info *hi) { // 是否具有類屬性 bool hasClassProperties = hi->info()->hasCategoryClassProperties(); size_t count; auto processCatlist = [&](category_t * const *catlist) { // 獲取需要處理的分類列表 for (unsigned i = 0; i < count; i++) { category_t *cat = catlist[i]; Class cls = remapClass(cat->cls); // 獲取分類對應(yīng)的主類 locstamped_category_t lc{cat, hi}; if (!cls) { // 獲取不到主類(可能因?yàn)槿蹑溄樱^本次循環(huán) // Category's target class is missing (probably weak-linked). // Ignore the category. if (PrintConnecting) { _objc_inform("CLASS: IGNORING category \?\?\?(%s) %p with " "missing weak-linked target class", cat->name, cat); } continue; } // Process this category. if (cls->isStubClass()) { // 如果時(shí) stubClass,當(dāng)時(shí)無法確定元類對象是哪個(gè),所以先附著在 stubClass 本身上 // Stub classes are never realized. Stub classes // don't know their metaclass until they're // initialized, so we have to add categories with // class methods or properties to the stub itself. // methodizeClass() will find them and add them to // the metaclass as appropriate. if (cat->instanceMethods || cat->protocols || cat->instanceProperties || cat->classMethods || cat->protocols || (hasClassProperties && cat->_classProperties)) { objc::unattachedCategories.addForClass(lc, cls); } } else { // First, register the category with its target class. // Then, rebuild the class's method lists (etc) if // the class is realized. if (cat->instanceMethods || cat->protocols || cat->instanceProperties) { if (cls->isRealized()) { // 表示類對象已經(jīng)初始化完畢,會進(jìn)入合并方法。 attachCategories(cls, &lc, 1, ATTACH_EXISTING); } else { objc::unattachedCategories.addForClass(lc, cls); } } if (cat->classMethods || cat->protocols || (hasClassProperties && cat->_classProperties)) { if (cls->ISA()->isRealized()) { // 表示元類對象已經(jīng)初始化完畢,會進(jìn)入合并方法。 attachCategories(cls->ISA(), &lc, 1, ATTACH_EXISTING | ATTACH_METACLASS); } else { objc::unattachedCategories.addForClass(lc, cls->ISA()); } } } } }; processCatlist(hi->catlist(&count)); processCatlist(hi->catlist2(&count)); }
合并分類的方法是通過 attachCategories
方法進(jìn)行的,對方法、屬性和協(xié)議分別進(jìn)行附著。需要注意的是,在新版的運(yùn)行時(shí)方法中不是將方法放到 rw
中,而是新創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)叫做 rwe
的屬性,目的是為了節(jié)約內(nèi)存,方法的實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:
// Attach method lists and properties and protocols from categories to a class. // Assumes the categories in cats are all loaded and sorted by load order, // oldest categories first. static void attachCategories(Class cls, const locstamped_category_t *cats_list, uint32_t cats_count, int flags) { if (slowpath(PrintReplacedMethods)) { printReplacements(cls, cats_list, cats_count); } if (slowpath(PrintConnecting)) { _objc_inform("CLASS: attaching %d categories to%s class '%s'%s", cats_count, (flags & ATTACH_EXISTING) ? " existing" : "", cls->nameForLogging(), (flags & ATTACH_METACLASS) ? " (meta)" : ""); } /* * Only a few classes have more than 64 categories during launch. * This uses a little stack, and avoids malloc. * * Categories must be added in the proper order, which is back * to front. To do that with the chunking, we iterate cats_list * from front to back, build up the local buffers backwards, * and call attachLists on the chunks. attachLists prepends the * lists, so the final result is in the expected order. */ constexpr uint32_t ATTACH_BUFSIZ = 64; method_list_t *mlists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ]; property_list_t *proplists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ]; protocol_list_t *protolists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ]; uint32_t mcount = 0; uint32_t propcount = 0; uint32_t protocount = 0; bool fromBundle = NO; bool isMeta = (flags & ATTACH_METACLASS); // 是否是元類對象 auto rwe = cls->data()->extAllocIfNeeded(); // 為 rwe 生成分配存儲空間 for (uint32_t i = 0; i < cats_count; i++) { // 遍歷分類列表 auto& entry = cats_list[i]; method_list_t *mlist = entry.cat->methodsForMeta(isMeta); // 獲取實(shí)例方法或類方法列表 if (mlist) { if (mcount == ATTACH_BUFSIZ) { // 達(dá)到容器的容量上限時(shí) prepareMethodLists(cls, mlists, mcount, NO, fromBundle, __func__); // 準(zhǔn)備方法列表 rwe->methods.attachLists(mlists, mcount); // 附著方法到主類中 mcount = 0; } mlists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ - ++mcount] = mlist; // 將分類的方法列表放入準(zhǔn)備好的容器中 fromBundle |= entry.hi->isBundle(); } property_list_t *proplist = entry.cat->propertiesForMeta(isMeta, entry.hi); // 獲取對象屬性或類屬性列表 if (proplist) { if (propcount == ATTACH_BUFSIZ) { // 達(dá)到容器的容量上限時(shí)進(jìn)行附著 rwe->properties.attachLists(proplists, propcount); // 附著屬性到類或元類中 propcount = 0; } proplists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ - ++propcount] = proplist; } protocol_list_t *protolist = entry.cat->protocolsForMeta(isMeta); // 獲取協(xié)議列表 if (protolist) { if (protocount == ATTACH_BUFSIZ) { // 達(dá)到容器的容量上限時(shí)進(jìn)行附著 rwe->protocols.attachLists(protolists, protocount); // 附著遵守的協(xié)議到類或元類中 protocount = 0; } protolists[ATTACH_BUFSIZ - ++protocount] = protolist; } } // 將剩余的方法、屬性和協(xié)議進(jìn)行附著 if (mcount > 0) { prepareMethodLists(cls, mlists + ATTACH_BUFSIZ - mcount, mcount, NO, fromBundle, __func__); rwe->methods.attachLists(mlists + ATTACH_BUFSIZ - mcount, mcount); if (flags & ATTACH_EXISTING) { flushCaches(cls, __func__, [](Class c){ // constant caches have been dealt with in prepareMethodLists // if the class still is constant here, it's fine to keep return !c->cache.isConstantOptimizedCache(); }); } } rwe->properties.attachLists(proplists + ATTACH_BUFSIZ - propcount, propcount); rwe->protocols.attachLists(protolists + ATTACH_BUFSIZ - protocount, protocount); }
而真正進(jìn)行方法附著的 attachLists
方法,其作用是將分類的方法放置到類對象或元類對象中,且放在類和元類對象原有方法的前面,這也是為什么分類和類中如果出現(xiàn)同名的方法,會優(yōu)先調(diào)用分類的,也從側(cè)面說明了,原有的類中的方法其實(shí)并沒有被覆蓋:
void attachLists(List* const * addedLists, uint32_t addedCount) { if (addedCount == 0) return; // 數(shù)量為 0 直接返回 if (hasArray()) { // many lists -> many lists uint32_t oldCount = array()->count; // 原有的方法列表的個(gè)數(shù) uint32_t newCount = oldCount + addedCount; // 合并后的方法列表的個(gè)數(shù) array_t *newArray = (array_t *)malloc(array_t::byteSize(newCount)); // 創(chuàng)建新的數(shù)組 newArray->count = newCount; array()->count = newCount; for (int i = oldCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) newArray->lists[i + addedCount] = array()->lists[i]; // 將原有的方法,放到新創(chuàng)建的數(shù)組的最后面 for (unsigned i = 0; i < addedCount; i++) newArray->lists[i] = addedLists[i]; // 將分類中的方法,放到數(shù)組的前面 free(array()); // 釋放原有數(shù)組的內(nèi)存空間 setArray(newArray); // 將合并后的數(shù)組作為新的方法數(shù)組 validate(); } else if (!list && addedCount == 1) { // 如果原本不存在方法列表,直接替換 // 0 lists -> 1 list list = addedLists[0]; validate(); } else { // 如果原來只有一個(gè)列表,變?yōu)槎鄠€(gè),走這個(gè)邏輯 // 1 list -> many lists Ptr<List> oldList = list; uint32_t oldCount = oldList ? 1 : 0; uint32_t newCount = oldCount + addedCount; // 計(jì)算所有方法列表的個(gè)數(shù) setArray((array_t *)malloc(array_t::byteSize(newCount))); // 分配新的內(nèi)存空間并賦值 array()->count = newCount; if (oldList) array()->lists[addedCount] = oldList; // 將原有的方法,放到新創(chuàng)建的數(shù)組的最后面 for (unsigned i = 0; i < addedCount; i++) // 將分類中的方法,放到數(shù)組的前面 array()->lists[i] = addedLists[i]; validate(); } }
到此,相信大家對“Objective-C之怎么使用Category實(shí)現(xiàn)分類”有了更深的了解,不妨來實(shí)際操作一番吧!這里是億速云網(wǎng)站,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容可以進(jìn)入相關(guān)頻道進(jìn)行查詢,關(guān)注我們,繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)!
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