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這篇文章主要講解了“怎么使用python繪制3D圖案”,文中的講解內(nèi)容簡單清晰,易于學(xué)習(xí)與理解,下面請大家跟著小編的思路慢慢深入,一起來研究和學(xué)習(xí)“怎么使用python繪制3D圖案”吧!
# This import registers the 3D projection, but is otherwise unused. from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D # noqa: F401 unused import import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np # Fixing random state for reproducibility np.random.seed(19680801) def randrange(n, vmin, vmax): ''' Helper function to make an array of random numbers having shape (n, ) with each number distributed Uniform(vmin, vmax). ''' return (vmax - vmin)*np.random.rand(n) + vmin fig = plt.figure() ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d') n = 100 # For each set of style and range settings, plot n random points in the box # defined by x in [23, 32], y in [0, 100], z in [zlow, zhigh]. for m, zlow, zhigh in [('o', -50, -25), ('^', -30, -5)]: xs = randrange(n, 23, 32) ys = randrange(n, 0, 100) zs = randrange(n, zlow, zhigh) ax.scatter(xs, ys, zs, marker=m) ax.set_xlabel('X Label') ax.set_ylabel('Y Label') ax.set_zlabel('Z Label') plt.show()
輸出:
這個輸入的三個維度要求是三列長度一致的數(shù)據(jù),可以理解為3個length相等的list。
用上面的scatter或者下面這段直接plot也可以。
fig = plt.figure() ax = fig.gca(projection='3d') ax.plot(h, z, t, '.', alpha=0.5) plt.show()
輸出:
x = [12.7, 12.8, 12.9] y = [1, 2, 3, 4] temp = pd.DataFrame([[7,7,9,9],[2,3,4,5],[1,6,8,7]]).T X,Y = np.meshgrid(x,y) # 形成網(wǎng)格化的數(shù)據(jù) temp = np.array(temp) fig = plt.figure(figsize=(16, 16)) ax = fig.gca(projection='3d') ax.plot_surface(Y,X,temp,rcount=1, cmap=cm.plasma, linewidth=1, antialiased=False,alpha=0.5) #cm.plasma ax.set_xlabel('zone', color='b', fontsize=20) ax.set_ylabel('h3o', color='g', fontsize=20) ax.set_zlabel('Temperature', color='r', fontsize=20)
output:
這里x和y原本都是一維list,通過np.meshgrid可以將其形成4X3的二維數(shù)據(jù),如下圖所示:
而第三維,得是4X3的2維的數(shù)據(jù),才能進(jìn)行畫圖
from matplotlib.collections import PolyCollection import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from matplotlib import colors as mcolors import numpy as np axes=plt.axes(projection="3d") def colors(arg): return mcolors.to_rgba(arg, alpha=0.6) verts = [] z1 = [1, 2, 3, 4] x1 = np.arange(0, 10, 0.4) for z in z1: y1 = np.random.rand(len(x1)) y1[0], y1[-1] = 0, 0 verts.append(list(zip(x1, y1))) # print(verts) poly = PolyCollection(verts, facecolors=[colors('r'), colors('g'), colors('b'), colors('y')]) poly.set_alpha(0.7) axes.add_collection3d(poly, zs=z1, zdir='y') axes.set_xlabel('X') axes.set_xlim3d(0, 10) axes.set_ylabel('Y') axes.set_ylim3d(-1, 4) axes.set_zlabel('Z') axes.set_zlim3d(0, 1) axes.set_title("3D Waterfall plot") plt.show()
輸出:
這個的輸入我還沒有完全搞懂,導(dǎo)致我自己暫時不能復(fù)現(xiàn)到其他數(shù)據(jù),等以后懂了再回來補(bǔ)充。
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d import matplotlib.pyplot as plt fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots( 2, 1, figsize=(8, 12), subplot_kw={'projection': '3d'}) # Get the test data X, Y, Z = axes3d.get_test_data(0.05) # Give the first plot only wireframes of the type y = c ax1.plot_wireframe(X, Y, Z, rstride=10, cstride=0) ax1.set_title("Column (x) stride set to 0") # Give the second plot only wireframes of the type x = c ax2.plot_wireframe(X, Y, Z, rstride=0, cstride=10) ax2.set_title("Row (y) stride set to 0") plt.tight_layout() plt.show()
output:
與plot_surface的輸入格式一樣,X,Y原本為一維list,通過np.meshgrid形成網(wǎng)格化數(shù)據(jù)。Z為二維數(shù)據(jù)。其中注意調(diào)節(jié)rstride、cstride這兩個值實現(xiàn)行列間隔的調(diào)整。
自己試了下:
感謝各位的閱讀,以上就是“怎么使用python繪制3D圖案”的內(nèi)容了,經(jīng)過本文的學(xué)習(xí)后,相信大家對怎么使用python繪制3D圖案這一問題有了更深刻的體會,具體使用情況還需要大家實踐驗證。這里是億速云,小編將為大家推送更多相關(guān)知識點的文章,歡迎關(guān)注!
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