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本篇內(nèi)容介紹了“Java Bean轉(zhuǎn)Map的坑怎么解決”的有關(guān)知識(shí),在實(shí)際案例的操作過程中,不少人都會(huì)遇到這樣的困境,接下來就讓小編帶領(lǐng)大家學(xué)習(xí)一下如何處理這些情況吧!希望大家仔細(xì)閱讀,能夠?qū)W有所成!
有些業(yè)務(wù)場景下需要將 Java Bean 轉(zhuǎn)成 Map 再使用。
以為很簡單場景,但是坑很多。
import lombok.Data; import java.util.Date; @Data public class MockObject extends MockParent{ private Integer aInteger; private Long aLong; private Double aDouble; private Date aDate; }
父類
import lombok.Data; @Data public class MockParent { private Long parent; }
將 Java Bean 轉(zhuǎn) Map 最常見的手段就是使用 JSON 框架,如 fastjson 、 gson、jackson 等。 但使用 JSON 將 Java Bean 轉(zhuǎn) Map 會(huì)導(dǎo)致部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)類型丟失。 如使用 fastjson ,當(dāng)屬性為 Long 類型但數(shù)字小于 Integer 最大值時(shí),反序列成 Map 之后,將變?yōu)?Integer 類型。
maven 依賴:
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>2.0.8</version> </dependency>
示例代碼:
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON; import com.alibaba.fastjson.TypeReference; import java.util.Date; import java.util.Map; public class JsonDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { MockObject mockObject = new MockObject(); mockObject.setAInteger(1); mockObject.setALong(2L); mockObject.setADate(new Date()); mockObject.setADouble(3.4D); mockObject.setParent(3L); String json = JSON.toJSONString(mockObject); Map<String,Object> map = JSON.parseObject(json, new TypeReference<Map<String,Object>>(){}); System.out.println(map); } }
結(jié)果打?。?/p>
{"parent":3,"ADouble":3.4,"ALong":2,"AInteger":1,"ADate":1657299916477}
調(diào)試截圖:
通過 Java Visualizer 插件進(jìn)行可視化查看:
存在兩個(gè)問題 (1) 通過 fastjson 將 Java Bean 轉(zhuǎn)為 Map ,類型會(huì)發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變。 如 Long 變成 Integer ,Date 變成 Long, Double 變成 Decimal 類型等。 (2)在某些場景下,Map 的 key 并非和屬性名完全對應(yīng),像是通過 get set 方法“推斷”出來的屬性名。
maven 版本:
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-beanutils/commons-beanutils --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId> <artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId> <version>1.9.4</version> </dependency>
代碼示例:
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanMap; import third.fastjson.MockObject; import java.util.Date; public class BeanUtilsDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { MockObject mockObject = new MockObject(); mockObject.setAInteger(1); mockObject.setALong(2L); mockObject.setADate(new Date()); mockObject.setADouble(3.4D); mockObject.setParent(3L); BeanMap beanMap = new BeanMap(mockObject); System.out.println(beanMap); } }
調(diào)試截圖:
存在和 cglib 一樣的問題,雖然類型沒問題但是屬性名還是不對。
原因分析:
/** * Constructs a new <code>BeanMap</code> that operates on the * specified bean. If the given bean is <code>null</code>, then * this map will be empty. * * @param bean the bean for this map to operate on */ public BeanMap(final Object bean) { this.bean = bean; initialise(); }
關(guān)鍵代碼:
private void initialise() { if(getBean() == null) { return; } final Class<? extends Object> beanClass = getBean().getClass(); try { //BeanInfo beanInfo = Introspector.getBeanInfo( bean, null ); final BeanInfo beanInfo = Introspector.getBeanInfo( beanClass ); final PropertyDescriptor[] propertyDescriptors = beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors(); if ( propertyDescriptors != null ) { for (final PropertyDescriptor propertyDescriptor : propertyDescriptors) { if ( propertyDescriptor != null ) { final String name = propertyDescriptor.getName(); final Method readMethod = propertyDescriptor.getReadMethod(); final Method writeMethod = propertyDescriptor.getWriteMethod(); final Class<? extends Object> aType = propertyDescriptor.getPropertyType(); if ( readMethod != null ) { readMethods.put( name, readMethod ); } if ( writeMethod != null ) { writeMethods.put( name, writeMethod ); } types.put( name, aType ); } } } } catch ( final IntrospectionException e ) { logWarn( e ); } }
調(diào)試一下就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),問題出在 BeanInfo
里面 PropertyDescriptor
的 name 不正確。
經(jīng)過分析會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn) java.beans.Introspector#getTargetPropertyInfo
方法是字段解析的關(guān)鍵
對于無參的以 get 開頭的方法名從 index =3 處截取,如 getALong 截取后為 ALong, 如 getADouble 截取后為 ADouble。
然后去構(gòu)造 PropertyDescriptor
:
/** * Creates <code>PropertyDescriptor</code> for the specified bean * with the specified name and methods to read/write the property value. * * @param bean the type of the target bean * @param base the base name of the property (the rest of the method name) * @param read the method used for reading the property value * @param write the method used for writing the property value * @exception IntrospectionException if an exception occurs during introspection * * @since 1.7 */ PropertyDescriptor(Class<?> bean, String base, Method read, Method write) throws IntrospectionException { if (bean == null) { throw new IntrospectionException("Target Bean class is null"); } setClass0(bean); setName(Introspector.decapitalize(base)); setReadMethod(read); setWriteMethod(write); this.baseName = base; }
底層使用 java.beans.Introspector#decapitalize
進(jìn)行解析:
/** * Utility method to take a string and convert it to normal Java variable * name capitalization. This normally means converting the first * character from upper case to lower case, but in the (unusual) special * case when there is more than one character and both the first and * second characters are upper case, we leave it alone. * <p> * Thus "FooBah" becomes "fooBah" and "X" becomes "x", but "URL" stays * as "URL". * * @param name The string to be decapitalized. * @return The decapitalized version of the string. */ public static String decapitalize(String name) { if (name == null || name.length() == 0) { return name; } if (name.length() > 1 && Character.isUpperCase(name.charAt(1)) && Character.isUpperCase(name.charAt(0))){ return name; } char chars[] = name.toCharArray(); chars[0] = Character.toLowerCase(chars[0]); return new String(chars); }
從代碼中我們可以看出 (1) 當(dāng) name 的長度 > 1,且第一個(gè)字符和第二個(gè)字符都大寫時(shí),直接返回參數(shù)作為PropertyDescriptor
name。 (2) 否則將 name 轉(zhuǎn)為首字母小寫
這種處理本意是為了不讓屬性為類似 URL 這種縮略詞轉(zhuǎn)為 uRL ,結(jié)果“誤傷”了我們這種場景。
cglib 依賴
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/cglib/cglib --> <dependency> <groupId>cglib</groupId> <artifactId>cglib-nodep</artifactId> <version>3.2.12</version> </dependency>
代碼示例:
import net.sf.cglib.beans.BeanMap; import third.fastjson.MockObject; import java.util.Date; public class BeanMapDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { MockObject mockObject = new MockObject(); mockObject.setAInteger(1); mockObject.setALong(2L); mockObject.setADate(new Date()); mockObject.setADouble(3.4D); mockObject.setParent(3L); BeanMap beanMapp = BeanMap.create(mockObject); System.out.println(beanMapp); } }
結(jié)果展示:
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)類型對了,但是屬性名依然不對。
關(guān)鍵代碼: net.sf.cglib.core.ReflectUtils#getBeanGetters
底層也會(huì)用到 java.beans.Introspector#decapitalize
所以屬性名存在一樣的問題就不足為奇了。
解決方案有很多,本文提供一個(gè)基于 dubbo的解決方案。
maven 依賴:
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.dubbo/dubbo --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.dubbo</groupId> <artifactId>dubbo</artifactId> <version>3.0.9</version> </dependency>
示例代碼:
import org.apache.dubbo.common.utils.PojoUtils; import third.fastjson.MockObject; import java.util.Date; public class DubboPojoDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { MockObject mockObject = new MockObject(); mockObject.setAInteger(1); mockObject.setALong(2L); mockObject.setADate(new Date()); mockObject.setADouble(3.4D); mockObject.setParent(3L); Object generalize = PojoUtils.generalize(mockObject); System.out.println(generalize); } }
調(diào)試效果:
Java Visualizer 效果:
大家可以下載源碼來簡單研究下。 github.com/apache/dubb…
核心代碼: org.apache.dubbo.common.utils.PojoUtils#generalize(java.lang.Object)
public static Object generalize(Object pojo) { eturn generalize(pojo, new IdentityHashMap()); }
關(guān)鍵代碼:
// pojo 待轉(zhuǎn)換的對象 // history 緩存 Map,提高性能 private static Object generalize(Object pojo, Map<Object, Object> history) { if (pojo == null) { return null; } // 枚舉直接返回枚舉名 if (pojo instanceof Enum<?>) { return ((Enum<?>) pojo).name(); } // 枚舉數(shù)組,返回枚舉名數(shù)組 if (pojo.getClass().isArray() && Enum.class.isAssignableFrom(pojo.getClass().getComponentType())) { int len = Array.getLength(pojo); String[] values = new String[len]; for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { values[i] = ((Enum<?>) Array.get(pojo, i)).name(); } return values; } // 基本類型返回 pojo 自身 if (ReflectUtils.isPrimitives(pojo.getClass())) { return pojo; } // Class 返回 name if (pojo instanceof Class) { return ((Class) pojo).getName(); } Object o = history.get(pojo); if (o != null) { return o; } history.put(pojo, pojo); // 數(shù)組類型,遞歸 if (pojo.getClass().isArray()) { int len = Array.getLength(pojo); Object[] dest = new Object[len]; history.put(pojo, dest); for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { Object obj = Array.get(pojo, i); dest[i] = generalize(obj, history); } return dest; } // 集合類型遞歸 if (pojo instanceof Collection<?>) { Collection<Object> src = (Collection<Object>) pojo; int len = src.size(); Collection<Object> dest = (pojo instanceof List<?>) ? new ArrayList<Object>(len) : new HashSet<Object>(len); history.put(pojo, dest); for (Object obj : src) { dest.add(generalize(obj, history)); } return dest; } // Map 類型,直接 對 key 和 value 處理 if (pojo instanceof Map<?, ?>) { Map<Object, Object> src = (Map<Object, Object>) pojo; Map<Object, Object> dest = createMap(src); history.put(pojo, dest); for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> obj : src.entrySet()) { dest.put(generalize(obj.getKey(), history), generalize(obj.getValue(), history)); } return dest; } Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>(); history.put(pojo, map); // 開啟生成 class 則寫入 pojo 的class if (GENERIC_WITH_CLZ) { map.put("class", pojo.getClass().getName()); } // 處理 get 方法 for (Method method : pojo.getClass().getMethods()) { if (ReflectUtils.isBeanPropertyReadMethod(method)) { ReflectUtils.makeAccessible(method); try { map.put(ReflectUtils.getPropertyNameFromBeanReadMethod(method), generalize(method.invoke(pojo), history)); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e); } } } // 處理公有屬性 for (Field field : pojo.getClass().getFields()) { if (ReflectUtils.isPublicInstanceField(field)) { try { Object fieldValue = field.get(pojo); // 對象已經(jīng)解析過,直接從緩存里讀提高性能 if (history.containsKey(pojo)) { Object pojoGeneralizedValue = history.get(pojo); // 已經(jīng)解析過該屬性則跳過(如公有屬性,且有 get 方法的情況) if (pojoGeneralizedValue instanceof Map && ((Map) pojoGeneralizedValue).containsKey(field.getName())) { continue; } } if (fieldValue != null) { map.put(field.getName(), generalize(fieldValue, history)); } } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e); } } } return map; }
關(guān)鍵截圖
org.apache.dubbo.common.utils.ReflectUtils#getPropertyNameFromBeanReadMethod
public static String getPropertyNameFromBeanReadMethod(Method method) { if (isBeanPropertyReadMethod(method)) { // get 方法,則從 index =3 的字符小寫 + 后面的字符串 if (method.getName().startsWith("get")) { return method.getName().substring(3, 4).toLowerCase() + method.getName().substring(4); } // is 開頭方法, index =2 的字符小寫 + 后面的字符串 if (method.getName().startsWith("is")) { return method.getName().substring(2, 3).toLowerCase() + method.getName().substring(3); } } return null; }
因此, getALong 方法對應(yīng)的屬性名被解析為 aLong。
同時(shí),這么處理也會(huì)存在問題。如當(dāng)屬性名叫 URL 時(shí),轉(zhuǎn)為 Map 后 key 就會(huì)被解析成 uRL。
從這里看出,當(dāng)屬性名比較特殊時(shí)也很容易出問題,但 dubbo 這個(gè)工具類更符合我們的預(yù)期。 如果想嚴(yán)格和屬性保持一致,可以使用反射獲取屬性名和屬性值,加緩存機(jī)制提升解析的效率。
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