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本篇內(nèi)容主要講解“angular狀態(tài)管理器NgRx怎么用”,感興趣的朋友不妨來看看。本文介紹的方法操作簡單快捷,實用性強(qiáng)。下面就讓小編來帶大家學(xué)習(xí)“angular狀態(tài)管理器NgRx怎么用”吧!
NgRx 是 Angular 應(yīng)用中實現(xiàn)全局狀態(tài)管理的 Redux 架構(gòu)解決方案。
@ngrx/store:全局狀態(tài)管理模塊
@ngrx/effects:處理副作用
@ngrx/store-devtools:瀏覽器調(diào)試工具,需要依賴 Redux Devtools Extension
@ngrx/schematics:命令行工具,快速生成 NgRx 文件
@ngrx/entity:提高開發(fā)者在 Reducer 中操作數(shù)據(jù)的效率
@ngrx/router-store:將路由狀態(tài)同步到全局 Store
1、下載 NgRx
npm install @ngrx/store @ngrx/effects @ngrx/entity @ngrx/router-store @ngrx/store-devtools @ngrx/schematics
2、配置 NgRx CLI
ng config cli.defaultCollection @ngrx/schematics
// angular.json "cli": { "defaultCollection": "@ngrx/schematics" }
3、創(chuàng)建 Store
ng g store State --root --module app.module.ts --statePath store --stateInterface AppState
4、創(chuàng)建 Action
ng g action store/actions/counter --skipTests
import { createAction } from "@ngrx/store" export const increment = createAction("increment") export const decrement = createAction("decrement")
5、創(chuàng)建 Reducer
ng g reducer store/reducers/counter --skipTests --reducers=../index.ts
import { createReducer, on } from "@ngrx/store" import { decrement, increment } from "../actions/counter.actions" export const counterFeatureKey = "counter" export interface State { count: number } export const initialState: State = { count: 0 } export const reducer = createReducer( initialState, on(increment, state => ({ count: state.count + 1 })), on(decrement, state => ({ count: state.count - 1 })) )
6、創(chuàng)建 Selector
ng g selector store/selectors/counter --skipTests
import { createFeatureSelector, createSelector } from "@ngrx/store" import { counterFeatureKey, State } from "../reducers/counter.reducer" import { AppState } from ".." export const selectCounter = createFeatureSelector<AppState, State>(counterFeatureKey) export const selectCount = createSelector(selectCounter, state => state.count)
7、組件類觸發(fā) Action、獲取狀態(tài)
import { select, Store } from "@ngrx/store" import { Observable } from "rxjs" import { AppState } from "./store" import { decrement, increment } from "./store/actions/counter.actions" import { selectCount } from "./store/selectors/counter.selectors" export class AppComponent { count: Observable<number> constructor(private store: Store<AppState>) { this.count = this.store.pipe(select(selectCount)) } increment() { this.store.dispatch(increment()) } decrement() { this.store.dispatch(decrement()) } }
8、組件模板顯示狀態(tài)
<button (click)="increment()">+</button> <span>{{ count | async }}</span> <button (click)="decrement()">-</button>
1、在組件中使用 dispatch 觸發(fā) Action 時傳遞參數(shù),參數(shù)最終會被放置在 Action 對象中。
this.store.dispatch(increment({ count: 5 }))
2、在創(chuàng)建 Action Creator 函數(shù)時,獲取參數(shù)并指定參數(shù)類型。
import { createAction, props } from "@ngrx/store" export const increment = createAction("increment", props<{ count: number }>())
export declare function props<P extends object>(): Props<P>;
3、在 Reducer 中通過 Action 對象獲取參數(shù)。
export const reducer = createReducer( initialState, on(increment, (state, action) => ({ count: state.count + action.count })) )
metaReducer 是 Action -> Reducer 之間的鉤子,允許開發(fā)者對 Action 進(jìn)行預(yù)處理 (在普通 Reducer 函數(shù)調(diào)用之前調(diào)用)。
function debug(reducer: ActionReducer<any>): ActionReducer<any> { return function (state, action) { return reducer(state, action) } } export const metaReducers: MetaReducer<AppState>[] = !environment.production ? [debug] : []
需求:在頁面中新增一個按鈕,點擊按鈕后延遲一秒讓數(shù)值增加。
1、在組件模板中新增一個用于異步數(shù)值增加的按鈕,按鈕被點擊后執(zhí)行 increment_async
方法
<button (click)="increment_async()">async</button>
2、在組件類中新增 increment_async
方法,并在方法中觸發(fā)執(zhí)行異步操作的 Action
increment_async() { this.store.dispatch(increment_async()) }
3、在 Action 文件中新增執(zhí)行異步操作的 Action
export const increment_async = createAction("increment_async")
4、創(chuàng)建 Effect,接收 Action 并執(zhí)行副作用,繼續(xù)觸發(fā) Action
ng g effect store/effects/counter --root --module app.module.ts --skipTests
Effect 功能由 @ngrx/effects 模塊提供,所以在根模塊中需要導(dǎo)入相關(guān)的模塊依賴
import { Injectable } from "@angular/core" import { Actions, createEffect, ofType } from "@ngrx/effects" import { increment, increment_async } from "../actions/counter.actions" import { mergeMap, map } from "rxjs/operators" import { timer } from "rxjs" // createEffect // 用于創(chuàng)建 Effect, Effect 用于執(zhí)行副作用. // 調(diào)用方法時傳遞回調(diào)函數(shù), 回調(diào)函數(shù)中返回 Observable 對象, 對象中要發(fā)出副作用執(zhí)行完成后要觸發(fā)的 Action 對象 // 回調(diào)函數(shù)的返回值在 createEffect 方法內(nèi)部被繼續(xù)返回, 最終返回值被存儲在了 Effect 類的屬性中 // NgRx 在實例化 Effect 類后, 會訂閱 Effect 類屬性, 當(dāng)副作用執(zhí)行完成后它會獲取到要觸發(fā)的 Action 對象并觸發(fā)這個 Action // Actions // 當(dāng)組件觸發(fā) Action 時, Effect 需要通過 Actions 服務(wù)接收 Action, 所以在 Effect 類中通過 constructor 構(gòu)造函數(shù)參數(shù)的方式將 Actions 服務(wù)類的實例對象注入到 Effect 類中 // Actions 服務(wù)類的實例對象為 Observable 對象, 當(dāng)有 Action 被觸發(fā)時, Action 對象本身會作為數(shù)據(jù)流被發(fā)出 // ofType // 對目標(biāo) Action 對象進(jìn)行過濾. // 參數(shù)為目標(biāo) Action 的 Action Creator 函數(shù) // 如果未過濾出目標(biāo) Action 對象, 本次不會繼續(xù)發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)流 // 如果過濾出目標(biāo) Action 對象, 會將 Action 對象作為數(shù)據(jù)流繼續(xù)發(fā)出 @Injectable() export class CounterEffects { constructor(private actions: Actions) { // this.loadCount.subscribe(console.log) } loadCount = createEffect(() => { return this.actions.pipe( ofType(increment_async), mergeMap(() => timer(1000).pipe(map(() => increment({ count: 10 })))) ) }) }
1、概述
Entity 譯為實體,實體就是集合中的一條數(shù)據(jù)。
NgRx 中提供了實體適配器對象,在實體適配器對象下面提供了各種操作集合中實體的方法,目的就是提高開發(fā)者操作實體的效率。
2、核心
1、EntityState:實體類型接口
/* { ids: [1, 2], entities: { 1: { id: 1, title: "Hello Angular" }, 2: { id: 2, title: "Hello NgRx" } } } */ export interface State extends EntityState<Todo> {}
2、createEntityAdapter: 創(chuàng)建實體適配器對象
3、EntityAdapter:實體適配器對象類型接口
export const adapter: EntityAdapter<Todo> = createEntityAdapter<Todo>() // 獲取初始狀態(tài) 可以傳遞對象參數(shù) 也可以不傳 // {ids: [], entities: {}} export const initialState: State = adapter.getInitialState()
3、實例方法
https://ngrx.io/guide/entity/adapter#adapter-collection-methods
4、選擇器
// selectTotal 獲取數(shù)據(jù)條數(shù) // selectAll 獲取所有數(shù)據(jù) 以數(shù)組形式呈現(xiàn) // selectEntities 獲取實體集合 以字典形式呈現(xiàn) // selectIds 獲取id集合, 以數(shù)組形式呈現(xiàn) const { selectIds, selectEntities, selectAll, selectTotal } = adapter.getSelectors();
export const selectTodo = createFeatureSelector<AppState, State>(todoFeatureKey) export const selectTodos = createSelector(selectTodo, selectAll)
1、同步路由狀態(tài)
1)引入模塊
import { StoreRouterConnectingModule } from "@ngrx/router-store" @NgModule({ imports: [ StoreRouterConnectingModule.forRoot() ] }) export class AppModule {}
2)將路由狀態(tài)集成到 Store
import * as fromRouter from "@ngrx/router-store" export interface AppState { router: fromRouter.RouterReducerState } export const reducers: ActionReducerMap<AppState> = { router: fromRouter.routerReducer }
2、創(chuàng)建獲取路由狀態(tài)的 Selector
// router.selectors.ts import { createFeatureSelector } from "@ngrx/store" import { AppState } from ".." import { RouterReducerState, getSelectors } from "@ngrx/router-store" const selectRouter = createFeatureSelector<AppState, RouterReducerState>( "router" ) export const { // 獲取和當(dāng)前路由相關(guān)的信息 (路由參數(shù)、路由配置等) selectCurrentRoute, // 獲取地址欄中 # 號后面的內(nèi)容 selectFragment, // 獲取路由查詢參數(shù) selectQueryParams, // 獲取具體的某一個查詢參數(shù) selectQueryParam('name') selectQueryParam, // 獲取動態(tài)路由參數(shù) selectRouteParams, // 獲取某一個具體的動態(tài)路由參數(shù) selectRouteParam('name') selectRouteParam, // 獲取路由自定義數(shù)據(jù) selectRouteData, // 獲取路由的實際訪問地址 selectUrl } = getSelectors(selectRouter)
// home.component.ts import { select, Store } from "@ngrx/store" import { AppState } from "src/app/store" import { selectQueryParams } from "src/app/store/selectors/router.selectors" export class AboutComponent { constructor(private store: Store<AppState>) { this.store.pipe(select(selectQueryParams)).subscribe(console.log) } }
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