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本篇內(nèi)容主要講解“Go語言中的鏈表怎么使用”,感興趣的朋友不妨來看看。本文介紹的方法操作簡(jiǎn)單快捷,實(shí)用性強(qiáng)。下面就讓小編來帶大家學(xué)習(xí)“Go語言中的鏈表怎么使用”吧!
鏈表是一種物理存儲(chǔ)單元上非連續(xù)、非順序的存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),數(shù)據(jù)元素的邏輯順序是通過鏈表中的指針鏈接次序?qū)崿F(xiàn)的。
鏈表由一系列結(jié)點(diǎn)(鏈表中每一個(gè)元素稱為結(jié)點(diǎn))組成,結(jié)點(diǎn)可以在運(yùn)行時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)生成。每個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)包括兩個(gè)部分:一個(gè)是存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)元素的數(shù)據(jù)域,另一個(gè)是存儲(chǔ)下一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)地址的指針域。
使用鏈表結(jié)構(gòu)可以避免在使用數(shù)組時(shí)需要預(yù)先知道數(shù)據(jù)大小的缺點(diǎn),鏈表結(jié)構(gòu)可以充分利用計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)存空間,實(shí)現(xiàn)靈活的內(nèi)存動(dòng)態(tài)管理。但是鏈表失去了數(shù)組隨機(jī)讀取的優(yōu)點(diǎn),同時(shí)鏈表由于增加了結(jié)點(diǎn)的指針域,空間開銷比較大。
鏈表允許插入和移除表上任意位置上的結(jié)點(diǎn),但是不允許隨機(jī)存取。
鏈表有三種類型:?jiǎn)蜗蜴湵?、雙向鏈表、循環(huán)鏈表。
單向鏈表中每個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)包含兩部分,分別是數(shù)據(jù)域和指針域,上一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)的指針指向下一結(jié)點(diǎn),依次相連,形成鏈表。
鏈表通過指針將一組零散的內(nèi)存塊串聯(lián)在一起,這里的內(nèi)存塊稱為鏈表的結(jié)點(diǎn)。為了將這些節(jié)點(diǎn)給串起來,每個(gè)鏈表的結(jié)點(diǎn)除了存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)之外,還會(huì)記錄下一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)的指針(即下一個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)的地址),這個(gè)指針稱為:后繼指針
利用 Struct 可以包容多種數(shù)據(jù)類型的特性
一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體內(nèi)可以包含若干成員,這些成員可以是基本類型、自定義類型、數(shù)組類型,也可以是指針類型。
struct 定義的三種形式,其中2和3都是返回結(jié)構(gòu)體的指針
//定義 var stu Student var stu *Student = new(Student) var stu *Student = &Student {} //調(diào)用 stu.Name stu.Age stu.Score 或 (*stu).Name (*stu).Age (*stu).Score
定義一個(gè)單項(xiàng)鏈表
next 是指針類型的屬性,指向 Student struct 類型數(shù)據(jù),也就是下一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)類型
type Student struct { Name string Age int Score float32 next *Student }
為鏈表賦值,并遍歷鏈表中的每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)
package main import "fmt" type Student struct { Name string Age int Score float32 next *Student //存放下一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體的地址,用*直接指向下一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體 } func main() { //頭部結(jié)構(gòu)體 var head Student head.Name = "張三" head.Age = 28 head.Score = 88 //第二個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體節(jié)點(diǎn) var stu1 Student stu1.Name = "李四" stu1.Age = 25 stu1.Score = 100 head.next = &stu1 //第三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體節(jié)點(diǎn) var stu2 Student stu2.Name = "王五" stu2.Age = 18 stu2.Score = 60 stu1.next = &stu2 Req(&head) } func Req(tmp *Student) { //tmp指針是指向下一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體的地址,加*就是下一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體 for tmp != nil { //遍歷輸出鏈表中每個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體,判斷是否為空 fmt.Println(*tmp) tmp = tmp.next //tmp變更為下一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體地址 } } //輸出結(jié)果如下 {張三 28 88 0xc000114480} {李四 25 100 0xc0001144b0} {王五 18 60 <nil>}
方法一
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" ) type Student struct { Name string Age int Score float32 next *Student } func main() { //頭部結(jié)構(gòu)體 var head Student head.Name = "head" head.Age = 28 head.Score = 88 //第二個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體節(jié)點(diǎn) var stu1 Student stu1.Name = "stu1" stu1.Age = 25 stu1.Score = 100 head.next = &stu1 //頭部指向第一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體 //第三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體節(jié)點(diǎn) var stu2 Student stu2.Name = "stu2" stu2.Age = 18 stu2.Score = 60 stu1.next = &stu2 //第一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體指向第二個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體 //第四個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體節(jié)點(diǎn) var stu3 Student stu3.Name = "stu3" stu3.Age = 18 stu3.Score = 80 stu2.next = &stu3 //第二個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體指向第三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體 //聲明變量 var tail = &stu3 for i := 4; i < 10; i++ { //定義節(jié)點(diǎn) var stu Student = Student{ Name: fmt.Sprintf("stu%d", i), Age: rand.Intn(100), Score: rand.Float32() * 100, } //生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)體串聯(lián) tail.next = &stu tail = &stu } Req(&head) } func Req(tmp *Student) { for tmp != nil { fmt.Println(*tmp) tmp = tmp.next } } //輸出結(jié)果如下 {head 28 88 0xc0001144b0} {stu1 25 100 0xc0001144e0} {stu2 18 60 0xc000114510} {stu3 18 80 0xc000114540} {stu4 81 94.05091 0xc000114570} {stu5 47 43.77142 0xc0001145a0} {stu6 81 68.682304 0xc0001145d0} {stu7 25 15.651925 0xc000114600} {stu8 56 30.091187 0xc000114630} {stu9 94 81.36399 <nil>}
方法二,使用函數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" ) type Student struct { Name string Age int Score float32 next *Student } func main() { //頭部結(jié)構(gòu)體 var head Student head.Name = "head" head.Age = 28 head.Score = 88 TailInsert(&head) Req(&head) } //循環(huán)遍歷 func Req(tmp *Student) { for tmp != nil { fmt.Println(*tmp) tmp = tmp.next } } //添加結(jié)構(gòu)體節(jié)點(diǎn) func TailInsert(tail *Student) { for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { //定義節(jié)點(diǎn) var stu Student = Student{ Name: fmt.Sprintf("stu%d", i), Age: rand.Intn(100), Score: rand.Float32() * 100, } //生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)體串聯(lián) tail.next = &stu //指向下一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)體 tail = &stu //把當(dāng)前的結(jié)構(gòu)體給tail,讓其繼續(xù)循環(huán) } } //輸出結(jié)果如下 {head 28 88 0xc0001144b0} {stu0 81 94.05091 0xc0001144e0} {stu1 47 43.77142 0xc000114510} {stu2 81 68.682304 0xc000114540} {stu3 25 15.651925 0xc000114570} {stu4 56 30.091187 0xc0001145a0} {stu5 94 81.36399 0xc0001145d0} {stu6 62 38.06572 0xc000114600} {stu7 28 46.888985 0xc000114630} {stu8 11 29.310184 0xc000114660} {stu9 37 21.855305 <nil>}
方法一
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" ) type Student struct { Name string Age int Score float32 next *Student } func main() { //頭部結(jié)構(gòu)體 var head Student head.Name = "head" head.Age = 28 head.Score = 88 //調(diào)用頭部插入函數(shù) HeadInsert(&head) Req(HeadInsert(&head)) } func Req(tmp *Student) { for tmp != nil { fmt.Println(*tmp) tmp = tmp.next } } func HeadInsert(p *Student) *Student { for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { var stu = Student{ Name: fmt.Sprintf("stu%d", i), Age: rand.Intn(100), Score: rand.Float32() * 100, } //當(dāng)前新節(jié)點(diǎn)指向head,因?yàn)閔ead是下一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn) stu.next = p //指向下一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn) p = &stu //把當(dāng)前的結(jié)構(gòu)體給tail,讓其繼續(xù)循環(huán) } return p } //輸出結(jié)果如下 {stu9 85 30.152267 0xc000094840} {stu8 37 5.912065 0xc000094810} {stu7 29 7.9453626 0xc0000947e0} {stu6 87 60.72534 0xc0000947b0} {stu5 41 2.8303082 0xc000094780} {stu4 90 69.67192 0xc000094750} {stu3 87 20.658266 0xc000094720} {stu2 47 29.708258 0xc0000946f0} {stu1 28 86.249146 0xc0000946c0} {stu0 95 36.08714 0xc0000944b0} {head 28 88 <nil>}
方法二
使用指針的指針
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" ) type Student struct { Name string Age int Score float32 next *Student } func main() { //頭部結(jié)構(gòu)體 var head *Student = &Student{} head.Name = "head" head.Age = 28 head.Score = 88 //調(diào)用頭部插入函數(shù) HeadInsert(&head) Req(head) } func Req(tmp *Student) { for tmp != nil { fmt.Println(*tmp) tmp = tmp.next } } func HeadInsert(p **Student) { for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { var stu = Student{ Name: fmt.Sprintf("stu%d", i), Age: rand.Intn(100), Score: rand.Float32() * 100, } //當(dāng)前新節(jié)點(diǎn)指向head,因?yàn)閔ead是下一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn) stu.next = *p //指向下一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn) *p = &stu //把當(dāng)前的結(jié)構(gòu)體給tail,讓其繼續(xù)循環(huán) } } //輸出結(jié)果如下 {stu9 37 21.855305 0xc000114660} {stu8 11 29.310184 0xc000114630} {stu7 28 46.888985 0xc000114600} {stu6 62 38.06572 0xc0001145d0} {stu5 94 81.36399 0xc0001145a0} {stu4 56 30.091187 0xc000114570} {stu3 25 15.651925 0xc000114540} {stu2 81 68.682304 0xc000114510} {stu1 47 43.77142 0xc0001144e0} {stu0 81 94.05091 0xc0001144b0} {head 28 88 <nil>}
總結(jié)
如果想要外部的數(shù)據(jù)和函數(shù)處理結(jié)果進(jìn)行同步,兩種方法:
① 傳參,傳遞指針
② return 進(jìn)行值的返回
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" ) type Student struct { Name string Age int Score float32 next *Student } func main() { //頭部結(jié)構(gòu)體 var head *Student = &Student{} //定義指針類型 head.Name = "head" head.Age = 28 head.Score = 88 //定義新的節(jié)點(diǎn) var newNode *Student = &Student{} //定義指針類型 newNode.Name = "newNode" newNode.Age = 19 newNode.Score = 78 HeadInsert(&head) //指定位置插入函數(shù) Add(head, newNode) Req(head) } func Req(tmp *Student) { for tmp != nil { fmt.Println(*tmp) tmp = tmp.next } } func HeadInsert(p **Student) { //傳入指針的指針 for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { var stu = Student{ Name: fmt.Sprintf("stu%d", i), Age: rand.Intn(100), Score: rand.Float32() * 100, } //當(dāng)前新節(jié)點(diǎn)指向head,因?yàn)閔ead是下一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn) stu.next = *p //指向下一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn) *p = &stu //把當(dāng)前的結(jié)構(gòu)體給tail,讓其繼續(xù)循環(huán) } } //p為當(dāng)前節(jié)點(diǎn),newnode為插入的節(jié)點(diǎn) func Add(p *Student, newNode *Student) { for p != nil { if p.Name == "stu6" { //對(duì)接下一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn) newNode.next = p.next p.next = newNode } //插入節(jié)點(diǎn)指向下一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn) p = p.next //p.next賦予給p,繼續(xù)進(jìn)行循環(huán)遍歷 } } //輸出結(jié)果如下 {stu9 37 21.855305 0xc0000c0660} {stu8 11 29.310184 0xc0000c0630} {stu7 28 46.888985 0xc0000c0600} {stu6 62 38.06572 0xc0000c04b0} {newNode 19 78 0xc0000c05d0} {stu5 94 81.36399 0xc0000c05a0} {stu4 56 30.091187 0xc0000c0570} {stu3 25 15.651925 0xc0000c0540} {stu2 81 68.682304 0xc0000c0510} {stu1 47 43.77142 0xc0000c04e0} {stu0 81 94.05091 0xc0000c0480} {head 28 88 <nil>}
package main import ( "fmt" "math/rand" ) type Student struct { Name string Age int Score float32 next *Student } func main() { //頭部結(jié)構(gòu)體 var head *Student = &Student{} //定義指針類型 head.Name = "head" head.Age = 28 head.Score = 88 //定義新的節(jié)點(diǎn) var newNode *Student = &Student{} //定義指針類型 newNode.Name = "newNode" newNode.Age = 19 newNode.Score = 78 HeadInsert(&head) //指定位置插入函數(shù) Add(head, newNode) //刪除節(jié)點(diǎn) del(head) Req(head) } func Req(tmp *Student) { for tmp != nil { fmt.Println(*tmp) tmp = tmp.next } } func HeadInsert(p **Student) { //傳入指針的指針 for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { var stu = Student{ Name: fmt.Sprintf("stu%d", i), Age: rand.Intn(100), Score: rand.Float32() * 100, } //當(dāng)前新節(jié)點(diǎn)指向head,因?yàn)閔ead是下一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn) stu.next = *p //指向下一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn) *p = &stu //把當(dāng)前的結(jié)構(gòu)體給tail,讓其繼續(xù)循環(huán) } } //p為當(dāng)前節(jié)點(diǎn),newnode為插入的節(jié)點(diǎn) func Add(p *Student, newNode *Student) { for p != nil { if p.Name == "stu6" { //對(duì)接下一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn) newNode.next = p.next p.next = newNode } //插入節(jié)點(diǎn)指向下一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn) p = p.next //p.next賦予給p,繼續(xù)進(jìn)行循環(huán)遍歷 } } //刪除節(jié)點(diǎn) func del(p *Student) { var prev *Student = p //p=head prev=head ——》prev=p for p != nil { if p.Name == "newNode" { prev.next = p.next break } prev = p //進(jìn)行平移,前節(jié)點(diǎn)賦值 p = p.next //后節(jié)點(diǎn)賦值 } } //輸出結(jié)果如下 {stu9 37 21.855305 0xc0000c0660} {stu8 11 29.310184 0xc0000c0630} {stu7 28 46.888985 0xc0000c0600} {stu6 62 38.06572 0xc0000c05d0} {stu5 94 81.36399 0xc0000c05a0} {stu4 56 30.091187 0xc0000c0570} {stu3 25 15.651925 0xc0000c0540} {stu2 81 68.682304 0xc0000c0510} {stu1 47 43.77142 0xc0000c04e0} {stu0 81 94.05091 0xc0000c0480} {head 28 88 <nil>}
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