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這篇文章主要介紹“Linux sudo命令怎么使用”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在Linux sudo命令怎么使用問題上存在疑惑,小編查閱了各式資料,整理出簡(jiǎn)單好用的操作方法,希望對(duì)大家解答”Linux sudo命令怎么使用”的疑惑有所幫助!接下來,請(qǐng)跟著小編一起來學(xué)習(xí)吧!
sudo -V sudo -h sudo -l sudo -v sudo -k sudo -s sudo -H sudo [ -b ] [ -p prompt ] [ -u username/#uid] -s sudo command
參數(shù)說明:
-V 顯示版本編號(hào)
-h 會(huì)顯示版本編號(hào)及指令的使用方式說明
-l 顯示出自己(執(zhí)行 sudo 的使用者)的權(quán)限
-v 因?yàn)?sudo 在第一次執(zhí)行時(shí)或是在 N 分鐘內(nèi)沒有執(zhí)行(N 預(yù)設(shè)為五)會(huì)問密碼,這個(gè)參數(shù)是重新做一次確認(rèn),如果超過 N 分鐘,也會(huì)問密碼
-k 將會(huì)強(qiáng)迫使用者在下一次執(zhí)行 sudo 時(shí)問密碼(不論有沒有超過 N 分鐘)
-b 將要執(zhí)行的指令放在背景執(zhí)行
-p prompt 可以更改問密碼的提示語,其中 %u 會(huì)代換為使用者的帳號(hào)名稱, %h 會(huì)顯示主機(jī)名稱
-u username/#uid 不加此參數(shù),代表要以 root 的身份執(zhí)行指令,而加了此參數(shù),可以以 username 的身份執(zhí)行指令(#uid 為該 username 的使用者號(hào)碼)
-s 執(zhí)行環(huán)境變數(shù)中的 SHELL 所指定的 shell ,或是 /etc/passwd 里所指定的 shell
-H 將環(huán)境變數(shù)中的 HOME (家目錄)指定為要變更身份的使用者家目錄(如不加 -u 參數(shù)就是系統(tǒng)管理者 root )
command 要以系統(tǒng)管理者身份(或以 -u 更改為其他人)執(zhí)行的指令
sudo命令使用
$ sudo ls [sudo] password for hnlinux: hnlinux is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.
指定用戶執(zhí)行命令
# sudo -u userb ls -l
顯示sudo設(shè)置
$ sudo -L //顯示sudo設(shè)置 Available options in a sudoers ``Defaults'' line: syslog: Syslog facility if syslog is being used for logging syslog_goodpri: Syslog priority to use when user authenticates successfully syslog_badpri: Syslog priority to use when user authenticates unsuccessfully long_otp_prompt: Put OTP prompt on its own line ignore_dot: Ignore '.' in $PATH mail_always: Always send mail when sudo is run mail_badpass: Send mail if user authentication fails mail_no_user: Send mail if the user is not in sudoers mail_no_host: Send mail if the user is not in sudoers for this host mail_no_perms: Send mail if the user is not allowed to run a command tty_tickets: Use a separate timestamp for each user/tty combo lecture: Lecture user the first time they run sudo lecture_file: File containing the sudo lecture authenticate: Require users to authenticate by default root_sudo: Root may run sudo log_host: Log the hostname in the (non-syslog) log file log_year: Log the year in the (non-syslog) log file shell_noargs: If sudo is invoked with no arguments, start a shell set_home: Set $HOME to the target user when starting a shell with -s always_set_home: Always set $HOME to the target user's home directory path_info: Allow some information gathering to give useful error messages fqdn: Require fully-qualified hostnames in the sudoers file insults: Insult the user when they enter an incorrect password requiretty: Only allow the user to run sudo if they have a tty env_editor: Visudo will honor the EDITOR environment variable rootpw: Prompt for root's password, not the users's runaspw: Prompt for the runas_default user's password, not the users's targetpw: Prompt for the target user's password, not the users's use_loginclass: Apply defaults in the target user's login class if there is one set_logname: Set the LOGNAME and USER environment variables stay_setuid: Only set the effective uid to the target user, not the real uid preserve_groups: Don't initialize the group vector to that of the target user loglinelen: Length at which to wrap log file lines (0 for no wrap) timestamp_timeout: Authentication timestamp timeout passwd_timeout: Password prompt timeout passwd_tries: Number of tries to enter a password umask: Umask to use or 0777 to use user's logfile: Path to log file mailerpath: Path to mail program mailerflags: Flags for mail program mailto: Address to send mail to mailfrom: Address to send mail from mailsub: Subject line for mail messages badpass_message: Incorrect password message timestampdir: Path to authentication timestamp dir timestampowner: Owner of the authentication timestamp dir exempt_group: Users in this group are exempt from password and PATH requirements passprompt: Default password prompt passprompt_override: If set, passprompt will override system prompt in all cases. runas_default: Default user to run commands as secure_path: Value to override user's $PATH with editor: Path to the editor for use by visudo listpw: When to require a password for 'list' pseudocommand verifypw: When to require a password for 'verify' pseudocommand noexec: Preload the dummy exec functions contained in 'noexec_file' noexec_file: File containing dummy exec functions ignore_local_sudoers: If LDAP directory is up, do we ignore local sudoers file closefrom: File descriptors >= %d will be closed before executing a command closefrom_override: If set, users may override the value of `closefrom' with the -C option setenv: Allow users to set arbitrary environment variables env_reset: Reset the environment to a default set of variables env_check: Environment variables to check for sanity env_delete: Environment variables to remove env_keep: Environment variables to preserve role: SELinux role to use in the new security context type: SELinux type to use in the new security context askpass: Path to the askpass helper program env_file: Path to the sudo-specific environment file sudoers_locale: Locale to use while parsing sudoers visiblepw: Allow sudo to prompt for a password even if it would be visisble pwfeedback: Provide visual feedback at the password prompt when there is user input fast_glob: Use faster globbing that is less accurate but does not access the filesystem umask_override: The umask specified in sudoers will override the user's, even if it is more permissive
以root權(quán)限執(zhí)行上一條命令
$ sudo !!
以特定用戶身份進(jìn)行編輯文本
$ sudo -u uggc vi ~www/index.html //以 uggc 用戶身份編輯 home 目錄下www目錄中的 index.html 文件
列出目前的權(quán)限
sudo -l
列出 sudo 的版本資訊
sudo -V
到此,關(guān)于“Linux sudo命令怎么使用”的學(xué)習(xí)就結(jié)束了,希望能夠解決大家的疑惑。理論與實(shí)踐的搭配能更好的幫助大家學(xué)習(xí),快去試試吧!若想繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)更多相關(guān)知識(shí),請(qǐng)繼續(xù)關(guān)注億速云網(wǎng)站,小編會(huì)繼續(xù)努力為大家?guī)砀鄬?shí)用的文章!
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