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這篇文章主要介紹“Linux下怎么安裝Chef”的相關(guān)知識(shí),小編通過(guò)實(shí)際案例向大家展示操作過(guò)程,操作方法簡(jiǎn)單快捷,實(shí)用性強(qiáng),希望這篇“Linux下怎么安裝Chef”文章能幫助大家解決問(wèn)題。
Chef 是一款自動(dòng)化服務(wù)器配置管理工具,可以對(duì)所管理的對(duì)象實(shí)行自動(dòng)化配置,如系統(tǒng)管理,安裝軟件等。Chef 由三大組件組成:Chef Server、Chef Workstation 和 Chef Node。
ChefDK是Chef Development Kit的縮寫(xiě),它幾乎用于所有的平臺(tái),包括基于Debian發(fā)行版、Ubuntu、RedHat、CentOS、Mac OS X和Windows。當(dāng)前ChefDK的穩(wěn)定版本是0.11.2,對(duì)于基于RHEL的系統(tǒng),它可用于版本 6 和 7(如: CentOS 6 和 CentOS 7),RPM版本只有64位版本。
使用以下命令下載ChefDK 在CentOS 7上
cd ~ wget https://packages.chef.io/stable/el/7/chefdk-0.11.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
在CentOS 6上
cd ~ wget https://packages.chef.io/stable/el/6/chefdk-0.11.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
使用RPM安裝剛剛下載的ChefDK
# rpm -ivh chefdk-0.11.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpmPreparing... ################################# [100%]Updating / installing... 1:chefdk-0.11.2-1.el7 ################################# [100%]Thank you for installing Chef Development Kit!
ChefDK默認(rèn)安裝到/opt/chefdk目錄下,如下所示
# ls -l /opt/chefdk/drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Mar 3 13:50 bin drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 62 Mar 3 13:50 embedded -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13249 Feb 22 14:26 version-manifest.json -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8233 Feb 22 14:26 version-manifest.txt
執(zhí)行chef verify,驗(yàn)證所有來(lái)自ChefDK的不同組件,確保他們都工作正常,沒(méi)有任何問(wèn)題
# chef verifyRunning verification for component 'berkshelf'Running verification for component 'test-kitchen'Running verification for component 'tk-policyfile-provisioner'Running verification for component 'chef-client'Running verification for component 'chef-dk'Running verification for component 'chef-provisioning'Running verification for component 'chefspec'Running verification for component 'generated-cookbooks-pass-chefspec'Running verification for component 'rubocop'Running verification for component 'fauxhai'Running verification for component 'knife-spork'Running verification for component 'kitchen-vagrant'Running verification for component 'package installation'Running verification for component 'openssl'Running verification for component 'inspec'....... --------------------------------------------- Verification of component 'test-kitchen' succeeded. Verification of component 'chef-dk' succeeded. Verification of component 'chefspec' succeeded. Verification of component 'rubocop' succeeded. Verification of component 'knife-spork' succeeded. Verification of component 'openssl' succeeded. Verification of component 'berkshelf' succeeded. Verification of component 'chef-client' succeeded. Verification of component 'fauxhai' succeeded. Verification of component 'inspec' succeeded. Verification of component 'tk-policyfile-provisioner' succeeded. Verification of component 'kitchen-vagrant' succeeded. Verification of component 'chef-provisioning' succeeded. Verification of component 'package installation' succeeded. Verification of component 'generated-cookbooks-pass-chefspec' succeeded.
下面是chef verify失敗的案例。注意:Ruby在Chef中是必須的,它被嵌入在了ChefDK中。
# chef verify.. /opt/chefdk/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/mixlib-shellout-2.2.6/lib/mixlib/shellout.rb:289:in `invalid!': Expected process to exit with [0], but received '1' (Mixlib::ShellOut::ShellCommandFailed) ---- Begin output of /usr/bin/ohai -v ---- STDOUT: STDERR: /opt/chefdk/embedded/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.1.0/rubygems/dependency.rb:319:in `to_specs': Could not find 'chef-config' (= 12.8.0) - did find: [chef-config-12.7.2] (Gem::LoadError)
以上錯(cuò)誤信息顯示:“Could not find ‘chef-config’ (= 12.8.0) – did find: [chef-config-12.7.2] (Gem::LoadError)”,在安裝的ChefDK中chef-config的版本是12.7.2的舊版本,在手動(dòng)安裝chef-confg 12.8.0版本后再執(zhí)行chef verify,顯示驗(yàn)證成功。
執(zhí)行 chef -version命令,顯示ChefDK的版本號(hào)以及所有附帶組件
# chef --versionChef Development Kit Version: 0.11.2 chef-client version: 12.7.2 berks version: 4.2.0 kitchen version: 1.5.0
設(shè)置Chef相關(guān)的環(huán)境變量,如:GEM_ROOT GEM_HOME GEM_PATH。
export GEM_ROOT="/opt/chefdk/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0"export GEM_HOME="/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0"export GEM_PATH="/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0:/opt/chefdk/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0"
此外,如果你的系統(tǒng)上已經(jīng)安裝了ruby,你需要更新與ruby相關(guān)的PATH變量,如下所示
export PATH="/opt/chefdk/bin:/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0/bin:/opt/chefdk/embedded/bin:/opt/chefdk/bin:/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0/bin:/opt/chefdk/embedded/bin:/opt/chefdk/bin:/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.1.0/bin:/opt/chefdk/embedded/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin"
顯示所有Chef設(shè)置的環(huán)境變量。
chef shell-init bash
想要快速設(shè)置這些環(huán)境變量,可以將其添加到bash_profile文件中,如下所示。
echo 'eval "$(chef shell-init bash)"' >> ~/.bash_profile
為了訪(fǎng)問(wèn)Chef服務(wù)器上的Chef Manage GUI,添加以下firewalld規(guī)則,開(kāi)放Chef服務(wù)器上的相應(yīng)端口。
firewall-cmd --direct --add-rule ipv4 \filter INPUT_direct 0 -i eth0 -p tcp \--dport 443 -j ACCEPTfirewall-cmd --direct --add-rule ipv4 \filter INPUT_direct 0 -i eth0 -p tcp \--dport 80 -j ACCEPTfirewall-cmd --direct --add-rule ipv4 \filter INPUT_direct 0 -i eth0 -p tcp \--dport 9683 -j ACCEPTfirewall-cmd --reload
登錄到Chef Manage GUI,單擊“Administration”選項(xiàng),從列表中選擇“organization”。此例中,“organization”為“example”,選中organization之后,點(diǎn)擊左側(cè)菜單中的“Starter Kit”。
按下“Download(下載)”按鈕之后,會(huì)跳出一個(gè)警告信息,按下“Proceed”,它會(huì)將chef-starter.zip文件下載到本地機(jī)器。
將chef-starter.zip文件傳輸?shù)紺hef工作站并解壓到root的home目錄下
# cd ~# unzip chef-starter.zipArchive: chef-starter.zip creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/ creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/ creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/templates/ creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/templates/default/ inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/templates/default/sample.erb creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/files/ creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/files/default/ inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/files/default/sample.txt creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/recipes/ inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/recipes/default.rb creating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/attributes/ inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/attributes/default.rb inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/starter/metadata.rb inflating: chef-repo/cookbooks/chefignore inflating: chef-repo/README.md inflating: chef-repo/.gitignore creating: chef-repo/.chef/ creating: chef-repo/roles/ inflating: chef-repo/.chef/knife.rb inflating: chef-repo/roles/starter.rb inflating: chef-repo/.chef/ramesh.pem inflating: chef-repo/.chef/example-validator.pem
如果你手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建了chef-repo文件夾,那你就需要手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建上述的子目錄,復(fù)制knife.rb文件、organization-validator.pem文件(如:example-validator.pem)、username.pem文件(如:ramesh.pem)到上面顯示的目錄中。
在這個(gè)階段如果執(zhí)行knife client list會(huì)得到以下錯(cuò)誤信息
# cd ~/chef-repo# knife client listERROR: SSL Validation failure connecting to host: centos.example.com - SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 state=error: certificate verify failedERROR: Could not establish a secure connection to the server.Use `knife ssl check` to troubleshoot your SSL configuration.If your Chef Server uses a self-signed certificate, you can use`knife ssl fetch` to make knife trust the server's certificates.Original Exception: OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError: SSL Error connecting to https://centos.example.com/organizations/example/clients - SSL_connect returned=1 errno=0 state=error: certificate verify failed
證書(shū)驗(yàn)證失敗,因?yàn)槲覀儧](méi)有從Chef服務(wù)器下載SSL證書(shū),此時(shí)可以執(zhí)行以下“knife ssl fetch”。
# cd ~/chef-repo# knife ssl fetchWARNING: Certificates from centos.example.com will be fetched and placed in your trusted_cert directory (/root/chef-repo/.chef/trusted_certs). Knife has no means to verify these are the correct certificates. You should verify the authenticity of these certificates after downloading.
證書(shū)將會(huì)下載到以下truster_certs目錄中
# ls -l /root/chef-repo/.chef/trusted_certs-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1379 Mar 20 20:17 centos_example_com.crt# cat /root/chef-repo/.chef/trusted_certs/centos_example_com.crt-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIIDzDCCArSgAwIBAgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBRMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEQ MA4GA1UECgwHWW91Q29ycDETMBEGA1UECwwKT3BlcmF0aW9uczEbMBkGA1UEAwwS ZXJhdGlvbnMxGzAZBgNVBAMMEmNlbnRvcy5leGFtcGxlLmNvbTCCASIwDQYJKoZI .. .. WLyr2ORLMcck/OGsubabO/koMNTqhl2JJPECNiDJh06MeZ/2+BOwGZSpXDbw+vFE NJAsLfsTzihGWZ58einMFA== -----END CERTIFICATE-----
如果Chef工作站工作正常,當(dāng)你執(zhí)行“knife client list”時(shí),它會(huì)顯示所有連接工作站的客戶(hù)端。由于我們剛剛安裝它,因此只能看到剛剛我們創(chuàng)建的組織(organization)
# cd ~/chef-repo# knife client listexample-validator
如果你現(xiàn)有的Chef工作站機(jī)器上已經(jīng)有5個(gè)服務(wù)器連接到它了,你會(huì)看到以下信息
# knife client listexample-validator node1 node2 node3 node4 node5
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