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這篇“有哪些常用的shell腳本”文章的知識(shí)點(diǎn)大部分人都不太理解,所以小編給大家總結(jié)了以下內(nèi)容,內(nèi)容詳細(xì),步驟清晰,具有一定的借鑒價(jià)值,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章能有所收獲,下面我們一起來看看這篇“有哪些常用的shell腳本”文章吧。
開頭加解釋器:#!/bin/bash語法縮進(jìn),使用四個(gè)空格;多加注釋說明。 命名建議規(guī)則:變量名大寫、局部變量小寫,函數(shù)名小寫,名字體現(xiàn)出實(shí)際作用。 默認(rèn)變量是全局的,在函數(shù)中變量local指定為局部變量,避免污染其他作用域。 有兩個(gè)命令能幫助我調(diào)試腳本:set -e 遇到執(zhí)行非0時(shí)退出腳本,set-x 打印執(zhí)行過程。 寫腳本一定先測(cè)試再到生產(chǎn)上。
獲取隨機(jī)8位字符串: 方法1:# echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8471b94f2 方法2:# openssl rand -base64 4vg3BEg== 方法3:# cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid |cut -c 1-8ed9e032c 獲取隨機(jī)8位數(shù)字: 方法1:# echo $RANDOM |cksum |cut -c 1-823648321 方法2:# openssl rand -base64 4 |cksum |cut -c 1-838571131 方法3:# date +%N |cut -c 1-869024815 cksum:打印CRC效驗(yàn)和統(tǒng)計(jì)字節(jié)
方法1:function echo_color() { if [ $1 == "green" ]; then echo -e "\033[32;40m$2\033[0m" elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then echo -e "\033[31;40m$2\033[0m" fi} 方法2:function echo_color() { case $1 in green) echo -e "[32;40m$2[0m" ;; red) echo -e "[31;40m$2[0m" ;; *) echo "Example: echo_color red string" esac} 使用方法:echo_color green "test"function關(guān)鍵字定義一個(gè)函數(shù),可加或不加。
#!/bin/bashDATE=$(date +%F_%T) USER_FILE=user.txtecho_color(){ if [ $1 == "green" ]; then echo -e "[32;40m$2[0m" elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then echo -e "[31;40m$2[0m" fi}# 如果用戶文件存在并且大小大于0就備份if [ -s $USER_FILE ]; then mv $USER_FILE ${USER_FILE}-${DATE}.bak echo_color green "$USER_FILE exist, rename ${USER_FILE}-${DATE}.bak"fiecho -e "User Password" >> $USER_FILEecho "----------------" >> $USER_FILEfor USER in user{1..10}; do if ! id $USER &>/dev/null; then PASS=$(echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8) useradd $USER echo $PASS |passwd --stdin $USER &>/dev/null echo -e "$USER $PASS" >> $USER_FILE echo "$USER User create successful." else echo_color red "$USER User already exists!" fidone
#!/bin/bashif rpm -q sysstat &>/dev/null; then echo "sysstat is already installed."else echo "sysstat is not installed!"fi
#!/bin/bashPORT_C=$(ss -anu |grep -c 123) PS_C=$(ps -ef |grep ntpd |grep -vc grep)if [ $PORT_C -eq 0 -o $PS_C -eq 0 ]; then echo "內(nèi)容" | mail -s "主題" dst@example.comfi
方法1:將錯(cuò)誤IP放到數(shù)組里面判斷是否ping失敗三次#!/bin/bash IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"for IP in $IP_LIST; do NUM=1 while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do if ping -c 1 $IP > /dev/null; then echo "$IP Ping is successful." break else # echo "$IP Ping is failure $NUM" FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP let NUM++ fi done if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ];then echo "${FAIL_COUNT[1]} Ping is failure!" unset FAIL_COUNT[*] fidone 方法2:將錯(cuò)誤次數(shù)放到FAIL_COUNT變量里面判斷是否ping失敗三次#!/bin/bash IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"for IP in $IP_LIST; do FAIL_COUNT=0 for ((i=1;ido if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then echo "$IP Ping is successful." break else # echo "$IP Ping is failure $i" let FAIL_COUNT++ fi done if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then echo "$IP Ping is failure!" fidone方法3:利用for循環(huán)將ping通就跳出循環(huán)繼續(xù),如果不跳出就會(huì)走到打印ping失敗#!/bin/bashping_success_status() { if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then echo "$IP Ping is successful." continue fi} IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"for IP in $IP_LIST; do ping_success_status ping_success_status ping_success_status echo "$IP Ping is failure!"done
1)CPU 借助vmstat工具來分析CPU統(tǒng)計(jì)信息。#!/bin/bashDATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M) IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F [ :]+ /inet addr/{print $4} ) # 只支持CentOS6MAIL="example@mail.com"if ! which vmstat &>/dev/null; then echo "vmstat command no found, Please install procps package." exit 1fiUS=$(vmstat |awk NR==3{print $13} ) SY=$(vmstat |awk NR==3{print $14} ) IDLE=$(vmstat |awk NR==3{print $15} ) WAIT=$(vmstat |awk NR==3{print $16} ) USE=$(($US+$SY))if [ $USE -ge 50 ]; then echo " Date: $DATE Host: $IP Problem: CPU utilization $USE " | mail -s "CPU Monitor" $MAILfi2)內(nèi)存#!/bin/bashDATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M) IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F [ :]+ /inet addr/{print $4} ) MAIL="example@mail.com"TOTAL=$(free -m |awk /Mem/{print $2} ) USE=$(free -m |awk /Mem/{print $3-$6-$7} ) FREE=$(($TOTAL-$USE))# 內(nèi)存小于1G發(fā)送報(bào)警郵件if [ $FREE -lt 1024 ]; then echo " Date: $DATE Host: $IP Problem: Total=$TOTAL,Use=$USE,Free=$FREE " | mail -s "Memory Monitor" $MAILfi3)硬盤#!/bin/bashDATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M) IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F [ :]+ /inet addr/{print $4} ) MAIL="example@mail.com"TOTAL=$(fdisk -l |awk -F [: ]+ BEGIN{OFS="="}/^Disk /dev/{printf "%s=%sG,",$2,$3} ) PART_USE=$(df -h |awk BEGIN{OFS="="}/^/dev/{print $1,int($5),$6} )for i in $PART_USE; do PART=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f1) USE=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f2) MOUNT=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f3) if [ $USE -gt 80 ]; then echo " Date: $DATE Host: $IP Total: $TOTAL Problem: $PART=$USE($MOUNT) " | mail -s "Disk Monitor" $MAIL fidone
前提監(jiān)控端和被監(jiān)控端SSH免交互登錄或者密鑰登錄。 寫一個(gè)配置文件保存被監(jiān)控主機(jī)SSH連接信息,文件內(nèi)容格式:IP User Port#!/bin/bashHOST_INFO=host.infofor IP in $(awk /^[^#]/{print $1} $HOST_INFO); do USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP ip==$1{print $2} $HOST_INFO) PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP ip==$1{print $3} $HOST_INFO) TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP df -h > $TMP_FILE USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk BEGIN{OFS="="}/^/dev/{print $1,int($5)} $TMP_FILE) for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*} USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=} if [ $USE_RATE -ge 80 ]; then echo "Warning: $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!" fi donedone
1)檢查URL可用性 方法1:check_url() { HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1) if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!" fi} 方法2:check_url() {if ! wget -T 10 --tries=1 --spider $1 >/dev/null 2>&1; then #-T超時(shí)時(shí)間,--tries嘗試1次,--spider爬蟲模式 echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!" fi} 使用方法:check_url www.baidu.com 2)判斷三次URL可用性 思路與上面檢查主機(jī)存活狀態(tài)一樣。 方法1:利用循環(huán)技巧,如果成功就跳出當(dāng)前循環(huán),否則執(zhí)行到最后一行#!/bin/bash check_url() { HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1) if [ $HTTP_CODE -eq 200 ]; then continue fi} URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"for URL in $URL_LIST; do check_url $URL check_url $URL check_url $URL echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"done 方法2:錯(cuò)誤次數(shù)保存到變量#!/bin/bash URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"for URL in $URL_LIST; do FAIL_COUNT=0 for ((i=1;ido HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL) if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then let FAIL_COUNT++ else break fi done if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!" fidone 方法3:錯(cuò)誤次數(shù)保存到數(shù)組#!/bin/bash URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"for URL in $URL_LIST; do NUM=1 while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL) if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP #創(chuàng)建數(shù)組,以$NUM下標(biāo),$IP元素 let NUM++ else break fi done if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ]; then echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!" unset FAIL_COUNT[*] #清空數(shù)組 fidone
#!/bin/bash USER=bak PASSWD=123456 IO_SQL_STATUS=$(mysql -u$USER -p$PASSWD -e show slave statusG |awk -F: /Slave_.*_Running/{gsub(": ",":");print $0} ) #gsub去除冒號(hào)后面的空格for i in $IO_SQL_STATUS; do THREAD_STATUS_NAME=${i%:*} THREAD_STATUS=${i#*:} if [ "$THREAD_STATUS" != "Yes" ]; then echo "Error: MySQL Master-Slave $THREAD_STATUS_NAME status is $THREAD_STATUS!" fidone
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