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本篇內(nèi)容介紹了“Spring事務(wù)處理Transactional和并發(fā)線程的方法是什么”的有關(guān)知識(shí),在實(shí)際案例的操作過(guò)程中,不少人都會(huì)遇到這樣的困境,接下來(lái)就讓小編帶領(lǐng)大家學(xué)習(xí)一下如何處理這些情況吧!希望大家仔細(xì)閱讀,能夠?qū)W有所成!
在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)SQL規(guī)范中定義了4個(gè)事務(wù)隔離級(jí)別,不同隔離級(jí)別對(duì)事務(wù)處理不同 。
未授權(quán)讀取(Read Uncommitted): 也稱 未提交讀。允許臟讀取但不允許更新丟失,如果一個(gè)事務(wù)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始寫(xiě)數(shù)據(jù)則另外一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)則不允許同時(shí)進(jìn)行寫(xiě)操作但允許其他事務(wù)讀此行數(shù)據(jù)。該隔離級(jí)別可以通過(guò) “排他寫(xiě)鎖”實(shí)現(xiàn)。事務(wù)隔離的最低級(jí)別,僅可保證不讀取物理?yè)p壞的數(shù)據(jù)。與READ COMMITTED 隔離級(jí)相反,它允許讀取已經(jīng)被其它用戶修改但尚未提交確定的數(shù)據(jù)。
授權(quán)讀?。≧ead Committed): 也稱提交 讀。允許不可重復(fù)讀取但不允許臟讀取。這可以通過(guò)“瞬間共享讀鎖”和“排他寫(xiě)鎖”實(shí)現(xiàn),讀取數(shù)據(jù)的事務(wù)允許其他事務(wù)繼續(xù)訪問(wèn)該行數(shù)據(jù),但是未提交寫(xiě)事務(wù)將 會(huì)禁止其他事務(wù)訪問(wèn)該行。SQL Server 默認(rèn)的級(jí)別。在此隔離級(jí)下,SELECT 命令不會(huì)返回尚未提交(Committed) 的數(shù)據(jù),也不能返回臟數(shù)據(jù)。
可重復(fù)讀?。≧epeatable Read): 禁止 不可重復(fù)讀取和臟讀取。但是有時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)幻影數(shù)據(jù),這可以通過(guò)“共享讀鎖”和“排他寫(xiě)鎖”實(shí)現(xiàn),讀取數(shù)據(jù)事務(wù)將會(huì)禁止寫(xiě)事務(wù)(但允許讀事務(wù)),寫(xiě)事務(wù)則禁 止任何其他事務(wù)。在此隔離級(jí)下,用SELECT 命令讀取的數(shù)據(jù)在整個(gè)命令執(zhí)行過(guò)程中不會(huì)被更改。此選項(xiàng)會(huì)影響系統(tǒng)的效能,非必要情況最好不用此隔離級(jí)。
串行(Serializable): 也稱可串行讀。提 供嚴(yán)格的事務(wù)隔離,它要求事務(wù)序列化執(zhí)行,事務(wù)只能一個(gè)接著一個(gè)地執(zhí)行,但不能并發(fā)執(zhí)行。如果僅僅通過(guò)“行級(jí)鎖”是無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)事務(wù)序列化的,必須通過(guò)其他機(jī) 制保證新插入的數(shù)據(jù)不會(huì)被剛執(zhí)行查詢操作事務(wù)訪問(wèn)到。事務(wù)隔離的最高級(jí)別,事務(wù)之間完全隔離。如果事務(wù)在可串行讀隔離級(jí)別上運(yùn)行,則可以保證任何并發(fā)重疊 事務(wù)均是串行的。
隔離級(jí)別 | 更新丟失 | 臟讀取 | 重復(fù)讀取 | 幻讀 |
---|---|---|---|---|
未授權(quán)讀取 | N | Y | Y | Y |
授權(quán)讀取 | N | N | Y | Y |
可重復(fù)讀取 | N | N | N | Y |
串行 | N | N | N | N |
Spring在TransactionDefinition接口中規(guī)定了7種類型的事務(wù)傳播行為,它們規(guī)定了事務(wù)方法和事務(wù)方法發(fā)生嵌套調(diào)用時(shí)事務(wù)如何進(jìn)行傳播:
package org.springframework.transaction.annotation; import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition; /** * Enumeration that represents transaction propagation behaviors for use * with the {@link Transactional} annotation, corresponding to the * {@link TransactionDefinition} interface. * * @author Colin Sampaleanu * @author Juergen Hoeller * @since 1.2 */ public enum Propagation { /** * Support a current transaction, create a new one if none exists. * Analogous to EJB transaction attribute of the same name. * <p>This is the default setting of a transaction annotation. */ REQUIRED(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED), /** * Support a current transaction, execute non-transactionally if none exists. * Analogous to EJB transaction attribute of the same name. * <p>Note: For transaction managers with transaction synchronization, * PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS is slightly different from no transaction at all, * as it defines a transaction scope that synchronization will apply for. * As a consequence, the same resources (JDBC Connection, Hibernate Session, etc) * will be shared for the entire specified scope. Note that this depends on * the actual synchronization configuration of the transaction manager. * @see org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager#setTransactionSynchronization */ SUPPORTS(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS), /** * Support a current transaction, throw an exception if none exists. * Analogous to EJB transaction attribute of the same name. */ MANDATORY(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_MANDATORY), /** * Create a new transaction, and suspend the current transaction if one exists. * Analogous to the EJB transaction attribute of the same name. * <p>Note: Actual transaction suspension will not work out-of-the-box on * all transaction managers. This in particular applies to JtaTransactionManager, * which requires the {@code javax.transaction.TransactionManager} to be * made available it to it (which is server-specific in standard J2EE). * @see org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager#setTransactionManager */ REQUIRES_NEW(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW), /** * Execute non-transactionally, suspend the current transaction if one exists. * Analogous to EJB transaction attribute of the same name. * <p>Note: Actual transaction suspension will not work on out-of-the-box * on all transaction managers. This in particular applies to JtaTransactionManager, * which requires the {@code javax.transaction.TransactionManager} to be * made available it to it (which is server-specific in standard J2EE). * @see org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager#setTransactionManager */ NOT_SUPPORTED(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED), /** * Execute non-transactionally, throw an exception if a transaction exists. * Analogous to EJB transaction attribute of the same name. */ NEVER(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NEVER), /** * Execute within a nested transaction if a current transaction exists, * behave like PROPAGATION_REQUIRED else. There is no analogous feature in EJB. * <p>Note: Actual creation of a nested transaction will only work on specific * transaction managers. Out of the box, this only applies to the JDBC * DataSourceTransactionManager when working on a JDBC 3.0 driver. * Some JTA providers might support nested transactions as well. * @see org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager 通過(guò)創(chuàng)建Savepoint實(shí)現(xiàn)嵌套事務(wù),達(dá)到內(nèi)層事務(wù)若拋出異常(unchecked exception)則回滾到savepoint處,但不影響外層事務(wù);外層事務(wù)的回滾會(huì)一起回滾內(nèi)層事務(wù); */ NESTED(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED); private final int value; Propagation(int value) { this.value = value; } public int value() { return this.value; } }
/* * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package org.springframework.transaction; import java.sql.Connection; /** * Interface that defines Spring-compliant transaction properties. * Based on the propagation behavior definitions analogous to EJB CMT attributes. * * <p>Note that isolation level and timeout settings will not get applied unless * an actual new transaction gets started. As only {@link #PROPAGATION_REQUIRED}, * {@link #PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW} and {@link #PROPAGATION_NESTED} can cause * that, it usually doesn't make sense to specify those settings in other cases. * Furthermore, be aware that not all transaction managers will support those * advanced features and thus might throw corresponding exceptions when given * non-default values. * * <p>The {@link #isReadOnly() read-only flag} applies to any transaction context, * whether backed by an actual resource transaction or operating non-transactionally * at the resource level. In the latter case, the flag will only apply to managed * resources within the application, such as a Hibernate {@code Session}. * * @author Juergen Hoeller * @since 08.05.2003 * @see PlatformTransactionManager#getTransaction(TransactionDefinition) * @see org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionDefinition * @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute */ public interface TransactionDefinition { /** * Support a current transaction; create a new one if none exists. * Analogous to the EJB transaction attribute of the same name. * <p>This is typically the default setting of a transaction definition, * and typically defines a transaction synchronization scope. */ int PROPAGATION_REQUIRED = 0; /** * Support a current transaction; execute non-transactionally if none exists. * Analogous to the EJB transaction attribute of the same name. * <p><b>NOTE:</b> For transaction managers with transaction synchronization, * {@code PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS} is slightly different from no transaction * at all, as it defines a transaction scope that synchronization might apply to. * As a consequence, the same resources (a JDBC {@code Connection}, a * Hibernate {@code Session}, etc) will be shared for the entire specified * scope. Note that the exact behavior depends on the actual synchronization * configuration of the transaction manager! * <p>In general, use {@code PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS} with care! In particular, do * not rely on {@code PROPAGATION_REQUIRED} or {@code PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW} * <i>within</i> a {@code PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS} scope (which may lead to * synchronization conflicts at runtime). If such nesting is unavoidable, make sure * to configure your transaction manager appropriately (typically switching to * "synchronization on actual transaction"). * @see org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager#setTransactionSynchronization * @see org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager#SYNCHRONIZATION_ON_ACTUAL_TRANSACTION */ int PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS = 1; /** * Support a current transaction; throw an exception if no current transaction * exists. Analogous to the EJB transaction attribute of the same name. * <p>Note that transaction synchronization within a {@code PROPAGATION_MANDATORY} * scope will always be driven by the surrounding transaction. */ int PROPAGATION_MANDATORY = 2; /** * Create a new transaction, suspending the current transaction if one exists. * Analogous to the EJB transaction attribute of the same name. * <p><b>NOTE:</b> Actual transaction suspension will not work out-of-the-box * on all transaction managers. This in particular applies to * {@link org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager}, * which requires the {@code javax.transaction.TransactionManager} * to be made available it to it (which is server-specific in standard J2EE). * <p>A {@code PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW} scope always defines its own * transaction synchronizations. Existing synchronizations will be suspended * and resumed appropriately. * @see org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager#setTransactionManager */ int PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW = 3; /** * Do not support a current transaction; rather always execute non-transactionally. * Analogous to the EJB transaction attribute of the same name. * <p><b>NOTE:</b> Actual transaction suspension will not work out-of-the-box * on all transaction managers. This in particular applies to * {@link org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager}, * which requires the {@code javax.transaction.TransactionManager} * to be made available it to it (which is server-specific in standard J2EE). * <p>Note that transaction synchronization is <i>not</i> available within a * {@code PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED} scope. Existing synchronizations * will be suspended and resumed appropriately. * @see org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager#setTransactionManager */ int PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 4; /** * Do not support a current transaction; throw an exception if a current transaction * exists. Analogous to the EJB transaction attribute of the same name. * <p>Note that transaction synchronization is <i>not</i> available within a * {@code PROPAGATION_NEVER} scope. */ int PROPAGATION_NEVER = 5; /** * Execute within a nested transaction if a current transaction exists, * behave like {@link #PROPAGATION_REQUIRED} else. There is no analogous * feature in EJB. * <p><b>NOTE:</b> Actual creation of a nested transaction will only work on * specific transaction managers. Out of the box, this only applies to the JDBC * {@link org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager} * when working on a JDBC 3.0 driver. Some JTA providers might support * nested transactions as well. * @see org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager */ int PROPAGATION_NESTED = 6; /** * Use the default isolation level of the underlying datastore. * All other levels correspond to the JDBC isolation levels. * @see java.sql.Connection */ int ISOLATION_DEFAULT = -1; /** * Indicates that dirty reads, non-repeatable reads and phantom reads * can occur. * <p>This level allows a row changed by one transaction to be read by another * transaction before any changes in that row have been committed (a "dirty read"). * If any of the changes are rolled back, the second transaction will have * retrieved an invalid row. * @see java.sql.Connection#TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED */ int ISOLATION_READ_UNCOMMITTED = Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_UNCOMMITTED; /** * Indicates that dirty reads are prevented; non-repeatable reads and * phantom reads can occur. * <p>This level only prohibits a transaction from reading a row * with uncommitted changes in it. * @see java.sql.Connection#TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED */ int ISOLATION_READ_COMMITTED = Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED; /** * Indicates that dirty reads and non-repeatable reads are prevented; * phantom reads can occur. * <p>This level prohibits a transaction from reading a row with uncommitted changes * in it, and it also prohibits the situation where one transaction reads a row, * a second transaction alters the row, and the first transaction re-reads the row, * getting different values the second time (a "non-repeatable read"). * @see java.sql.Connection#TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ */ int ISOLATION_REPEATABLE_READ = Connection.TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ; /** * Indicates that dirty reads, non-repeatable reads and phantom reads * are prevented. * <p>This level includes the prohibitions in {@link #ISOLATION_REPEATABLE_READ} * and further prohibits the situation where one transaction reads all rows that * satisfy a {@code WHERE} condition, a second transaction inserts a row * that satisfies that {@code WHERE} condition, and the first transaction * re-reads for the same condition, retrieving the additional "phantom" row * in the second read. * @see java.sql.Connection#TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE */ int ISOLATION_SERIALIZABLE = Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE; /** * Use the default timeout of the underlying transaction system, * or none if timeouts are not supported. */ int TIMEOUT_DEFAULT = -1; /** * Return the propagation behavior. * <p>Must return one of the {@code PROPAGATION_XXX} constants * defined on {@link TransactionDefinition this interface}. * @return the propagation behavior * @see #PROPAGATION_REQUIRED * @see org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager#isActualTransactionActive() */ int getPropagationBehavior(); /** * Return the isolation level. * <p>Must return one of the {@code ISOLATION_XXX} constants * defined on {@link TransactionDefinition this interface}. * <p>Only makes sense in combination with {@link #PROPAGATION_REQUIRED} * or {@link #PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW}. * <p>Note that a transaction manager that does not support custom isolation levels * will throw an exception when given any other level than {@link #ISOLATION_DEFAULT}. * @return the isolation level */ int getIsolationLevel(); /** * Return the transaction timeout. * <p>Must return a number of seconds, or {@link #TIMEOUT_DEFAULT}. * <p>Only makes sense in combination with {@link #PROPAGATION_REQUIRED} * or {@link #PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW}. * <p>Note that a transaction manager that does not support timeouts will throw * an exception when given any other timeout than {@link #TIMEOUT_DEFAULT}. * @return the transaction timeout */ int getTimeout(); /** * Return whether to optimize as a read-only transaction. * <p>The read-only flag applies to any transaction context, whether * backed by an actual resource transaction * ({@link #PROPAGATION_REQUIRED}/{@link #PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW}) or * operating non-transactionally at the resource level * ({@link #PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS}). In the latter case, the flag will * only apply to managed resources within the application, such as a * Hibernate {@code Session}. << * <p>This just serves as a hint for the actual transaction subsystem; * it will <i>not necessarily</i> cause failure of write access attempts. * A transaction manager which cannot interpret the read-only hint will * <i>not</i> throw an exception when asked for a read-only transaction. * @return {@code true} if the transaction is to be optimized as read-only * @see org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronization#beforeCommit(boolean) * @see org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager#isCurrentTransactionReadOnly() */ boolean isReadOnly(); /** * Return the name of this transaction. Can be {@code null}. * <p>This will be used as the transaction name to be shown in a * transaction monitor, if applicable (for example, WebLogic's). * <p>In case of Spring's declarative transactions, the exposed name will be * the {@code fully-qualified class name + "." + method name} (by default). * @return the name of this transaction * @see org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport * @see org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager#getCurrentTransactionName() */ String getName(); }
啟動(dòng)一個(gè)新的, 不依賴于環(huán)境的 "內(nèi)部" 事務(wù).
這個(gè)事務(wù)將被完全 commited 或 rolled back 而不依賴于外部事務(wù), 它擁有自己的隔離范圍, 自己的鎖, 等等. 當(dāng)內(nèi)部事務(wù)開(kāi)始執(zhí)行時(shí), 外部事務(wù)將被掛起, 內(nèi)務(wù)事務(wù)結(jié)束時(shí), 外部事務(wù)將繼續(xù)執(zhí)行.
如果外部事務(wù) commit, 嵌套事務(wù)也會(huì)被 commit;
如果外部事務(wù) roll back, 嵌套事務(wù)也會(huì)被 roll back 。
開(kāi)始一個(gè) "嵌套的" 事務(wù), 它是已經(jīng)存在事務(wù)的一個(gè)真正的子事務(wù). 嵌套事務(wù)開(kāi)始執(zhí)行時(shí), 它將取得一個(gè) savepoint. 如果這個(gè)嵌套事務(wù)失敗, 我們將回滾到此 savepoint. 嵌套事務(wù)是外部事務(wù)的一部分, 只有外部事務(wù)結(jié)束后它才會(huì)被提交.
代碼例子:
@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.NESTED) @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW) ServiceA{ @Autowired ServiceB serviceB; @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.NESTED) public void method1(){ serviceB.method2(); int i = 1/0; } } ServiceB{ @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.NESTED) public void method2(){ xxxxxx } }
因?yàn)閙ethod1使用 @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.NESTED),當(dāng)執(zhí)行method1時(shí),會(huì)拋出異常,method2()也會(huì)被回滾;
如果method2()用PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW:
ServiceB{ @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW) public void method2(){ xxxxxx } }
那么method2不會(huì)因?yàn)閙ethod1拋出異常而回滾。
不管是什么類型的嵌套事務(wù),一個(gè)線程只有一個(gè)事務(wù),線程結(jié)束的時(shí)候才提交事務(wù),包括嵌套事務(wù),即使嵌套事務(wù)是REQUIRES_NEW,也不是嵌套事務(wù)的方法結(jié)束就提交事務(wù)的,一定是等到外部事務(wù)方法結(jié)束,整個(gè)線程結(jié)束才一起提交的。
在相同線程中進(jìn)行相互嵌套調(diào)用的事務(wù)方法工作于相同的事務(wù)中。如果這些相互嵌套調(diào)用的方法工作在不同的線程中,則不同線程下的事務(wù)方法工作在獨(dú)立的事務(wù)中。
而鎖存在于事務(wù)里,鎖的生命周期也是一個(gè)線程,在一個(gè)線程里可多次取得同一個(gè)鎖。
如果事務(wù)加在外部方法A,在內(nèi)部方法里面有synchronized代碼塊B,那么當(dāng)B執(zhí)行完時(shí),事務(wù)還未提交,其他線程進(jìn)入synchronized代碼塊B后,讀取的庫(kù)存數(shù)據(jù)不是最新的。
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