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這篇文章主要講解了“CommandLineRunner和Application怎么使用”,文中的講解內(nèi)容簡單清晰,易于學習與理解,下面請大家跟著小編的思路慢慢深入,一起來研究和學習“CommandLineRunner和Application怎么使用”吧!
在SpringBoot項目中創(chuàng)建組件類實現(xiàn)CommandLineRunner或ApplicationRunner接口可實現(xiàn)在應用啟動之后及時進行一些初始化操作,如緩存預熱、索引重建等等類似一些數(shù)據(jù)初始化操作。
兩個接口功能相同,都有個run方法需要重寫,只是實現(xiàn)方法的參數(shù)不同。
CommandLineRunner接收原始的命令行啟動參數(shù),ApplicationRunner則將啟動參數(shù)對象化。
兩個接口都是在SpringBoot應用初始化好上下文之后運行,所以在運行過程中,可以使用上下文中的所有信息,例如一些Bean等等。在框架SpringApplication類源碼的run方法中,可查看Runner的調(diào)用時機callRunners,如下:
/** * Run the Spring application, creating and refreshing a new * {@link ApplicationContext}. * @param args the application arguments (usually passed from a Java main method) * @return a running {@link ApplicationContext} */ public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) { StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch(); stopWatch.start(); ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null; Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>(); configureHeadlessProperty(); SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args); listeners.starting(); try { ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args); ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments); configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment); Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment); context = createApplicationContext(); exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class, new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context); prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner); refreshContext(context); afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments); stopWatch.stop(); if (this.logStartupInfo) { new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch); } listeners.started(context); //調(diào)用Runner,執(zhí)行初始化操作 callRunners(context, applicationArguments); } catch (Throwable ex) { handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners); throw new IllegalStateException(ex); } try { listeners.running(context); } catch (Throwable ex) { handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null); throw new IllegalStateException(ex); } return context; }
2.1 CommandLineRunner
簡單實現(xiàn)如下,打印啟動參數(shù)信息:
@Order(1) @Component public class CommandLineRunnerInit implements CommandLineRunner { private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); private final String LOG_PREFIX = ">>>>>>>>>>CommandLineRunner >>>>>>>>>> "; @Override public void run(String... args) throws Exception { try { this.logger.error("{} args:{}", LOG_PREFIX, StringUtils.join(args, ",")); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("CommandLineRunnerInit run failed", e); } } }
2.2 ApplicationRunner
簡單實現(xiàn)如下,打印啟動參數(shù)信息,并調(diào)用Bean的方法(查詢用戶數(shù)量):
@Order(2) @Component public class ApplicationRunnerInit implements ApplicationRunner { private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); private final String LOG_PREFIX = ">>>>>>>>>>ApplicationRunner >>>>>>>>>> "; private final UserRepository userRepository; public ApplicationRunnerInit(UserRepository userRepository) { this.userRepository = userRepository; } @Override public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception { try { this.logger.error("{} args:{}", LOG_PREFIX, JSONObject.toJSONString(args)); for (String optionName : args.getOptionNames()) { this.logger.error("{} argName:{} argValue:{}", LOG_PREFIX, optionName, args.getOptionValues(optionName)); } this.logger.error("{} user count:{}", LOG_PREFIX, this.userRepository.count()); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("CommandLineRunnerInit run failed", e); } } }
如果實現(xiàn)了多個Runner,默認會按照添加順序先執(zhí)行ApplicationRunner的實現(xiàn)再執(zhí)行CommandLineRunner的實現(xiàn),如果多個Runner之間的初始化邏輯有先后順序,可在實現(xiàn)類添加@Order注解設置執(zhí)行順序,可在源碼SpringApplication類的callRunners方法中查看,如下:
private void callRunners(ApplicationContext context, ApplicationArguments args) { List<Object> runners = new ArrayList<>(); //先添加的ApplicationRunner實現(xiàn) runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(ApplicationRunner.class).values()); //再添加的CommandLineRunner實現(xiàn) runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfType(CommandLineRunner.class).values()); //如果設置了順序,則按設定順序重新排序 AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(runners); for (Object runner : new LinkedHashSet<>(runners)) { if (runner instanceof ApplicationRunner) { callRunner((ApplicationRunner) runner, args); } if (runner instanceof CommandLineRunner) { callRunner((CommandLineRunner) runner, args); } } }
為了便于對比效果,在Idea中設置啟動參數(shù)如下圖(生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中會自動讀取命令行啟動參數(shù)):
在上面的兩個Runner中,設定了CommandLineRunnerInit是第一個,ApplicationRunnerInit是第二個。啟動應用,運行效果如下圖:
業(yè)務場景:
應用服務啟動時,加載一些數(shù)據(jù)和執(zhí)行一些應用的初始化動作。如:刪除臨時文件,清除緩存信息,讀取配置文件信息,數(shù)據(jù)庫連接等。
1、SpringBoot提供了CommandLineRunner和ApplicationRunner接口。當接口有多個實現(xiàn)類時,提供了@order注解實現(xiàn)自定義執(zhí)行順序,也可以實現(xiàn)Ordered接口來自定義順序。
注意:數(shù)字越小,優(yōu)先級越高,也就是@Order(1)注解的類會在@Order(2)注解的類之前執(zhí)行。
兩者的區(qū)別在于:
ApplicationRunner中run方法的參數(shù)為ApplicationArguments,而CommandLineRunner接口中run方法的參數(shù)為String數(shù)組。想要更詳細地獲取命令行參數(shù),那就使用ApplicationRunner接口
@Component @Order(value = 10) public class AgentApplicationRun2 implements ApplicationRunner { @Override public void run(ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) throws Exception { } }
@Component @Order(value = 11) public class AgentApplicationRun implements CommandLineRunner { @Override public void run(String... strings) throws Exception { } }
感謝各位的閱讀,以上就是“CommandLineRunner和Application怎么使用”的內(nèi)容了,經(jīng)過本文的學習后,相信大家對CommandLineRunner和Application怎么使用這一問題有了更深刻的體會,具體使用情況還需要大家實踐驗證。這里是億速云,小編將為大家推送更多相關(guān)知識點的文章,歡迎關(guān)注!
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